US3722719A - Method of and apparatus for sample vial transferring and changing - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for sample vial transferring and changing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3722719A
US3722719A US00027411A US3722719DA US3722719A US 3722719 A US3722719 A US 3722719A US 00027411 A US00027411 A US 00027411A US 3722719D A US3722719D A US 3722719DA US 3722719 A US3722719 A US 3722719A
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vials
carriage
array
row
along
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US00027411A
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E Frank
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Revvity Health Sciences Inc
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Packard Instrument Co Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
    • G01T7/08—Means for conveying samples received
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/026—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations having blocks or racks of reaction cells or cuvettes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An automated method and associated apparatus is provided for transferring sample vials and like regularized objects from a rectilinear array past a counting station in seriatim order.
  • the array is indexed along an X-axis in at least one tray, rows of the array are indexed out of the plane of the array tray along a Z-axis by a comb member into a bottomless carriage, and individual vials in the carriage are then indexed seriatim along a Y-axis past a counting station.
  • Photoelectric sensors are provided to override portions of the indexing mechanism if no sample vials are present in array rows or individual compartments.
  • PATENTEDHARZYIGH SHEET 2 BF 9 Ti iii PATENTEUHARZHSYS SHEET 3 OF 9 PATENTEDHARZYIQTS SHEET 8 [1F 9 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SAMPLE VIAL TRANSFERRING AND CHANGING RELATED APPLICATIONS Edmund Frank, Ser. No. 27,405, filed Apr. 10,1970.
  • This invention relates generally to changing and transfer methods and mechanisms for sample vials and BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Liquid scintillation spectrometers, or apparatus designed to provide spectral analysis of test samples containing one or more radioactive isotopes disposed in a liquid scintillator contained in a sample vial have been successfully employed in medical research and allied laboratories for several years.
  • trays holding an array of sample vials containing the scintillator and isotope are loaded into the apparatus, and the vials are thereafter manipulated seriatim into and out of a detector mechanism.
  • annular trays such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
  • the general object of this invention to provide improved a changing and transfer methods and mechanisms for sample vials and like regularized objects, and wherein such mechanisms may be constructed at relatively low cost and can be easily repaired and maintained.
  • Another important object of the invention is the provision of a changing and transfer mechanism which will operate without damaging the transferred vials.
  • FIG. I is a top plan view showing the overall arrangement of the sample changing apparatus and the associated detecting and counting mechanism
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary front elevational view of an exemplary apparatus, here depicting several samplecontaining tray arrays;
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevational view of the exemplary sample changing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view, partially exploded, showing an exemplary tray-supporting carriage used in the apparatus;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view in partial section showing a typical sample tray used in connection with the sample changing apparatus disclosed;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 66 of FIG. 2 showing in detail an exemplary rear support and carriage drive mechanism used in the illustrated apparatus;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 7-7 in FIG. 4 showing in detail the front support of the illustrated apparatus;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 8-8 of FIG. 2 showing in greater detail the sample vial-elevating comb and its associated driving apparatus;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 99 in FIG. 8 illustrating in detail apparatus for guiding the motion of the sample vialelevating comb;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 10-l0 in FIG. 8 illustrating in detail the lower comb guide;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line l111 in FIG. 8 showing in detailthe mechanism by which the sample vial-elevating and lowering comb is manipulated;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 12l2 in FIG. 8 showing in detail the X-conveyor alinement switch and associated apparatus;
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 13-13 in FIG. 11, showing a typical embodiment of the comb elevating drive ,with the comb illustrated in its upwardmost position;
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged partial top plan view, showing in further detail the Y-axis conveyor
  • FIG. 15 is a partial side elevational view of the Y- conveyor, showing in further detail a number of the parts associated therewith;
  • FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view showing in further detail the sample vial positioning or pilot mechanism used in association with the elevator mechanism of the detector mechanism;
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing further the details of the Y-axis carriage
  • FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line l818 of FIG. 14, and showing yet further details in the Y-axis carriage;
  • FIG. 19 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 19-19 of FIG. 14 and showing yet other details in the Y-axis carriage mechanism;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial elevational view showing in further detail portions of the carriage movement control mechanism.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing in somewhat stylized or schematic form certain of the electrical wiring and connections used in the present embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a liquid scintillation apparatus cabinet 31 housing a scintillation detector mechanism 32.
  • a top opening 33 is provided in the scintillation detector mechanism 32 for the insertion of sample vials 35 into the sample detector mechanism 32.
  • Rectangular arrays of the sample vials 35, spaced in columns and rows along respective X and Y cartesian coordinates of the arrays are normally carried in trays 36 (see FIG. In the practice of the present invention, such trays are preferably constructed in the manner described in greater detail in the aforesaid copending Frank application, Ser. No. 27,405, assigned to the assignee of the present invention. In turn, arrays of the trays 36 may be loaded onto the sample changing apparatus and manipulated as hereinafter described.
  • the sample vials 35 will carry a radioactive isotope-containing substance dissolved, suspended, or otherwise mixed in a liquid scintillation medium comprising a solvent and one or more of numerous commercially available scintillators or fluorescent materials, the sample vial having light-transmissive walls. Scintillations or light flashes may then be counted by means of appropriate photomultipliers and other apparatus carried within the liquid'scintillation detector mechanism, at a counting station provided for that purpose.
  • indexing apparatus For alining successive Y-axis rows of the sample vial array with a transfer station 38, indexing apparatus is provided.
  • such indexing apparatus includes therefor a carriage 40 (best illustrated in FIG. 4), upon which the trays 36 may be manually placed, and which supports and moves the trays 36 along the X-axis.
  • a carriage 40 (best illustrated in FIG. 4), upon which the trays 36 may be manually placed, and which supports and moves the trays 36 along the X-axis.
  • guide brackets 41 having front support rollers 42 mounted thereupon are secured, by any convenient means, to the bottom front of the carriage 40, as best seen in FIG. 7.
  • rollers 43 are provided which engage a track 44 mounted upon the vertical rear wall 45 of the apparatus.
  • the carriage 40 may be driven in either directed along the X-axis'by a carriage drive mechanism.
  • an endless belt 47 is passed around an idler 48 and a drive pulley 49.
  • the pulley 49 is rotated by a small servomotor 49a mounted on the vertical rear wall 45 of the apparatus.
  • a top portion 50 of the belt 47 is secured to a belt connecting bracket 51, which bracket is, in turn, connected to a carriage positioning switch 52.
  • the belt connecting bracket 51 and position switch 52 are moved in a direction parallel to the X-axis, and the carriage 40, which is secured to the carriage position switch 52, is moved in unison therewith.
  • X-axis positioning mechanism 54 Precise alinement of the carriage 40 with the transfer station 38, is accomplished by means of an X-axis positioning mechanism 54, best seen in FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • the carriage is positioned on the X-axis by a small contact roller 55 pivotally mounted on a roller plate 56, the plate itself being, pivoted about a fixed bearing 57, The plate 56 and roller 55 are urged into light contact with the carriage position switch 52.
  • a strike lever 60 may be caused to contact the roller plate 56, and to urge the plate 56 having a switch finger 151 and a roller 55 mounted thereon to the right, as shown in FIG. 12,
  • roller 55 forces the roller 55 to center within one of the notches 61 provided in the carriage position switch 52, in accordance with the invention.
  • Such action of the roller 55 removes any slight misalinement of the carriage switch 52 and attached carriage 40 with the transfer station 38.
  • the position of any given row of containers 35 may be accurately alined with the transfer station 38.
  • indexing apparatus is also included for indexing a row of containers along the Z-axis between the transfer station 38 and additional transfer means.
  • this indexing apparatus includes an elevating comb structure 65 having a plurality of teeth 66, which teeth 66 are adapted for insertion into and out of holes 67 and 68 formed for that purpose in the bottom of the carriage 40 and sample vial-containing trays 36, respectively.
  • the comb 65 is elevated by means of a Z-drive motor 75, the output shaft 69 of which is connected to and drives a cam arm 70 the latter being connected to, the slide 71 of a scotch gear arrangement 72.
  • the motor 75 rotates the cam arm 70, the slide 71 moves between two horizontally disposed slide rails 73 and 74.
  • the cam arm 70 is formed with an extension 76 having a cam surface 77 thereupon.
  • a cam follower 78 is mounted upon the strike lever 60 described above.
  • rotation of the cam arm 70 simultaneously pivots the strike lever 60 by the action of the cam surface 77 and cam follower 78 which is mounted on the strike lever 60.
  • the strike lever is positioned for engagement with the pivot plate 56 which carries the carriage positioning roller 55.
  • the cam surface 77 and follower 78 cause the strike lever 60 to force the roller 55 into positioning engagement with the carriage position switch S2.
  • a row of vials 35 is resultantly positioned accurately at the transfer station 38 immediately prior to the ejection of the vials 35 from the tray 36 by the comb tines 66.
  • the Z- axis, or vertical, motion of the comb 65 is guided by comb-mounted rollers 80 which operate in Z-axis oriented tracks 81 and 82, conveniently mounted on the apparatus structure, and by rollers 83 mounted upon the structure between the tines 66, as best seen in FIGS. 9, and 13.
  • Indexing apparatus is provided for indexing a row of containers along the Y-axis so that the containers move past a loading station in seriatim order for alining the containers with the station.
  • a Y-axis carriage 86 is disposed generally above the elevating comb 65 for motion along the Y-axis.
  • the carriage includes a partitioned mobile conveyor 87 which contains a plurality of bottomless compartments 88 for receiving the Z-axis indexed vials 35.
  • Skirts 89, 90 (FIG. 18) are provided for guiding the upwardly thrust vials 35 into the appropriate compartments 88.
  • the conveyor 87 When the vials 35 are introduced into the compartments 88, the conveyor 87 is moved along the Y-axis by an endless belt 91 driven by a Y-axis drive motor 92.
  • the belt as illustrated (FIG. 17), is secured to the conveyor 87 by belt clamp 93.
  • the conveyor rides upon grooved rollers 94 which engage a corresponding track 95 on one side, and further ride upon smooth-surfaced rollers 96 which engage a C-shaped channel track 97 on the other side.
  • Y-axis indexing motion of the conveyor 87 is thus caused by activation of the Y-axis motor 92 (FIG. 14).
  • the carriage 87 drags the vials 35 which have been inserted into the compartments 88 across the tips of the comb tines 66 and, one after another, past a loading station 99 (FIGS. 1, l4 and 19).
  • a vial-supporting track 100 is provided for those portions of the Y-axis not occupied by tines 66 on the comb 65.
  • notches 101 are formed in one skirt 90 for engagement by a positioning roller 102.
  • This roller 102 is mounted on a pivotable arm 103 which is biased, as by a spring 104, into one of these notches 101.
  • the conveyor 87 is urged into an accurately located position over the loading station 99 by motion of this roller.
  • a'vial 35' When a'vial 35'is positioned at the loading station, as best illustrated in FIGS. 3, 16, and 19 it rests upon an elevator 106 which is operated by mechanisms (not shown) located inside the liquid scintillator detector mechanism 32.
  • the elevator may be lowered into the detector mechanism 32, drawing with it the vial 35, and positioning the latter in a counting station (not shown).
  • Guides 107, 108 are provided for centering the vial 35 on the elevator 106 during the downward and upward motion; the guides 107, 108 and track 100 are tapered at their respective ends to assist in this guidance.
  • the sciritillations or light flashes occurring therein may be counted, as generally known in the art, over measured time or until. a present count is reached. Thereafter, the sample vial is again thrust up into its Y- axis carriage compartment 88 by the elevator 106, and the ⁇ -axis drive motor is actuated to draw a succeeding vial over the elevator.
  • FIG. 21 Embodiments of the switches and circuitry used to operate the mechanism in accordance with the invention are illustrated in FIG. 21 and elsewhere.
  • the X-axis drive motor 49a When the indexing mechanism is activated by the operator, the X-axis drive motor 49a is activated, and draws the vialsupporting carriage 40 along the X-axis as described above.
  • a limit switch 150 actuated by a switch finger 151 halts the X-drive motor 49a and X-axis motion of the carriage when the first row of vial compartments are positioned at the transfer station 38.
  • switch 150 also activatesthe Z-axis motor 75 raising the comb and thrusting the vials located in the transfer station upward along the Z axis, until detent 152 located appropriately upon the comb 65 engages switch 153, thereby halting the Z-axis drive motor and the upward motion of the comb 65.
  • Switch 153 additionally activates the Y-axis drive motor 92 to move the indexing vials along the Y-axis as above described.
  • switch 155 When all Y-axis carriage compartments have been indexed past the loading station, switch 155 is engaged by the Y-axis carriage, and the Y-axis motor is reversely driven. When the carriage is in its original location over the comb 65, the Y-axis motion is halted by switch 156. Switch 156 also reversely actuates the Z-axis drive motor 75, which lowers the comb 65 and vials located thereupon until a detent 157 engages switch 153, whereupon the Z-axis motion is halted and the X-axis drive motor 49a is reactivated to bring the next row of sample vials to the transfer station 38.
  • this operational cycle is continued until the X-axis carriage engages switch 158, whereupon the X- axis motor 49a is reversely and continuously driven until the X-axis carriage is returned to its original position, the reverse motion being halted by switch 159.
  • the apparatus is further designed to manipulate the sample vials without engaging in useless motion where an empty compartment encountered.
  • several optical switches are provided, the switches comprising a light source and a photo-sensitive cell. When an opaque object, such as the cap'upon a sample vial, interrupts the light beam falling upon the cell, the cell-associated switch devices are actuated.
  • an optical switch 160 and associated light source 161 are positioned so as to sense by the interruption of the light beam, the presence, or absence of sample vials in any row of containers located at the transfer station 38. If no sample vial is sensed in the row, appropriate circuitry causes the X-axis motor 49a to continue the indexing motion without the activation of the Z'axis motor 75 or the Y-axis motor 92. Similarly, the optical switch 163 and associated light source 164, together with appropriate circuitry, cause continued Y-axis indexing of the Y-axis carriage if no sample vial is sensed within a Y-axis carriage compartment as the compartment passes the loading station 99.
  • Means are further provided for indicating, to a control station (not shown), the designation-for a sample vial located at the counting station.
  • a control station not shown
  • X-axis position readout switch 165 is included for sensing and indicating the sample vial row which is located at the transfer station 38 for indexing along the Y-axis.
  • a Y-axis position readout switch 166 is included for sensing and indicating the Y-axis carriage compartment which is located at the loading station 99.
  • a test sample changing apparatus for use with at least one rectangular array of sample vials disposed in columns and rows along respective X and Y cartesian coordinates of said array and for transferring all of said vials one at a time to a predetermined point, comprising, an apparatus frame, means on said frame defining said predetermined point, a transfer station on said frame spaced apart from said point along a Y-axis coordinate, a first carriage means for holding at least one rectangular array of vials on said frame at a location spaced from said station, said first carriage means being mounted on said frame with freedom for translatable movement with respect thereto along X-axis coordinates, first indexing means for incrementally indexing said carriage along the X-axis, means for sequentially alining and accurately positioning each Y-oriented row of vials in said array within said station, second carriage means including a pair of spaced Y-oriented sidewalls interconnected by a plurality of X-oriented spaced partitions, the sidewalls and partitions defining a series of open-
  • test sample changing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that means are provided for returning each row of vials along said Y-axis coordinate to its position alined with said transfer station after the last vial contained in said row has been indexed to said point and before the next succeeding row has been indexed to a position alined with said station.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that said second carriage is disposed above said first carriage and said X-oriented partitions project downwardly between the X-oriented columns of vials in said array for guiding said vials during movement of said first carriage in an X-direction.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that said second carriage is translatable along said frame in a Y-oriented direction, and means are provided for accurately alining each of said compartments with said point.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that said comb-like elevator is disposed below said first carriage and said second carriage is disposed above said first carriage whereupon upward movement of said elevator causes the teeth of said elevator to engage the bottoms of said vials and to propel said vials upwardly through the open bottoms of respective different ones of said compartments and into said compartments.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 6 further characterized in that the upper ends of the teeth of said comblike elevator define a substantially continuous track for supporting said vials during Y-indexing of said second carriage.
  • a method of indexing sample vials to a predetermined point from a rectangular array of vials disposed in columns and rows along respective X and Y cartesian coordinates comprising the steps of:
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 13 further characterized in that said second indexing means is operative only while said row of vials is out of the plane of said array.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
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US00027411A 1970-04-10 1970-04-10 Method of and apparatus for sample vial transferring and changing Expired - Lifetime US3722719A (en)

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US2741170A 1970-04-10 1970-04-10
US027406A US3926323A (en) 1970-04-10 1970-04-10 Method of and apparatus for vial transferring and changing

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BE (1) BE765616A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2117405C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2096729B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1296009A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL36577A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944093A (en) * 1971-03-23 1976-03-16 Compagnie Europeenne De Manutention Soiled-dishes handling apparatus
US3883013A (en) * 1972-04-19 1975-05-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Apparatus of applying skids of grating structure and removing the same
US3855473A (en) * 1972-07-21 1974-12-17 Searle & Co Radioactivity measuring device with a movable detector head
US3852599A (en) * 1973-07-09 1974-12-03 Packard Instrument Co Inc Vial transfer mechanism
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1296009A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-15
NL7104610A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-12
FR2096729A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-25
IL36577A0 (en) 1971-06-23
US3926323A (en) 1975-12-16
BE765616A (fr) 1971-10-11
DE2117405B2 (de) 1974-06-27
DE2117405C3 (de) 1975-02-20
DE2117405A1 (de) 1971-10-14
IL36577A (en) 1974-03-14
FR2096729B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-11

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