US3705621A - Air-cooled heat exchanger - Google Patents

Air-cooled heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3705621A
US3705621A US156844A US3705621DA US3705621A US 3705621 A US3705621 A US 3705621A US 156844 A US156844 A US 156844A US 3705621D A US3705621D A US 3705621DA US 3705621 A US3705621 A US 3705621A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
condensate
manifold
inlet manifold
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US156844A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willem Schoonman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CB&I Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Lummus Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lummus Co filed Critical Lummus Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3705621A publication Critical patent/US3705621A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/005—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for protection against freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/197—Indirect-contact condenser including means for removing condensate from vapor flow path to bypass portion of vapor flow path

Definitions

  • No.2 156,844 end to an inlet manifold and at the other end to a collection manifold. Cooling air flows co-currently with the condensing vapor or cooling liquid, thus prevent- [52] 0.8. CI. ..l65/l12, 165/124, 165/176 ing b li and f e i [51] Int. Cl ..F28b 1/06 [58] Field of Search ..165/l1l,110,124,176,112
  • This invention comprises a design for an air cooled heat. exchanger; particularly a vapor condenser, in which subcooling of the condensate is prevented, even at low ambient temperatures.
  • the invention is not limited to use at such temperatures; it can be used in any. situation in which vapor is to be condensed by indirect heat exchange with cooling air. In fact, subcooling does not only occur at low ambient temperatures; it can take place at higher temperatures in situations in which the vapor flows at a low rate, and condensate accumulates in the tubes.
  • the invention relates to an air cooled heat exchanger for condensing vapors, comprising an inlet manifold, a first condensate manifold, a second condensate manifold, a first plurality of substantially U- shaped tubes connecting the inlet manifold to the first condensate manifold, a second plurality of substantially U-shaped tubes connecting the inlet manifold to the second condensate manifold, means for directing air to flow over the outsides of the tubes to condense vapor therein, means for draining condensate from the condensate manifolds, means for removing vapor from the condensate manifolds, the first plurality of tubes having an upstream leg connected to he inlet manifold and a downstream leg connected to the first condensate manifold, the second plurality of tubes having an upstream leg connected to the inlet manifold and a downstream leg connected to the second condensate manifold, the first and second pluralities of tubes being
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an embodiment of the invention, in a vertical arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a section of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically an inclined arrangement of two exchangers embodying the invention, with a common source of vapor.
  • the exchanger of FIGS. 1 and 2 generally comprises an inlet manifold 5, condensate manifolds 6 and 7, tubes 1 and 2, vapor outlet 8 and condensate outlet 9.
  • Tubes 1 and 2 are of a generally U-shaped configuration, with the upstream legs of the U (la, 20) connected to the corresponding downstream legs lb, 2b by bends 14, 13.
  • the tubes may be integral or composed of several sections connected together, as by welding.
  • the ends of legs 2b are connected to condensate manifold 6; the ends of legs 2a to condensate manifold 7, which is separate from, but located adjacent to manifold 6.
  • manifolds 6 and 7 are connected by a connecting pipe 11 which carries the condensate via loop seal 10 to the bottom of manifold 5, from which it is removed in outlet 9. Air and uncondensed vapor are removed from manifolds 6 and 7 through outlet 8, which connects the upper ends of both manifolds.
  • the cold air first encounters the hottest steam, in tubes la.
  • the slightly warmed air is then heat exchanged against an additional quantity of the hottest steam in tubes 2a, followed by heat exchange against condensate in tubes 2b.
  • the warmed air is heat exchanged against the coldest condensate in tubes 1b.
  • Some heat exchange may also take place between cold air and the steam in manifold 5, but this is not detrimental as it contributes to the heating of the air and the condensate thus formed can easily be removed, through outlet 9 or otherwise.
  • the tubes 1a, 2a are arranged :in what is known as a triangular pitch, that is, the tubes 2a are staggered with respect to tubes 1a so that a combination of two tubes in any row (for example row 1a) with the nearest tube in the other row (2a) forms a triangle.
  • the tubes 2b are arranged with tubes 1b in a triangular pitch. This allows for maximum use of the cold air, since that portion of the cooling air which passes between the tubes 1a will be encountered by tubes 2a.
  • the row of tubes 2a, 2b is situated within the area enclosed by the U- shape of tubes 1a, lb.
  • the exchanger may have three or more sets of tubes, each with its accompanying condensate manifold.
  • the tube bundles are preferably sloped so that the downstream legs 1b, 2b of the tubes are located at a lower level than the upstream legs 1a, 2a to permit drainage of condensate from the tubes by gravity.
  • the amount of steam condensed in the outer row of tubes 10, 1b can be appreciably higher than that condensed in tubes 20, 2b. This will result in a higher pressure drop across tubes la, lb than across tubes 2a, 2b, with an accompanying loss of sensible heat.
  • the condensate outlet construction shown in FIG. 1 enables this heat loss to be recovered by contact of exiting condensate with hot steam in the lower part of the steam manifold 5.
  • the higher level of condensate in manifold 7, resulting from the higher pressure drop in tubes la, 1b, combined with the loop seal construction 10, causes some increase in the flow of condensate, resulting in a greater heat transfer.
  • the direct contact with hot steam prevents any subcooling of the exiting condensate which might take place owing to its proximity to the coldest air.
  • the lower portion of manifold 5 can also be insulated to prevent such subcooling.
  • the condensate manifolds may be drained in any convenient manner, by separate drain pipes or by a simple common drain.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an inclined arrangement of two condensers of the present design, operating from a common vapor inlet 12.
  • the drawing depicts the vapor inlet connected to the top of vapor manifolds 5, but it may in fact be connected wherever convenient.
  • Air is supplied by fans here shown located below the exchangers, with guides 17 for guiding the air across the exchangers. The fans may also be located above the exchangers, causing air to flow over them by induced draft.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for gravity draining liquid from each of the pluralities of tubes.
  • the common liquid drain means comprises a collection pipe connected to the inlet manifold by a loop-seal structure, and means for draining liquid from the inlet manifold.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising means in the inlet manifold for bringing liquid drained from the condensate manifolds into direct heat exchange contact with vapor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US156844A 1971-06-25 1971-06-25 Air-cooled heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3705621A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15684471A 1971-06-25 1971-06-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3705621A true US3705621A (en) 1972-12-12

Family

ID=22561334

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US156844A Expired - Lifetime US3705621A (en) 1971-06-25 1971-06-25 Air-cooled heat exchanger

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3705621A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5143616B1 (xx)
AT (1) AT312018B (xx)
AU (1) AU449660B2 (xx)
BE (1) BE784157A (xx)
CA (1) CA950446A (xx)
DE (1) DE2138630C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2143403B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1341343A (xx)
IT (1) IT958000B (xx)
NL (1) NL161250C (xx)
ZA (1) ZA723386B (xx)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4985405A (xx) * 1972-12-20 1974-08-16
US3887002A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-06-03 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
US4121656A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-10-24 Ecodyne Corporation Header
US4177859A (en) * 1977-04-26 1979-12-11 Snamprogetti, S.P.A. Air condenser
US4202405A (en) * 1972-09-25 1980-05-13 Hudson Products Corporation Air cooled condenser
US4240502A (en) * 1979-11-26 1980-12-23 Hudson Products Corporation Condensing heat exchanger
US4287724A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-08 Morehouse Industries, Inc. Air chiller/drier
US4417619A (en) * 1978-06-05 1983-11-29 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4537248A (en) * 1978-06-05 1985-08-27 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4607489A (en) * 1985-05-21 1986-08-26 Mg Industries Method and apparatus for producing cold gas at a desired temperature
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
EP0369298A1 (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-23 Michael William Larinoff Freeze protected, air-cooled, vacuum steam condenser
US5145000A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-09-08 Hudson Products Corporation Steam condensate storage tank with non-freezing feature
EP0551946A1 (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-21 F.B.M.- HUDSON ITALIANA S.p.A. Vacuum steam condensing plants using air as the cooling fluid
US6286587B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2001-09-11 LANDRY ANDRé Freeze-protected heat exchanger
US10260422B2 (en) 2016-05-06 2019-04-16 United Technologies Corporation Heat temperature gradient heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52150663U (xx) * 1976-05-04 1977-11-15
DE102011050275A1 (de) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Luftbeaufschlagter Trockenkühler
KR102567416B1 (ko) * 2021-10-19 2023-08-16 금호타이어 주식회사 타이어 가황금형의 숄더부 벤트리스 플러그

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
US3598179A (en) * 1968-09-10 1971-08-10 Louis F Giauque Heat exchanger

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR553949A (fr) * 1922-07-13 1923-06-01 Perfectionnements aux appareils échangeurs de chaleur
US2238952A (en) * 1939-05-11 1941-04-22 Buensod Stacey Air Conditionin Nonfreezing heater
US2614816A (en) * 1947-02-24 1952-10-21 Engineering Controls Inc Condenser
DE942636C (de) * 1954-05-08 1956-05-03 Gea Luftkuehler Ges M B H Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung von Lufteinbruechen bei unter atmosphaerischem Unterdruck stehenden Luftkondensationsanlagen
DE1745226U (de) * 1956-12-08 1957-05-23 Gea Luftkuehler Ges M B H Luftbeaufschlagter kondensator mit kondensatorischer und dephlegmatorischer niederschlagung der brueden.
DE1786826U (de) * 1959-01-22 1959-04-16 Gea Luftkuehler Ges M B H Schocksichere kuehlerkammer.
DE1205563B (de) * 1962-09-07 1965-11-25 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Luftgekuehlter Oberflaechenkondensator
DE1289064B (de) * 1962-09-19 1969-02-13 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Luftgekuehlter Oberflaechenkondensator und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben
DE1289065B (de) * 1965-12-28 1969-02-13 Balcke Ag Maschbau Luftkondensator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
US3598179A (en) * 1968-09-10 1971-08-10 Louis F Giauque Heat exchanger

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202405A (en) * 1972-09-25 1980-05-13 Hudson Products Corporation Air cooled condenser
JPS4985405A (xx) * 1972-12-20 1974-08-16
US3887002A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-06-03 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
US4177859A (en) * 1977-04-26 1979-12-11 Snamprogetti, S.P.A. Air condenser
US4121656A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-10-24 Ecodyne Corporation Header
US4537248A (en) * 1978-06-05 1985-08-27 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4417619A (en) * 1978-06-05 1983-11-29 Sasakura Engineering Co., Ltd. Air-cooled heat exchanger
US4240502A (en) * 1979-11-26 1980-12-23 Hudson Products Corporation Condensing heat exchanger
US4287724A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-08 Morehouse Industries, Inc. Air chiller/drier
US4607489A (en) * 1985-05-21 1986-08-26 Mg Industries Method and apparatus for producing cold gas at a desired temperature
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
EP0369298A1 (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-23 Michael William Larinoff Freeze protected, air-cooled, vacuum steam condenser
US5145000A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-09-08 Hudson Products Corporation Steam condensate storage tank with non-freezing feature
EP0551946A1 (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-21 F.B.M.- HUDSON ITALIANA S.p.A. Vacuum steam condensing plants using air as the cooling fluid
US5355943A (en) * 1992-01-17 1994-10-18 Fbm Hudson Italiana S.P.A. Vacuum steam condensing plants using air as the cooling fluid
US6286587B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2001-09-11 LANDRY ANDRé Freeze-protected heat exchanger
US10260422B2 (en) 2016-05-06 2019-04-16 United Technologies Corporation Heat temperature gradient heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2138630B2 (de) 1974-03-28
NL161250C (nl) 1980-01-15
JPS5143616B1 (xx) 1976-11-24
NL7208295A (xx) 1972-12-28
AU4222372A (en) 1973-11-15
BE784157A (fr) 1972-09-18
AU449660B2 (en) 1974-06-20
AT312018B (de) 1973-12-10
CA950446A (en) 1974-07-02
NL161250B (nl) 1979-08-15
ZA723386B (en) 1973-02-28
GB1341343A (en) 1973-12-19
FR2143403A1 (xx) 1973-02-02
IT958000B (it) 1973-10-20
DE2138630A1 (de) 1973-03-01
FR2143403B1 (xx) 1977-12-23
DE2138630C3 (de) 1983-12-01

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