US3700435A - Method for making powder metallurgy shapes - Google Patents

Method for making powder metallurgy shapes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3700435A
US3700435A US120013A US3700435DA US3700435A US 3700435 A US3700435 A US 3700435A US 120013 A US120013 A US 120013A US 3700435D A US3700435D A US 3700435DA US 3700435 A US3700435 A US 3700435A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mold
compacting
heating
powder
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US120013A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vijay Kumar Chandhok
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Crucible Materials Corp
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Crucible Inc
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Publication of US3700435A publication Critical patent/US3700435A/en
Assigned to COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. reassignment COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME Assignors: CRUCIBLE CENTER COMPANY (INTO) CRUCIBLE INC. (CHANGED TO)
Assigned to CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION reassignment CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP.
Assigned to CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AS AGENT, MELLON BANK, N.A. FOR THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AND MELLON BANK N.A. reassignment CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 1ST Assignors: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Assigned to MELLON BANK, N.A. AS AGENT FOR MELLON BANK N.A. & MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION, MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION reassignment MELLON BANK, N.A. AS AGENT FOR MELLON BANK N.A. & MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 2ND Assignors: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION reassignment CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MELLON BANK, N.A.
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing

Definitions

  • a charge of powdered metal to be compacted is introduced to a mold corresponding generally to the configuration desired in the article.
  • the mold is then placed in a container having a secondary pressure media therein, which preferably completely surrounds the mold.
  • This assembly is then heated to an elevated temperature suitable for compacting, which temperature will depend generally upon the composition of the powdered metal charge to be compacted.
  • the assembly is placed 3,700,435 Patented Oct. 24, 1972 in an autoclave for compacting of the powder by the application of fluid pressure while at elevated temperature.
  • the assembly is placed in a furnace for heating and upon reaching compacting temperature is transferred to an autoclave for compacting.
  • auxiliary heat may be supplied while the article is in the autoclave.
  • the entire heating step could be conducted in the autoclave; however, this practice is not preferred because of the long times required for heating, which may be on the order of two to three hours, during which period the autoclave is not available for compacting.
  • the container interior is evacuated to remove gaseous impurities plior to compacting.
  • the container is preferably filled with an inert, low molecular weight gas such as helium or hydrogen.
  • the inert gas preferably has a molecular weight of under 28 and provides for more efficient heat conduction within the mold.
  • the gas should be one which is substantially nonreactive with the powdered metal being compacted and for this reason hydrogen and helium, by reason of their nonoxidizing character and most irnportantly, because of their low molecular weight and hence high rate of conductive heat transfer are preferred.
  • the mold for purposes of obtaining a high quality final product, should be constructed of a material that is inert with respect to the metal of the powder being compacted. For this purpose silica, zirconia, alumina and mixtures thereof as well as compatible metals and alloys are preferred for use as the mold material.
  • the mold After compacting the mold is removed from the container and secondary pressure media and then is removed from the compact by sand blasting or pickling.
  • the assembly consists of a mold 12, which may be of silica, zirconia, alumina or mixtures thereof.
  • the mold 12 is filled with a powder charge 14, of the metal or alloy desired in the final product. During filling of the mold it is customary to agitate the same so as to insure complete filling with the powder charge.
  • the mold is placed within a container 20, which may be constructed of mild, carbon steel. 'Ihe container 20 has a stem 21.
  • the container 20 is -lled with a secondary pressure media 22 which may be silica and alumina in finely divided form.
  • the secondary pressure media 22 preferably completely fills the container and surrounds the mold 12.
  • the interior is outgassed.
  • This requires the connection of the chamber interior via stem 21 to a suitable vacuum pump for removal of gaseous reaction products produced therein during heating.
  • heating to a relatively low temperature of about 400 to 500 F. is generally satisfactory.
  • the resulting compact may be characterized by the presence of detrimental oxides and other impurities which may adversely affect both bonding of the powder and the quality of the final product.
  • the chamber and mold interiors are preferably filled with an inert gas of low molecular weight such as helium or hydrogen. This reduces the time required for subsequent heating to compacting temperature.
  • the gas is removed from the interior, as by pumping, and the interior is again evacuated.
  • the stem 21 is then closed to seal the interior against the atmosphere and then the entire assembly as shown in the drawing is transferred to an autoclave for isostatic compacting by the application of uid pressure.
  • This apparatus may be that shown and described in U.S. Pat. 3,543,345, issued Dec. 1, 1970.
  • autoclave pressures on the order of 10,000 to 30,000 p.s.i. are generally used and by the combination of elevated temperature and uniform pressure application of this magnitude the powdered metal is compacted to a density of about 100% and conforms substantially to the configuration of the mold.
  • the mold 12 as shown in the drawing may be of various configurations depending upon the product to be produced.
  • a charge of MZS tool-steel powder of about minus 100 mesh was placed within a cylindrical shell-type mold constructed from alumina.
  • the mold was agitated for a short period to insure filling of the container and then it was placed within a mild steel container which was filled with silica particles to surround the mold and act as a secondary pressure media during subsequent compacting.
  • the assembly was then heated to achieve a powder charge temperature of about 100 to 200 F. at which time pumping was begun and the container and mold interiors were evacuated. Thereafter, the interior was filled with helium.
  • the assembly was then heated to achieve powder charge temperature of about 2l75 F., helium was removed and the container transferred to an autoclave and compacted by the application of fluid pressure on the order of 16,000 p.s.i. to a final density approaching 100%.
  • the final product was of excellent integrity and conformed to the cylindrical shape of the mold.
  • powder metal as used herein means both metals and alloys thereof in particle form.
  • a method for producing a powder metallurgy article comprising forming an assembly by introducing powder metal to a mold corresponding generally to the configuration of said article and placing said mold in a container sealed against the atmosphere and having a secondary pressure media therein, thereafter heating said assembly to an elevated temperature for compacting and isostatically compacting said powder by the application of fluid pressure to said assembly while at an elevated temperature.
  • a method for producing a powder metallurgy artcle comprising forming an assembly by introducing powder metal to a mold corresponding generally to the configuration of said article, said mold being constructed from a material that is inert with respect to said powder metal under conditions of heating and compacting and placing said mold in a container sealed against the atmosphere and having a secondary pressure media therein and surrounding said mold, thereafter evacuating said mold interior and heating said assembly to an elevated temperature, and isostatically compacting said powder by the application of fluid pressure to said assembly while at elevated temperature.
  • said fluid pressure media is an inert gas selected from the group consisting of helium, argon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
  • a method for producing a powder metallurgy article comprising introducing powder metal to a mold corresponding generally to the configuration of said article, said mold being constructed from a material that is inert with respect to said powder metal under conditions of subsequent heating and compacting, placing said mold in a container having a solid-form secondary pressure media therein and surrounding said mold, heating said mold and container, evacuating the interiors of said mold and container, filling said interior of said mold and container with an inert gas, heating said mold and container in a furnace to increase the temperature of said powder metal above a selected compacting temperature, removing said inert gas, sealing the container against the atmosphere, transferring said container and mold therein to a fluid pressure vessel and compacting said powder metal by the application of iiuid pressure while at a temperature above said selected compacting temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
US120013A 1971-03-01 1971-03-01 Method for making powder metallurgy shapes Expired - Lifetime US3700435A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12001371A 1971-03-01 1971-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3700435A true US3700435A (en) 1972-10-24

Family

ID=22387744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US120013A Expired - Lifetime US3700435A (en) 1971-03-01 1971-03-01 Method for making powder metallurgy shapes

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3700435A (de)
JP (1) JPS5118202B1 (de)
AT (1) AT328199B (de)
CA (1) CA962414A (de)
DE (1) DE2200066C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2128306B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1335489A (de)
IT (1) IT948245B (de)
SE (1) SE382929B (de)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841870A (en) * 1973-03-07 1974-10-15 Carpenter Technology Corp Method of making articles from powdered material requiring forming at high temperature
US3893852A (en) * 1972-06-12 1975-07-08 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing billets from powder
US3982934A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-28 United Technologies Corporation Method of forming uniform density articles from powder metals
US3992200A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-16 Crucible Inc. Method of hot pressing using a getter
DE2724524A1 (de) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08 Kelsey Hayes Co Behaelter zum heissverdichten von pulver
US4104061A (en) * 1976-10-21 1978-08-01 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Powder metallurgy
DE2913623A1 (de) * 1978-04-05 1979-10-11 Cyclops Corp Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren
DE2915831A1 (de) * 1978-05-02 1979-11-15 Asea Ab Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus einem pulverfoermigen material
US4419551A (en) * 1977-05-27 1983-12-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum circuit interrupter and method of producing the same
US4446100A (en) * 1979-12-11 1984-05-01 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing an object of metallic or ceramic material
US4478789A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-10-23 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing an object of metallic or ceramic material
US4593776A (en) * 1984-03-28 1986-06-10 Smith International, Inc. Rock bits having metallurgically bonded cutter inserts
US4744943A (en) * 1986-12-08 1988-05-17 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the densification of material preforms
US4747999A (en) * 1986-03-21 1988-05-31 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Powder metallurgical method
US4772450A (en) * 1984-07-25 1988-09-20 Trw Inc. Methods of forming powdered metal articles
US4808224A (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-02-28 Ceracon, Inc. Method of consolidating FeNdB magnets
US4853178A (en) * 1988-11-17 1989-08-01 Ceracon, Inc. Electrical heating of graphite grain employed in consolidation of objects
US4915605A (en) * 1989-05-11 1990-04-10 Ceracon, Inc. Method of consolidation of powder aluminum and aluminum alloys
US4933140A (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-06-12 Ceracon, Inc. Electrical heating of graphite grain employed in consolidation of objects
US4975414A (en) * 1989-11-13 1990-12-04 Ceracon, Inc. Rapid production of bulk shapes with improved physical and superconducting properties
US4980340A (en) * 1988-02-22 1990-12-25 Ceracon, Inc. Method of forming superconductor
EP0287740B1 (de) * 1987-04-20 1993-04-14 Howmet Corporation Verfahren zur verhinderung von Rekristallisation während des isostatischen Heisspressens
US5374392A (en) * 1991-12-04 1994-12-20 The Dow Chemical Company Process for densification of powdered ceramics and cermets at temperatures above 1400 degrees centigrade
US5623727A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-04-22 Vawter; Paul Method for manufacturing powder metallurgical tooling
US5770136A (en) * 1995-08-07 1998-06-23 Huang; Xiaodi Method for consolidating powdered materials to near net shape and full density
US6042780A (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-03-28 Huang; Xiaodi Method for manufacturing high performance components
US10583486B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2020-03-10 Honeywell International Inc. Hot isostatic pressing apparatus and hot isostatic pressing methods for reducing surface-area chemical degradation on an article of manufacture

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5164711U (de) * 1974-11-15 1976-05-21
GB1557744A (en) * 1976-06-01 1979-12-12 Special Metals Corp Process and apparatus for producing aticles of complex shape
US4414028A (en) * 1979-04-11 1983-11-08 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Method of and apparatus for sintering a mass of particles with a powdery mold
SE425360B (sv) * 1979-05-07 1982-09-27 Asea Ab Sett vid isostatisk pressning av pulver for framstellning av foremal av keramiskt eller metalliskt material
SE426790B (sv) * 1980-04-25 1983-02-14 Asea Ab Forfarande for isostatisk pressning av pulver i en kapsel
SE460461B (sv) * 1983-02-23 1989-10-16 Metal Alloys Inc Foerfarande foer varm isostatisk pressning av en metallisk eller keramisk kropp i en baedd av tryckoeverfoerande partiklar
GB2151261A (en) * 1983-12-14 1985-07-17 Rolls Royce Recovery of machine swarthy hot isostatic pressing
DE3517494A1 (de) * 1985-05-15 1986-11-20 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Verfahren zum konturnahen isostatpressen
EP1620197B1 (de) * 2003-04-23 2009-07-01 Volvo Aero Corporation Verfahren zur verhinderung der verunreinigung eines werkstücks

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2725288A (en) * 1952-08-26 1955-11-29 Harry W Dodds Process and apparatus for fabricating metallic articles
US3419935A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-01-07 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Hot-isostatic-pressing apparatus

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3893852A (en) * 1972-06-12 1975-07-08 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing billets from powder
US3841870A (en) * 1973-03-07 1974-10-15 Carpenter Technology Corp Method of making articles from powdered material requiring forming at high temperature
US3982934A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-28 United Technologies Corporation Method of forming uniform density articles from powder metals
US3992200A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-16 Crucible Inc. Method of hot pressing using a getter
DE2724524A1 (de) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08 Kelsey Hayes Co Behaelter zum heissverdichten von pulver
US4104061A (en) * 1976-10-21 1978-08-01 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Powder metallurgy
US4419551A (en) * 1977-05-27 1983-12-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum circuit interrupter and method of producing the same
US4227927A (en) * 1978-04-05 1980-10-14 Cyclops Corporation, Universal-Cyclops Specialty Steel Division Powder metallurgy
DE2913623A1 (de) * 1978-04-05 1979-10-11 Cyclops Corp Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren
DE2915831A1 (de) * 1978-05-02 1979-11-15 Asea Ab Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus einem pulverfoermigen material
US4446100A (en) * 1979-12-11 1984-05-01 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing an object of metallic or ceramic material
US4478789A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-10-23 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing an object of metallic or ceramic material
US4593776A (en) * 1984-03-28 1986-06-10 Smith International, Inc. Rock bits having metallurgically bonded cutter inserts
US4772450A (en) * 1984-07-25 1988-09-20 Trw Inc. Methods of forming powdered metal articles
US4747999A (en) * 1986-03-21 1988-05-31 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Powder metallurgical method
US4744943A (en) * 1986-12-08 1988-05-17 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the densification of material preforms
EP0287740B1 (de) * 1987-04-20 1993-04-14 Howmet Corporation Verfahren zur verhinderung von Rekristallisation während des isostatischen Heisspressens
US4808224A (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-02-28 Ceracon, Inc. Method of consolidating FeNdB magnets
US4980340A (en) * 1988-02-22 1990-12-25 Ceracon, Inc. Method of forming superconductor
US4853178A (en) * 1988-11-17 1989-08-01 Ceracon, Inc. Electrical heating of graphite grain employed in consolidation of objects
US4933140A (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-06-12 Ceracon, Inc. Electrical heating of graphite grain employed in consolidation of objects
US4915605A (en) * 1989-05-11 1990-04-10 Ceracon, Inc. Method of consolidation of powder aluminum and aluminum alloys
US4975414A (en) * 1989-11-13 1990-12-04 Ceracon, Inc. Rapid production of bulk shapes with improved physical and superconducting properties
US5374392A (en) * 1991-12-04 1994-12-20 The Dow Chemical Company Process for densification of powdered ceramics and cermets at temperatures above 1400 degrees centigrade
US5770136A (en) * 1995-08-07 1998-06-23 Huang; Xiaodi Method for consolidating powdered materials to near net shape and full density
US5623727A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-04-22 Vawter; Paul Method for manufacturing powder metallurgical tooling
US6042780A (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-03-28 Huang; Xiaodi Method for manufacturing high performance components
US10583486B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2020-03-10 Honeywell International Inc. Hot isostatic pressing apparatus and hot isostatic pressing methods for reducing surface-area chemical degradation on an article of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT328199B (de) 1976-03-10
IT948245B (it) 1973-05-30
FR2128306B1 (de) 1974-09-13
DE2200066A1 (de) 1972-09-14
CA962414A (en) 1975-02-11
DE2200066B2 (de) 1974-11-14
FR2128306A1 (de) 1972-10-20
ATA16072A (de) 1975-05-15
DE2200066C3 (de) 1979-11-29
SE382929B (sv) 1976-02-23
GB1335489A (en) 1973-10-31
JPS5118202B1 (de) 1976-06-08

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AS Assignment

Owner name: COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP.

Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE CENTER COMPANY (INTO) CRUCIBLE INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004120/0308

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