US3722005A - Percutaneous myo-electrode system - Google Patents

Percutaneous myo-electrode system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3722005A
US3722005A US00198596A US3722005DA US3722005A US 3722005 A US3722005 A US 3722005A US 00198596 A US00198596 A US 00198596A US 3722005D A US3722005D A US 3722005DA US 3722005 A US3722005 A US 3722005A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percutaneous
myo
electrode system
carbon
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00198596A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Cowland
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Plessey Overseas Ltd
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Plessey Handel und Investments AG
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Assigned to PLESSEY OVERSEAS LIMITED reassignment PLESSEY OVERSEAS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PLESSEY HANDEL UND INVESTMENTS AG, GARTENSTRASSE 2, ZUG, SWITZERLAND
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A percutaneous myo-electrode system for facilitating either the stimulation of, or the extraction of electrical energy due to, muscular activity within the body of a vertebrate.
  • a percutaneous member of a biocompatible carbon material is insertable into an aperture in the body tissue such that a surface thereof is substantially flush with the outer skin of the body tissue.
  • At least one connecting member of electrically conductive biocompatible material is secured within and electrically insulated from the percutaneous member.
  • each, connecting member is connectable, at the surface of the body tissue, to an electrical energy source or user external of the body, whilst the other end thereof is connected to an electrode of an electrically conductive biocompatible material by means of a connecting lead of an electrically conductive biocompatible material.
  • the electrode is connectable to a muscle within the body.
  • the electrical energy user can be an artificial limb, and the external electrical energy source can be used to stimulate the heart of the vertebrate.
  • the invention relates to a percutaneous myo-electrode system for facilitating the stimulation of, or the extraction of electrical energy due to, muscular activity within the body of a vertebrate.
  • vitreous, glassy or pyrolytic carbons are chemically, biologically and physically compatible with animal tissue and electrically conductive. These materials are, therefore, ideally suited for use as a percutaneous myo-electrode system material.
  • the invention provides a percutaneous myo-electrode system for facilitating the stimulation of, or the extraction of electrical energy due to, muscular activity within the body of a vertebrate, including a percutaneous member of carbon material which is electrically conductive, microcrystalline in structure and substantially impermeable, the percutaneous member being insertable into an aperture in the body tissue such that a surface thereof is substantially flush with the outer skin of the body tissue; a connecting member of the said carbon material which is secured within and electrically insulated from the percutaneous member, one end of the connecting member being connectable, at the said surface of the percutaneous member, to an electrical energy source or user external'of the said body; an electrode of an electrically conductive biocompatible material which is connectable to a muscle within the said body; and a connecting lead of an electrically conductive biocompatible material which'is secured at one end in electrical contact with the other end of the connecting member, and at the other end in electrical contact with the electrode.
  • the electrical energy user external of the said body can be an electrical indicating or recording apparatus or an electrically actuatable mechanism which can form part of an artificial limb.
  • the external electrical energy source is used to stimulate a body muscle, for
  • example the heart of the vertebrate.
  • the surface of the percutaneous member in contact with the body tissue can be roughened to assist the keying in of the member by a fibrous interfacial layer.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a plan view of a percutaneous myo-electrode system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates a cross-sectional side elevation of the percutaneous myo-electrode system according to FIG. 1 on the line X X.
  • a percutaneous myo-electrode system is diagrammatically illustrated therein implanted in the body tissue of a vertebrate.
  • the myo-electrode system includes a percutaneous member 1 implanted in the body tissue 2 of the vertebrate, such that the surface la is substantially flush with the outer skin of the body tissue 2.
  • the percutaneous member 1 is formed from a carbon material, for example vitreous carbon, which is electrically conductive, microcrystalline in structure, and substantially impermeable, and which, as stated in a preceding paragraph, is compatible with animal tissue and, therefore, ideally suited for this purpose.
  • a percutaneous implant of this type of material results in the formation of a germ-free entry to the body of the vertebrate which, it is thought, is due in the main to the formation of a protective epithelial downgrowth of fibrous material at theinterface between the body tissue 2 and the carbon percutaneous member 1.
  • Two connecting members 3 of a carbon material os the kind outlined in the preceding paragraph, for example vitreous carbon, are each secured within an aperture 4 in the member 1 and electrically insulated from the member 1 and thereby from each other by an annular layer 5 of a biocompatible electrically insulating material.
  • Each of the connecting members 3 is provided at one end with an aperture 6.
  • the apertures 6 which form a two-pin plug socket, are arranged to receive a two-pin plug from a c'o-operating connector (not illustrated).
  • An aperture 7 is provided in the other end of each of the connecting members 3 into which is secured in electrical contact therewith one end of an electrically conductive lead 8.
  • the leads 8 are of a biocompatible electrically conductive material.
  • each of the leads 8 is secured to an electrode 9 of a biocompatible material which is insertable into, or connectable to, a muscle of the body of the vertebrate.
  • the surface lb of the percutaneous member 1 can be provided with a layer 10 of a biocompatible electrically insulating material when the electrical conductivity of the body tissue 2 and/or thebody fluids is such that electrical conduction therein between the connecting members 3 or between the members 3 and the percutaneous member 1 affects the operation of the equipment associated with the percutaneous myo-electrode system.
  • the members 1 and 3 when of a solid vitreous or glassy carbon, are formed by the thermal degradation of organic materials.
  • One process for producing impermeable carbon bodies is described in U.S. Pat. specification No. 3,109,712 and British Pat. specification No. 956,452.
  • vitreous carbons In bulk form, vitreous carbons have a density of approximately 1.5 and exhibit a conchoidal fracture and are nonporous.
  • the members 1 and 3 are of a solid pyrolytic carbon, they are formed by carbonizing simple organic compounds, for example as described in one of the abovementioned Patent specifications.
  • a suitable biocompatible electrically conductive material for each of the electrically conducti e leads 8 is a carbon fiber filament.
  • the carbon fiber filament would be sealed at one end into the aperture 7 and at the other end into the electrode 9.
  • the electrode 9 can be of a carbon material of the kind outlined in a preceding paragraph, for example vitreous carbon.
  • the sealing of the carbon fiber filament into the aperture 7 and the electrode 9 can, when the members 3 and the electrode 9 are of vitreous carbon, be effected with a phenolic resin such as phenol-formaldehyde which is a precursor of vitreous carbon and electrically insulating when in moulding powder or casting resin form.
  • the biocompatible electrically insulating layers can also be of a phenolic resin such as phenolformaldehyde which should be cured at a temperature of the order of 400C in order that its electrically insulating properties are retained.
  • Other biocompatible electrically insulating materials can be utilized, for example a layer of a carbide forming element such as silicon can be deposited on the cylindrical surface of the connecting members 3 which will form a seal with the connecting members 3.
  • the deposited silicon melts and reacts with the carbon content of the members 1 and 3 to form annular layers 5 of silicon carbide.
  • the layer 10, when provided, can also be of silicon carbide and produced in this manner.
  • the surface or surfaces of the percutaneous member 1 in contact with the body tissue 2 may be roughened in order to assist the keying in of the member 1 by the previously mentioned epithelial downgrowth of fibrous material which forms between the body tissue and the carbon percutaneous member 1.
  • This roughness may be achieved by machining the surface, preferably before firing, or by first coating the surface with granules of phenolic resin, or fibers of carbon, or a suitable polymer before carbonizing.
  • the electrodes 9 would be implanted into, or attached to a muscle which is to be stimulated or whose electrical impulse are to be transferred to utilization means external of the body tissue 2, and the percutaneous member 1 and associated parts would be implanted in the body tissue.
  • the percutaneous member 1 and associated parts would be implanted in the body tissue.
  • the electrodes could be connected via the two-pin plug to an external source of electrical power and utilized to pass electrical currents into a body muscle in order to stimulate it.
  • a percutaneous myo-electrode system for facilitating the simulation of, or theextraction of electrical energy due to, muscular activity within the body of a vertebrate, including a percutaneous member of carbon material which is electrically conductive, microcrystalline in structure and substantially impermeable, the percutaneous member being insertable into an aperture in the body tissue such that a surface thereof is substantially flush with the outer skin of the body tissue; a connecting member of the said carbon material which is secured within and electrically insulated from the percutaneous member, one end of the connecting member being connectable, at the said surface of the percutaneous member, to an electrical energy source or user external of the said body; an electrode of an electrically conductive biocompatible material which is connectable to a muscle within the said body; and a connecting lead of an electrically conductive biocompatible material which is secured at one end in electrical contact with the other end of the connecting member, and at the other end in electrical contact with the electrode.
  • a percutaneous myo-electrode system as claimed in claim 1 which includes at least two of the connecting members each one of which is connected to an electrode by a connecting lead.
  • a percutaneous myo-electrode system as claimed in claim 2 which includes a layer of a biocompatible electrically insulating material formed on a surface of the percutaneous member such that it effects electrical isolation between the said other ends of each of the connecting members.
  • a percutaneous myo-electrode system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a surface of the percutaneous member for engagement with the aperture in the body.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US00198596A 1970-11-19 1971-11-15 Percutaneous myo-electrode system Expired - Lifetime US3722005A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5497270 1970-11-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3722005A true US3722005A (en) 1973-03-27

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US00198596A Expired - Lifetime US3722005A (en) 1970-11-19 1971-11-15 Percutaneous myo-electrode system

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3722005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2157137A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2115253B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1298010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964470A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-06-22 Medtronic, Inc. Percutaneous intradermal electrical connection system and implant device
US3995644A (en) * 1975-09-16 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Percutaneous connector device
US4031882A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-06-28 Liberty Mutual Insurance Company Apparatus for interfacing to anatomic signal sources
US4033357A (en) * 1975-02-07 1977-07-05 Medtronic, Inc. Non-fibrosing cardiac electrode
US4046141A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-09-06 Liberty Mutual Insurance Company Method and apparatus for interfacing to anatomic signal sources
DE2613052A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Siemens Ag Implantierbare elektrode
DE2613072A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Siemens Ag Implantierbare elektrode
US4058116A (en) * 1974-10-09 1977-11-15 Louis Bucalo Methods, materials, and devices for providing electrical conductivity particularly for living beings
US4125116A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-11-14 The Johns Hopkins University Human tissue stimulation electrode structure
US4204544A (en) * 1977-09-30 1980-05-27 California Institute Of Technology Simultaneous muscle force and displacement transducer
US4281668A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Implantable carbon electrode
US4748983A (en) * 1985-08-27 1988-06-07 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha X-ray transmissive electrode for a living body
US4800887A (en) * 1985-08-27 1989-01-31 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha X ray-transparent electrode for a living body
US4863157A (en) * 1988-04-29 1989-09-05 State University Of New York Method and apparatus for exercising a paralyzed limb
US5252102A (en) * 1989-01-24 1993-10-12 Electrobionics Corporation Electronic range of motion apparatus, for orthosis, prosthesis, and CPM machine
US5632085A (en) * 1994-11-09 1997-05-27 Pacesetter Ab Method for making an electrical contact for a vitreous carbon electrode
US6171239B1 (en) 1998-08-17 2001-01-09 Emory University Systems, methods, and devices for controlling external devices by signals derived directly from the nervous system
US6500210B1 (en) 1992-09-08 2002-12-31 Seattle Systems, Inc. System and method for providing a sense of feel in a prosthetic or sensory impaired limb
US20050075708A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-04-07 O'brien Robert C. Nanotube coatings for implantable electrodes
US20050177039A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-08-11 Mills William J. Chronically implantable an artifact-free biomedical electrode assemblies
US20050228249A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-13 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable lead system with seed electrodes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4223152C1 (de) * 1992-07-14 1993-10-21 Sanol Arznei Schwarz Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrosteckverbindungselementes sowie elektrische Versorgungsleitung mit wenigstens einem Mikrosteckverbindungselement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336919A (en) * 1964-02-21 1967-08-22 Russ Clem Implanted electrode for measuring oxygen pressure in an organ
US3526005A (en) * 1967-06-29 1970-09-01 Gulf General Atomic Inc Method of preparing an intravascular defect by implanting a pyrolytic carbon coated prosthesis
US3526906A (en) * 1965-11-05 1970-09-08 Lorraine Carbone Prosthetic implants made from carbonaceous materials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336919A (en) * 1964-02-21 1967-08-22 Russ Clem Implanted electrode for measuring oxygen pressure in an organ
US3526906A (en) * 1965-11-05 1970-09-08 Lorraine Carbone Prosthetic implants made from carbonaceous materials
US3526005A (en) * 1967-06-29 1970-09-01 Gulf General Atomic Inc Method of preparing an intravascular defect by implanting a pyrolytic carbon coated prosthesis

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A Percutaneous Electrode For Long-Term Monitoring of Bio-Electrical Signals in Humans by R. Kadefors et al, Med. & Biological Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 129 135, 1970. *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964470A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-06-22 Medtronic, Inc. Percutaneous intradermal electrical connection system and implant device
US4058116A (en) * 1974-10-09 1977-11-15 Louis Bucalo Methods, materials, and devices for providing electrical conductivity particularly for living beings
US4033357A (en) * 1975-02-07 1977-07-05 Medtronic, Inc. Non-fibrosing cardiac electrode
US4031882A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-06-28 Liberty Mutual Insurance Company Apparatus for interfacing to anatomic signal sources
US4046141A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-09-06 Liberty Mutual Insurance Company Method and apparatus for interfacing to anatomic signal sources
US3995644A (en) * 1975-09-16 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Percutaneous connector device
US4773433A (en) * 1976-03-26 1988-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Implantable electrode
US4917760A (en) * 1976-03-26 1990-04-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for making an implantable electrode
DE2613072A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Siemens Ag Implantierbare elektrode
DE2613052A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-06 Siemens Ag Implantierbare elektrode
US4125116A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-11-14 The Johns Hopkins University Human tissue stimulation electrode structure
US4204544A (en) * 1977-09-30 1980-05-27 California Institute Of Technology Simultaneous muscle force and displacement transducer
US4281668A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Implantable carbon electrode
US4748983A (en) * 1985-08-27 1988-06-07 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha X-ray transmissive electrode for a living body
US4800887A (en) * 1985-08-27 1989-01-31 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha X ray-transparent electrode for a living body
US4863157A (en) * 1988-04-29 1989-09-05 State University Of New York Method and apparatus for exercising a paralyzed limb
US5252102A (en) * 1989-01-24 1993-10-12 Electrobionics Corporation Electronic range of motion apparatus, for orthosis, prosthesis, and CPM machine
US6500210B1 (en) 1992-09-08 2002-12-31 Seattle Systems, Inc. System and method for providing a sense of feel in a prosthetic or sensory impaired limb
US5632085A (en) * 1994-11-09 1997-05-27 Pacesetter Ab Method for making an electrical contact for a vitreous carbon electrode
US6171239B1 (en) 1998-08-17 2001-01-09 Emory University Systems, methods, and devices for controlling external devices by signals derived directly from the nervous system
US20050075708A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-04-07 O'brien Robert C. Nanotube coatings for implantable electrodes
US7162308B2 (en) * 2002-11-26 2007-01-09 Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. Nanotube coatings for implantable electrodes
US20050177039A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-08-11 Mills William J. Chronically implantable an artifact-free biomedical electrode assemblies
US20050228249A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-13 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable lead system with seed electrodes
US7283856B2 (en) * 2004-04-09 2007-10-16 Neuro Pace, Inc. Implantable lead system with seed electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2157137A1 (de) 1972-05-25
FR2115253A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07
GB1298010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-29
FR2115253B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-21

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