US3713312A - Methods and apparatus for straightening or blending elongated workpieces - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for straightening or blending elongated workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3713312A US3713312A US00178190A US3713312DA US3713312A US 3713312 A US3713312 A US 3713312A US 00178190 A US00178190 A US 00178190A US 3713312D A US3713312D A US 3713312DA US 3713312 A US3713312 A US 3713312A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- strokes
- residual error
- straightening
- preselected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/10—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts between rams and anvils or abutments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
- Y10S72/702—Overbending to compensate for springback
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A method of straightening an elongated workpiece, in which the workpiece is supportedv at two spaced points and straightening forces are applied between these points by an automatically controlled hydraulic ram, governed by a programming system which causes the first stroke of the ram to defect the work beyond the desired final shape by a distance approximately equal to the calculated maximum elastic deformation, the load is then removed and the residual error sensed, and a further series of strokes applied at constant increments, the residual error being sensed between strokes and used to initiate a second series of stroke increments of smaller value until the residual error falls below a final preselected value at which acceptable straightness has been achieved.
- PATENIEBmao 1915 saw 1 or 3' INVENTOR R Nzo GMBABN mzminmsoms 3,713,312
- the invention may be viewed as an improvement in or modification of the invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,481,170.
- a workpiece is straightened by a series of operations which includes a first straightening stroke arranged to impart to the workpiece a deformation beyond the desired final shape, this deformation being approximately equal to, or slightly greater than, the estimated maximum elastic deformation, the workpiece is then unloaded and the remaining error between its relaxed position and its desired final shape is then measured or sensed, after which at least one further straightening stroke is applied to impart a deformation beyond the final shape equal to the sum of the said estimated maximum elastic deformation and the sensed error remaining after the first stroke.
- the maximum elastic deformation referred to above may be defined as the maximum deflection that can be imparted to the workpiece without any part of it entering into the plastic range. It will be understood that in the case of a bar the outer portions of the bar will be subjected to a higher stress and deformation when a bending strain is applied, then the inner portions, and the outer portions will therefore reach the elastic limit sooner, i.e. at a smaller total deflection of the bar. The maximum elastic deformation is reached when any part of the workpiece starts to enter into the plastic range.
- the invention consists in a method of straightening or applying controlled bending to an elongated workpiece, in which the workpiece is subjected to a bending stroke, which imparts to it a deformation beyond the desired final shape, this deformation (as measured beyond the desired final shape) being approximately equal to, or slightly greater than the estimated maximum elastic deformation, and
- the workpiece is then unloaded and subjected to a series of bending strokes which impart progressively increasing deformation to the workpiece on a preselected programme of increments and the residual error between the actual and desired shapes is sensed when the workpiece is unloadedbetween at least some of said strokes, and when the residual error falls below a first preselected value the workpiece is subjected to a further series of increasing strokes of smaller progressive increments, according to another preselected programme, and the residual error is again sensed when the workpiece is unloaded between strokes, and when the residual error falls below a second preselected value, the operation is terminated.
- the first series of strokes are of progressively increasing length, the increments being of constant value, and the second series of strokes are also of progressively increasing length, with constant increments of smaller value than the increments of the first series.
- the residual error is sensed after each stroke, though in some cases it may be sufficient to sense the error only after a preselected number of strokes.
- the method may be applied in practice to a workpiece in a number of different ways, with the workpiece supported in various different fashions but the invention is particularly applicable to a method in which the workpiece is supported on two spaced supports, and the bending strokes are applied to the workpiece between the supports by a fluid-operated ram.
- the length of each stroke is determined by an automatic control system having an input from an error senser arranged to sense the residual error when the workpiece is unloaded, and an output connected to a ram for applying the bending or straightening strokes, so as to control the length thereof, the control system including a programming section arranged to apply one or two preselected programmes of increments to the output signal, depending upon whether the sensed residual error is above or below the first preselected value.
- the invention also'consists in an apparatus for performing the method of any of the preceding claims including an automatic control system associated with an error senser and a fluid operated ram for applying straightening strokes to a workpiece supported between two support points, the output from the control system being operatively associated with the fluid operated ram so as to control the lengthof the strokes, and the control system including a programming section arranged to apply one of two preselected programmes of increments to the output signal to the ram, depending upon whether the sensed residual error occurring at the input is above or below a first preselected value.
- FIG. 1 is a load deflection diagram illustrating very diagrammatically and on an exaggerated scale the successive stages of a straightening operation according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is another diagram illustrating the physical straightening strokes or stages shown in the diagram of FIG. 1, and likewise on an exaggerated scale, and
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of a straightening apparatus according to the invention.
- the workpiece in this example is a metal bar which has initially been bent or deformed, or otherwise departs from true straightness as shown in FIG. 2, and is placed over a pair of spaced supports 11,12 with its curvature upwards so that the center of the barlies at point A immediately below a hydraulically operated straightening ram 13.
- the final required straight shape of the bar is shown by the straight line 14 extending between the two supports 11,12 and the corresponding position of the center of the bar is shown by the origin 0.
- the maximum elastic deformation Fp corresponds to the position P on the curve where the line of the curve begins to deviate from a straight line of constant gradient (the value Fp being measured from the original position A).
- a first downward straightening stroke S is applied to the bar by means of the ram 13 so as to deform the bar beyond the desired final position 0 to an extent beyond the origin 0 approximately equal to, or possibly slightly greater than, this estimated value Fp.
- the equivalent point on the load deflection curve is shown at O in FIG. 1.
- the load on the bar is then removed by withdrawing the ram 13 upwards and the position of the point at the center of the bar returns to a new relaxed position R along the line Q R (parallel with AP).
- An automatic sensing device (see FIG. 3) then measures the distance between this relaxed position R and the origin 0 and provides an output proportional to this residual measured error E If this residual error E, is greater than a first preselected error value E the process continues with a second stroke S which exceeds the first stroke S, by an increment a.
- the corresponding position on the load deflection diagram is shown at Q and when the load is again removed the central point of the bar returns to position R along the line Q 11
- the residual error is again sensed and since in this case the error is again larger than the first selected value E a further downward straightening stroke is applied to position S the added increment between S; and S being equal to the previous increment a.
- the increments a of the first stage may be varied progressively; for example they may be progressively reduced in size towards the end of this stage, according to the pre-arranged programme.
- the increments b in the second stage may be progressively reduced. It is however important that the increments b of the second stage should be smaller than those of the first stage.
- FIG. 3 A suitable apparatus for controlling the straightening process is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
- the straightening ram 13 is powered by an electro-hydraulic power control unit 22 and the apparatus includes a positional pick-up or error senser 16 and an electronic control device indicated generally by 17, including a computer with a digital memory 18, a programmer 19, a summing device 20, a differentiator 21, a control amplifier 23, and an external control panel 24.
- the positional pick-up or error senser 16 After feeding from the control panel 24 to the programmer 19 the estimated maximum elastic deformation Fp, the two increments a and b, and the first and .second preselected errors E and E a button is pressed on the panel 24 and an electric signal is generated for beginning the straightening operation by operating the ram 13.
- the positional pick-up or error senser 16 produces two signals one of which represents the total deflection applied by the ram, and is transmitted to the amplifer 23, whilst the other, representing the residual error e, after the load has been relieved, is transmitted to the memory of the computer l8.
- This error signal (e is also compared with the first preselected error signal E, by the differentiator 21 and as long as the residual error e, is larger than the preselected value E an output signal is transmitted from 21 to the amplifier 23 to cause the ram to be energized again, the extent of its movement being governed
- This procedure and apparatus enable a workpiece to be straightened, or brought to a predetermined shape, in a very economical process involving only a small number of straightening strokes and without the complications imposed by controlling the added increment of each stroke in accordance with the sensed residual error after the previous stroke.
- a method of straightening or applying controlled bending to an elongated workpiece in which the workpiece is subjected to a bending stroke which imparts to it a deformation beyond the desired final shape, this deformation as measured beyond the desired final shape being approximately equal to, or slightly greater than, the estimated maximum elastic deformation, and the workpiece is then unloaded and subjected to a'series of bending strokes which impart progressively increasing deformation according to a preselected programme to the workpiece, and the residual error between the actual and desired shapes is sensed when the workpiece is unloaded between at least some of said strokes, and when the residual error falls below a first preselected value the workpiece is subjected to a further series of strokes of smaller progressive increments, according to another preselected program, and the residual error is again sensed when the workpiece is unloaded between strokes, and when the final residual error falls below a second preselected value, the operation is terminated.
- a method in which the length of each stroke is determined by an automatic control system having an input from an error senser arranged to sense the residual error when the workpiece is unloaded, and an output connected to a ram for applying the bending or straightening strokes, so as to control the length thereof, the control system including a programming section arranged to apply one of two preselected programs of increments to the output signal, depending upon whether the sensed residual error is above or below the first preselected value.
- Apparatus for straightening or applying controlled bending to an elongated workpiece including a poweroperated ram, and means for controlling the ram including a position senser for detecting the instantaneous position or shape of the workpiece, and a computer including a programming section and an information storage section, and a differentiatorarranged to compare the input signal from the position senser with a first preselected value, and to operate the ram on a first program of strokes with increasing amplitudes, until the input signal from the position senser reaches the said preselected value, and then to operate the ram on a second program of strokes which increase with smaller increments.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT3142770 | 1970-11-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3713312A true US3713312A (en) | 1973-01-30 |
Family
ID=11233619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00178190A Expired - Lifetime US3713312A (en) | 1970-11-06 | 1971-09-07 | Methods and apparatus for straightening or blending elongated workpieces |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3713312A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2133586A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2112487B2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1352910A (de) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3943746A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-03-16 | Eitel Kg., Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik | Automatic aligning process and aligning press having a single aligning station |
US3948076A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-04-06 | Eitel Kg., Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik | Automatic process and aligning apparatus having a plurality of aligning stations |
JPS5162172A (ja) * | 1974-11-29 | 1976-05-29 | Toyoda Machine Works Ltd | Hizumitorihoho |
US4408471A (en) * | 1980-10-29 | 1983-10-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Press brake having spring-back compensating adaptive control |
US4499769A (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1985-02-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Acoustic emission monitoring |
US4511976A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-04-16 | Cincinnati Incorporated | Press brake having spring back compensation stroke reversal control |
US4531391A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1985-07-30 | Ab Thorns Mekaniska Verkstad | Adaptive method and apparatus for correcting deviations in the shape of objects |
US4599878A (en) * | 1983-04-23 | 1986-07-15 | The Permanent Way Equipment Company Limited | Bending and straightening apparatus |
US4700439A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1987-10-20 | Hines Industries, Inc. | Driveshaft fabricating apparatus |
US4744302A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1988-05-17 | Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft | Mechanism for bending abutting rail section ends at rail joints in the operation of a track working machine |
US4802357A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1989-02-07 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method of compensating for springback in a workpiece |
US4813255A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1989-03-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | System for sensing and forming objects such as leads of electronic components |
US4986101A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-01-22 | Eaton Corporation | Process and apparatus for reforming brake shoes |
US5103666A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-04-14 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method of straightening the ends of elongated workpieces |
US5214947A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-06-01 | Kone Elevator Gmbh | Procedure and apparatus for checking the straightness of elevator guide rails and straightening deflections |
US20020169066A1 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2002-11-14 | Cerabio, L.L.C. | Dense porous structures for use as bone substitutes |
US10245630B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2019-04-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Smart fixture distortion correction system |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1097410B (it) * | 1978-07-26 | 1985-08-31 | Galdabini Renzo | Macchina per il raddrizzamento automatico di pezzi allungati |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3459018A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1969-08-05 | Univ Court Of The Univ Of Glas | Method of and apparatus for bending bars |
US3481170A (en) * | 1966-08-06 | 1969-12-02 | Renzo Galdabini | Method and apparatus for straightening elongated pieces |
-
1971
- 1971-07-06 DE DE19712133586 patent/DE2133586A1/de active Pending
- 1971-09-02 FR FR7131731A patent/FR2112487B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 GB GB4091771A patent/GB1352910A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-07 US US00178190A patent/US3713312A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3459018A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1969-08-05 | Univ Court Of The Univ Of Glas | Method of and apparatus for bending bars |
US3481170A (en) * | 1966-08-06 | 1969-12-02 | Renzo Galdabini | Method and apparatus for straightening elongated pieces |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3943746A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-03-16 | Eitel Kg., Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik | Automatic aligning process and aligning press having a single aligning station |
US3948076A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-04-06 | Eitel Kg., Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik | Automatic process and aligning apparatus having a plurality of aligning stations |
JPS5162172A (ja) * | 1974-11-29 | 1976-05-29 | Toyoda Machine Works Ltd | Hizumitorihoho |
JPS5234428B2 (de) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-09-03 | ||
US4408471A (en) * | 1980-10-29 | 1983-10-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Press brake having spring-back compensating adaptive control |
US4531391A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1985-07-30 | Ab Thorns Mekaniska Verkstad | Adaptive method and apparatus for correcting deviations in the shape of objects |
US4511976A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1985-04-16 | Cincinnati Incorporated | Press brake having spring back compensation stroke reversal control |
US4499769A (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1985-02-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Acoustic emission monitoring |
US4599878A (en) * | 1983-04-23 | 1986-07-15 | The Permanent Way Equipment Company Limited | Bending and straightening apparatus |
US4700439A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1987-10-20 | Hines Industries, Inc. | Driveshaft fabricating apparatus |
US4744302A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1988-05-17 | Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft | Mechanism for bending abutting rail section ends at rail joints in the operation of a track working machine |
US4813255A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1989-03-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | System for sensing and forming objects such as leads of electronic components |
US4802357A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1989-02-07 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method of compensating for springback in a workpiece |
US5103666A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-04-14 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method of straightening the ends of elongated workpieces |
US4986101A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-01-22 | Eaton Corporation | Process and apparatus for reforming brake shoes |
US5214947A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-06-01 | Kone Elevator Gmbh | Procedure and apparatus for checking the straightness of elevator guide rails and straightening deflections |
US20020169066A1 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2002-11-14 | Cerabio, L.L.C. | Dense porous structures for use as bone substitutes |
US10245630B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2019-04-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Smart fixture distortion correction system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2112487A2 (de) | 1972-06-16 |
DE2133586A1 (de) | 1972-05-10 |
FR2112487B2 (de) | 1974-09-27 |
GB1352910A (en) | 1974-05-15 |
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