US3716996A - Afterburner for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Afterburner for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3716996A
US3716996A US00188959A US3716996DA US3716996A US 3716996 A US3716996 A US 3716996A US 00188959 A US00188959 A US 00188959A US 3716996D A US3716996D A US 3716996DA US 3716996 A US3716996 A US 3716996A
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United States
Prior art keywords
reburning
exhaust gases
afterburning
additional air
afterburning system
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00188959A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Maruoka
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/04—Mixing air with exhaust gases for afterburning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • Afterburners of the flame type have been used as furnaces that burn out the small quantities of fuel left unburned in the engine combustion chamber.
  • the afterburners of the flame type establish an open flame in the contaminated exhaust gases by adding some amount of extra secondary fuel to the exhaust gases.
  • this direct open flame method there are several concomitant problems: Since the afterburners are located in an engine exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gases flow at a high speed, it is quite difficult to stably maintain or hold the main combustion of the exhaust gases; furthermore, irregular combustions such as misfire or blow-off are often encountered in using the open flame method, thus inviting deterioration of the main combustion with resultant increased in unburned contaminated emission.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved afterburning stabilizer including a porous enclosure for uniformly admixing an additional air-fuel mixture supplied thereto and a number of projections mounted upon the porous enclosure for producing small turbulences in the flow of the exhaust gases and for acting as a heat source when the premixed flame is formed closeto the tips thereof.
  • a further object is to provide a compact afterburning system with reliable ignition performance and without any misfire or blow-off.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical flow chart of an afterburning system of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the overall afterburning system
  • FIG.3 is an enlarged sectional view of an embodiment of an afterburning stabilizer and afterburning reactor shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 but shows another embodiment.
  • an afterburning system of this invention may be provided with a secondary air supplier 11 for supplying a secondary air to the contaminated engine exhaust gases 12 to produce exhaust gases 13, if desired.
  • the exhaust gases 13 thus obtained are then introduced into an afterburning or reburning reactor 14 for complete consumption of the unburned content.
  • the afterburning reactor 14 discharges clean exhaust gases 15.
  • the reburning in the afterburning reactor 14 is stabilized by an afterburning stabilizer 16 which will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the afterburning stabilizer 16 of the flame type produces a premixed flame acting as a heat source for the reburning of the exhaust gases 13.
  • Additional air-fuel mixture is supplied from an additional air-fuel mixture supplier 17 to form and maintain the premixed flame.
  • additional air 18 and additional fuel 19 are metered to have a proper mixture ratio and delivered to the additional air-fuel mixture supplier 17.
  • the temperature in the afterburning reactor 14 is maintained at an appropriate level.
  • This temperature control may be accomplished by providing a mixture flow rate controller 21 which controls the intensity of and therefore thermal energy generated by the premixed flame.
  • the mixture flow rate controller 21 regulates flow rate of the additional air-fuel mixture 17 which has obtained a proper mixture ratio, in dependence upon the temperature in the afterburning reactor 14.
  • the temperature detection is carried out by a temperature sensor 22 which may be mounted in the afterburning reactor 14.
  • an igniter 23 may be used in the afterburning system 10.
  • the contaminated exhaust gases 12 are discharged from an internal combustion engine (not shown) into the reburning chamber 14a.
  • a metered amount of secondary air 11 may be introduced into the contaminated exhaust gases 12 by an air injection device (not shown).
  • the introduction of the secondary air 11 may preferably provide a partially admixed exhaust gases of proper mixture ratio falling to the lean side.
  • the additional air 18 is sucked by a blower 18a through a passage 18b, which is vented to the surrounding atmosphere and is in communication with a reservoir 16a of the afterburning stabilizer 16.
  • an optimum amount of the additional fuel 19 is supplied in an atomized condition to the passage 18b by a carburetor 19a, which communicates with a fuel pump (not shown).
  • the additional air-fuel mixture 17 thus produced is uniformly admixed while passing through a porous enclosure 16b of the afterburning stabilizer 16. Then, the additional air-fuel mixture 17 produces the premixed flame when ignited by a spark plug 13a of the igniter 23. This premixed flame is encountered by the flow of the exhaust gases 13.
  • the exhaust gases 13 usually contain unburned fuel and may also contain the secondary air 1 1, so that they will easily reburn to consume the unburned fuel content if the reburning chamber 14a is maintained at a high temperature level.
  • the combustion phenomena experienced in the reburning chamber 14a will be discussed in detail with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the temperature sensor 22 senses the temperature level and provides a signal indicative of the temperature level. This signal is introduced into a controller 21a of the mixture flow rate controller 21. Upon reception of the temperature signal, the controller 21a energizes a servo-motor 21b to actuate the same.
  • the servo-motor 21b which is mechanically coupled with a throttle valve 210 mounted in the passage 18b, rotates the throttle valve 21c when actuated. This rotation changes the effective area around the throttle valve 210, thus controlling the flow rate of the additional air-fuel mixture 17. In this way, the temperature in the reburning chamber 14a is automatically controlled at a predetermined level appropriate for effecting therein complete combustion.
  • the controller 21a is energized by an energy source 24 through an ignition switch 25 and may control the operation of the blower 18a.
  • the spark plug 23a may also be controlled by the controller 21a through switching of a high voltage source 23b.
  • the afterburning stabilizer 16 further includes a number of projections 16c mounted upon the porous enclosure 16b.
  • These projections 16c may preferably be made of a heat resistive material and acts as a heat source for the main combustion when the premixed flame is formed therearound. This is because the projections 16c are heated by the premixed flame and then turns red-hot. In any event, the premixed flame is formed close to the tips of the projections 16c.
  • the exhaust gases 13 is delivered at a relatively high speed into the reburning chamber 14a.
  • the porous enclosure 16b acts as a bluff body establising a wake and a recirculation zone, as shown, downstream thereof.
  • the porous enclosure 16b as a whole is a flame holder as used in a jet engine.
  • the projections 160 produce small turbulences in the stream of the exhaust gases 13. With the premixed flame thus formed, the combined effects of the small turbulences, wake, recirculation zone stably anchor the main afterburning combustion which is shown as a hatched reaction zone.
  • the material used in the porous enclosure 16b may not have an extremely high heat-resistive property, because the additional air-fuel mixture 17 is cold enough to cool down the enclosure 16b while passing therethrough. Therefore, materials suitable for the porous enclosure 16b are, by way of example, sintered porcelain and multilayered stainless steel mesh.
  • the projections 160 may be made of solid porcelain.
  • FIG. 4 showing another example of an afterburning stabilizer 16', in which primed numerals indicate counterparts shown in FIG. 3.
  • a reburning chamber 14a and therefore an afterburning reactor 14 are provided within a porous enclosure 16'b of the afterburning stabilizer 16.
  • a number of projections l6'c are mounted upon an inner surface of the porous enclosure l6'b.
  • a reservoir l6a is provided surrounding the porous enclosure 16b.
  • the additional air-fuel mixture 17 is, in operation, introduced into the reservoir l6a and passes inwardly throughthe porous enclosure 16'b. Then, the mixture 17 is ignited by the spark plug 230 and forms a premixed flame close to the tips of the projections 16"c.
  • the exhaust gases 13 are ignited by lences, wake and recirculation zone are not expected to a great extentin this embodiment, a uniform high temperature distribution together with stagnant combustible gases are obtained in the reburning chamber l4'a, respectively because the reburning chamber 14'a is surrounded by the premixed flame and because the exhaust gases 13 are introduced into the reburning chamber 14a having a relatively large volume. This will lead to reduction of the amount of extra fuel to be added.
  • the reburning chamber 14a is defined by the porous enclosure l6b being cooled, so that there will not be a cooling problem of the reburning chamber l4'a.
  • this invention provides a compact afterburning system for reducing u'nburned content in the engine exhaust gases, with reliable ignition performance and without any misfire or blow-off.
  • An afterburning system for minimizing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide contents left unburned in engine exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprising:
  • reburning means having a reburning chamber for reburning the engine exhaust gases therein;
  • reburning stabilizing means including mixing means having a porous enclosure, and heat source and turbulence producing means having a number of projections mounted upon said enclosure, for forming a premixed flame close to the tips of said projections to stabilize the reburning of the engine exhaust gases; and
  • additional air-fuel mixture supplying means for supplying an additional air-fuel mixture to said reburning stabilizing means
  • said porous enclosure uniformly admixes said additional air-fuel mixture while it is passing therethrough, and said projections produce small turbulences in the flow of the engine exhaust gases and act as a heat source, while heated by said premixed flame, for anchoring the reburning of the engine exhaust gases.
  • An afterburning system according to claim 1, further comprising flow rate control means for controlling flow rate of said additional air-fuel mixture in dependence upon the temperature in said reburning chamber to maintain said temperature at a predetermined level appropriate for effecting complete combustion of the engine exhaust gases.
  • said flowrate control means includes a throttle valve rotatably mounted in said additional air-fuel mixture supplying means for controlling the effective area therearound, a servo-motor for rotating said throttle valve when energized, a controller for controlling energization of said servo-motor, and a temperature sensor mounted in said reburning chamber for sensing the temperature therein to control the operation of said controller.
  • said additional air-fuel mixture supplying means includes additional air supplying means for supplying fresh air to said reburning stabilizing means, and additional fuel supplying means for supplying an optimum amount of atomized fuel to the flow of the fresh air.
  • said additional air supplying means includes a passage vented to the atmosphere and communicating with said reburning stabilizing means, and a blower mounted in said passage for sucking the fresh air into said reburning stabilizing means, and wherein said additional fuel supplying means includes a carburetor mounted on said passage.
  • said reburning stabilizing means has a generally spherical shape andis located within and upstream of said reburning chamber.
  • An afterburning system according to claim 1, further comprising secondary air supplying means for supplying secondary air to the engine exhaust gases prior to the reburning operation to provide exhaust gases of proper mixture ratio.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
US00188959A 1970-12-30 1971-10-13 Afterburner for internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3716996A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45122778A JPS5032890B1 (de) 1970-12-30 1970-12-30

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US (1) US3716996A (de)
JP (1) JPS5032890B1 (de)
CA (1) CA946172A (de)
DE (1) DE2163983C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2120675A5 (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4033123A (en) * 1973-08-17 1977-07-05 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine exhaust gas after-burning system
US4163772A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-08-07 Renal Systems Air charger
EP0250829A1 (de) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Feststoffteilchen im Abgas von Brennkraftmaschinen
US5379592A (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-01-10 Waschkuttis; Gerhard Catalytic converter with ignition burner
US5404719A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-04-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Engine exhaust gas purification device
US5406790A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-04-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification device for an engine
US5471836A (en) * 1991-10-14 1995-12-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine
US5473887A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-12-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine
US5544483A (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-08-13 Volkswagen Ag Internal combustion engine with a secondary air-fuel supply
US5584178A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-12-17 Southwest Research Institute Exhaust gas combustor
US20070157606A1 (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-07-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Burner for heating a catalytic converter with open-loop or closed-loop controlled fuel delivery
US20070240404A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-18 Eric Pekrul Engine Exhaust Systems with Secondary Air Injection Systems
US20100170225A1 (en) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-08 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust treatment system having a reductant supply system
US20130055701A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Mi Yan Reductant delivery apparatus with purging means

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2333072A1 (de) * 1973-06-29 1975-01-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum entgiften der abgase
DE4307525A1 (de) * 1993-03-10 1994-09-15 Audi Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachbehandlung der Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203554A (en) * 1937-01-29 1940-06-04 Jr William C Uhri Exhaust gas burner
US3042499A (en) * 1958-09-29 1962-07-03 John E Morris Burner-muffler
US3306035A (en) * 1966-02-11 1967-02-28 Jacque C Morrell Apparatus for treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3073684A (en) * 1959-06-01 1963-01-15 John E Morris Gas purifying muffler

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203554A (en) * 1937-01-29 1940-06-04 Jr William C Uhri Exhaust gas burner
US3042499A (en) * 1958-09-29 1962-07-03 John E Morris Burner-muffler
US3306035A (en) * 1966-02-11 1967-02-28 Jacque C Morrell Apparatus for treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4033123A (en) * 1973-08-17 1977-07-05 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine exhaust gas after-burning system
US4163772A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-08-07 Renal Systems Air charger
EP0250829A1 (de) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Feststoffteilchen im Abgas von Brennkraftmaschinen
US5473887A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-12-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine
US5471836A (en) * 1991-10-14 1995-12-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine
US5379592A (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-01-10 Waschkuttis; Gerhard Catalytic converter with ignition burner
US5404719A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-04-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Engine exhaust gas purification device
US5406790A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-04-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification device for an engine
US5544483A (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-08-13 Volkswagen Ag Internal combustion engine with a secondary air-fuel supply
US5584178A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-12-17 Southwest Research Institute Exhaust gas combustor
US20070157606A1 (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-07-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Burner for heating a catalytic converter with open-loop or closed-loop controlled fuel delivery
US8128003B2 (en) * 2005-11-17 2012-03-06 Robert Bosh Gmbh Burner for heating a catalytic converter with open-loop or closed-loop controlled fuel delivery
US20070240404A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-18 Eric Pekrul Engine Exhaust Systems with Secondary Air Injection Systems
US8429896B2 (en) * 2006-04-18 2013-04-30 Kohler Co. Engine exhaust systems with secondary air injection systems
US8925298B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2015-01-06 Kohler Co. Engine exhaust systems with secondary air injection systems
US8925297B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2015-01-06 Kohler Co. Engine exhaust systems with secondary air injection systems
US20100170225A1 (en) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-08 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust treatment system having a reductant supply system
US20130055701A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Mi Yan Reductant delivery apparatus with purging means
US8931259B2 (en) * 2011-09-02 2015-01-13 Mi Yan Reductant delivery apparatus with purging means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2163983A1 (de) 1972-07-20
JPS5032890B1 (de) 1975-10-25
DE2163983B2 (de) 1974-06-12
FR2120675A5 (de) 1972-08-18
DE2163983C3 (de) 1975-02-06
CA946172A (en) 1974-04-30

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