US3698370A - Transparent internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Transparent internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3698370A
US3698370A US69246A US3698370DA US3698370A US 3698370 A US3698370 A US 3698370A US 69246 A US69246 A US 69246A US 3698370D A US3698370D A US 3698370DA US 3698370 A US3698370 A US 3698370A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder wall
piston
engine
accordance
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US69246A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles W Haldeman
Vahan V Basmajian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Megatech Corp USA
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Megatech Corp USA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Megatech Corp USA filed Critical Megatech Corp USA
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Publication of US3698370A publication Critical patent/US3698370A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B65/00—Adaptations of engines for special uses not provided for in groups F02B61/00 or F02B63/00; Combinations of engines with other devices, e.g. with non-driven apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F2007/0092—Transparent materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S123/00—Internal-combustion engines
    • Y10S123/03—Model

Definitions

  • An operative internal combustion engine is transparent for demonstration of internal combustion engine principles.
  • a transparent cylinder houses a noncontacting piston, the combustion chamber being sealed by means such as protruding annular teflon rings seated in an annular groove of the piston or a flexible flap formed integrally with the piston which is pressed firmly to the internal surface of the cylinder wall by pressure developed within the combustion chamber during operation of the engine.
  • Other portions of the engine are transparent to enable their contained parts to be observed during operation.
  • the engine also has an enlarged flywheel to permit operation of the engine at low, observable speeds.
  • the invention burns low carbon fuels such as alcohol to keep the cylinder walls clean and operate without polluting the air.
  • an internal combustion engine includes piston means and means defining a cylinder wall surrounding the piston means made of transparent material so that operation of thepiston, valves and spark gap may be visually observed as the engine operates.
  • Means are provided for coacting with the piston and the cylinder wall to seal the combustion chamber without oil. According to one aspect of the invention this is accomplished with at least one set of rings made of material having a low coefficient of friction, such as Teflon attached to the piston and'sealing the region between the piston and the cylinder wall, there being means for supporting the piston to permit relative axial displacement with the cylinder wall while being radially spaced from the cylinder wall in noncontacting relationship.
  • the preferred and'alternate piston seal comprises at least one split piston ring of high temperature elastomeric seated in an annular groove in the piston to keep. friction low while the rings have enough resiliency to force them against the cylinder wall and keep the combustion chamber sealed.
  • the piston may be metal.
  • the piston is fabricated from high temperature material, which may be plastic such as Teflon or 0 tetrafluoroethylene and having an annular groove formed in its upper face near the periphery of the piston to define a somewhat flexible circumferentially continuous flap which bears against the inner surface of the cylinder wall to seal the region between the piston and the cylinder wall.
  • the annular groove formed in the upper face near the periphery of the piston preferably accommodate a thin flexible leaf spring for augmenting the pressure force that helps the flap seal the combustion chamber on the suction stroke. Increasing pressure inside the combustion chamber urges the flap toward the cylinder wall. 7
  • the flywheel is quite massive relative to the cylinder and piston to help establish continuous operation at low speeds, thereby allowing operation of the engine to be inspected visually.
  • the engine may burn low carbon fuel, such as alcohol, so that the transparent portions remain clean to permit visual observation and the engine exhaust negligibly pollutes the air, thereby allowing operation of the invention indoors.
  • low carbon fuel such as alcohol
  • the cylinder comprises a high temperature glass composition coated with a thin film of high temperature plastic, such as fluoroethylene polymer for absorbing energy and confining fragments should accidental damage occur to this cylinder.
  • high temperature plastic such as fluoroethylene polymer
  • piston and cylinder seal combination An important feature of the piston and cylinder seal combination according to the invention is that the piston does not contact the cylinder wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view through section 11 of the engine shown in plan view in FIG. 2.
  • This embodiment of the invention includes all the essential elements of a four-cycle internal combustion engine.
  • the internal moving parts of the engine comprise conventional materials ordinarily used in constructing engines.
  • the various housings, such as the cylinder, the intake and exhaust manifolds, the distributor housing, the carburetor housing and certain areas of the crankcase comprise transparent materials, such as an appropriate plastic or glass, or combinations thereof, to expose the internal moving parts to view. Since internal combustion engines are well known in the art, the detailed description which follows will, to the extent practical, omit mention of details wellknown in the art so as to avoid obscuring principles of the invention.
  • the same reference symbols designate corresponding elements.
  • the engine includes an internal crankcase and engine block in which the crankshaft 12 is journaled.
  • Metallic bearings 14 may be provided to support the crankshaft 12.
  • An enlarged flywheel 16 is connected to the outwardly projecting end of the crankshaft 12, the flywheel 16 being of a mass which is substantially greater than would normally be required in an operative one-cylinder engine so that the engine may be operated steadily at low speeds to permit visual observation of theinternal combustion process. 8
  • a shoulder 18 is formed about an opening 20 in the crankcase 10 and receives the cylinder 22.
  • the cylinder 22 is sealed resiliently to the crankcase 10 by resilient gasket 24 which permits limited expansion and contraction of the cylinder 22 with respect to the crankcase 10 to preclude undue stressing of these parts during operation.
  • the cylinder 22 is fastened securely to the crankcase 10 by a number of bolts 26 which pass downwardly through the cylinder head 28, about the cylinder 22 and which are screwed into the crankcase 10.
  • the cylinder 22 is fabricated from any one of a number of commercially available high temperature glass compositions which can withstand the temperatures and pressures generated with the combustion chamber 30.
  • the engine also includes a piston rod 32 and piston 34 which are connected in the usual manner.
  • the cylinder head 28 includes an upper head plate 36 and a lower head plate 38 which are formed from brass or aluminum.
  • the upper and lower plates 36 and 38 are separated and spaced vertically by spacer bushings 40 which also receive the bolts 26.
  • the cylinder 22 and upper and lower head plates 36, 38 are secured together and to the crankcase 10 by upper and lower nuts 42, 44 which are threaded about their respective bolts and bear downwardly against the upper and lower head plates 36, 38 respectively.
  • the head 28 includes overhead intake and exhaust valves 46, 48 which extend downwardly through the head plates 36, 38 and seat at the underside of the lower head plate 38.
  • the exhaust valve 48 is biased in a normally closed position by a spring 50 and keepers 52,
  • the exhaust valve is operated by the exhaust cam 58 (see FIG. 2).
  • the inlet valve 46 also is biased in a normally closed configuration by a relatively small spring 60 and its associated keepers 62, 64.
  • the intake spring 60 is designed so that it will maintain the intake valve in a normally closed position but will open in response to the reduced pressure in the combustion chamber 30 as the piston 34 travels downwardly to begin the intake stroke.
  • the intake valve could also be cam operated.
  • the carburetor 66 is mounted beneath an extension of the upper head plate 36. Fuel is stored in the fuel tank 67 which is mounted on top of the upper head plate 36. Fuel flows from the tank 67 to the carburetor through the conduit 69.
  • the fuel-air mixture is directed to the inlet port by a T- shaped manifold 68 which has a vertically disposed portion surrounding the intake valve 46 between the upper and lower head plates 36, 38.
  • the ends of the vertical portion of the inlet manifold 68 are sealed to the upper and lower head plates 36, 38 by resilient gaskets 70.
  • the manifold 68 also is formed from transparent glass to permit the action of the valve within to be viewed during operation.
  • the exhaust valve 48 has a similar T-shaped exhaust manifold 72 which is retained between the upper and lower head plates 36, 38 in surrounding relation to the exhaust valve stem.
  • the exhaust manifold 72 similarly is sealed between the upper and lower head plates 36, 38 by resilient gaskets 74.
  • the upper end of the cylinder 22 fits somewhat loosely within a shoulder 76 formed within the underside of the lower head plate 38.
  • a resilient gasket 78 is disposed between the mating ends of the cylinder 22 and lower head plate 38 to permit limited flexure therebetween as a result of any expansion or contraction of these parts during operation.
  • the engine also includes a spark plug 79 and magneto or distributor 81 which function in the usual manner.
  • An important aspect of the invention resides in the construction of the piston 34 to effect a seal between .the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder to enable engine operation and permit observation of the piston and combustion chamber without scratching or scoring the inner cylinder wall.
  • the piston is thus made of material which if allowed to contact the cylinder wall directly would damage the cylinder wall while the means for effecting a seal between the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder and for radially spacing the piston from the cylinder wall in noncontacting relationship prevent damage to the cylinder wall.
  • the piston 34 is formed from a heat-resistant, flexible material, such as tetrafluoroethylene, or Teflon.
  • the upper surface of the piston 34 is formed to define a somewhat deep annular groove which is exposed to the combustion chamber 30.
  • the groove preferably is tapered, as shown, and defines a relatively thin continuous flap 82 about the upper periphery of the piston 34.
  • the outer surface of the piston is undercut circumferentially, as indicated by the reference character 84 about the region of the flap 82 to provide greater freedom of flexure for the flap 82.
  • the increased pressures which develop within the combustion chamber tend to urge the flap 82 into firm engagement with the inner surface of the cylinder 22, thus effecting the desired seal.
  • the lower circumferential regions of the piston below the undercut portion 84 are cylindrical and mate smoothly with the inner surface of the cylinder 22 to seal the piston from the bottom.
  • the invention provides an internal combustion engine of transparent construction to permit the operation of its internal parts to be visually inspected while the engine burns fuel in an actual combustion process that emits negligible pollution.
  • the invention includes an improved seal between the piston and the transparent cylinder which will not mar the cylinder or otherwise reduce its transparent qualities while sustaining the combustion process.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 there are shown perspective views of a preferred embodiment of the invention. Since this embodiment of the inventionis essentially the same as the embodiment described in connection with FIGS. land 2, except for the piston-to-cylinder wall sealing arrangement, the discussion which follows will omit much of the detail set forth above. Referring to FIG. 3. there are shown certain additional features.
  • This embodiment of the invention includes first and second flywheels in flywheel housings 101 and 102, respectively, to facilitate having exceptionally high inertia in a relatively compact structure while further facilitating observing the engine operation.
  • the housing includes a front cover plate 103 having vertical ribs that permits observation of the crankshaft 12 and other internal elements while providing additional protection against fingers getting in.
  • the housing 10 also includes the rear transparent cover plate 104 that facilitates observing operation of the camshaft and valve lifters, as best seen in FIG. 4.,
  • cylinder wall 22 is inside a strong transparent plastic tube 105 supported between horizontal arms 106 and 107 to further protect against injury should the cylinder wall 22, explode.
  • cylinder wall 22 is preferably coated with a thin plastic layer so that even if it did explode, the chances of sharp pieces of glass being projected are minimized.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Still another feature of the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 is the provision of cooling fins, such as 108. Such fins may also be located adjacent to the other side of spark plug 79 facing the front.
  • This embodiment also includes an ignition switch 111, terminals 112 to which a battery is connected and terminals 113 to which a coil is connected. With the battery and coil connected, switch 111 is turned on. A pull rope isthen wrapped around pulley 114 attached to the crankshaft and pulled to start the engine. Mixture and fuel controls to control acceleration are conventional and not illustrated here.
  • An important feature of this embodiment of the invention comprises the piston ring construction in which the piston is made of metal of diameter less than the inside diameter of the cylinder wall, and the sole contact between the cylinder wall and the piston assembly is with the piston rings.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a sectional view through piston 34 of FIG. 3 and cylinder wall 22.
  • piston rings 121 and 122 are visible in FIG. 3; however, the relationship of the piston assembly to the cylinder wall is best seen in FIG. 5.
  • Upper piston rings 121 and lower piston rings 122 are made of plastic material having a low coefficient of.
  • the sealing rings such as rings 121 and 122 are thus made of resilient self-lubricating material having a low coefficient of friction.
  • the piston cylinder 123 may be made of metal and formed with annular recesses at the top and bottom as indicated for accommodating upper ring pair 121 and lower ring pair 122. These recesses also accomrnodate springs 124 and 125, which may be accordion springs that urge piston rings 121 and 122 firmly against the cylinder wall.
  • a gap between the metal piston 123 and the inside wall of cylinder 22 insures no contact between piston and cylinder wall.
  • two nonsealing brazed rings above and below the sealing rings can be provided in respective annular grooves.
  • a wrist pin bearing 126 accommodates a wrist pin127 through which connecting rod 32 is attached to the piston, wrist pin 127 being held in place by retaining ring 128 in a conventional manner.
  • piston rings 121 and 122 effect a good seal between the cylinder 123 and cylinder 22 while providing bearing surfaces along which the piston 34 rides.
  • the seal is sufficient so that the combustion chamber above may develop adequate pressure to move piston 34 down after ignition while developing an adequate drop in pressure during the intake stroke to draw an adequate mixture into the combustion chamber. All these results are accomplished while avoiding the liquid lubrication used in conventional internal combustion engines, something that would be especially disadvantageous for the purposes of the invention because the fluid might well obscure or distort the desired view of the operating cycle.
  • An operative internal combustion engine for displaying the operative relationship among elements thereof comprising,
  • the latter means also comprising means for establishing a dry lubricating relationship with said cylinder wall as said piston reciprocates therein during engine operation,
  • said engine being free from liquid lubrication inside said cylinder wall, said means for sealing said combustion chamber comprising at least one sealing ring made of resilient self-lubricating material having a low coefficient of friction attached to said piston means and sealing the region between said piston means and said cylinder wall, said engine including first means on said piston means for supporting said piston means to permit relative axial displacement with said cylinder wall and means cooperating with said first means and said piston means for radially spacing said piston from said cylinder wall in noncontacting relationship therewith,
  • said piston means made of material which if allowed to contact the cylinder wall directly would damage said cylinder wall while said sealing ring and said means for radially spacing prevent damage to said cylinder wall.
  • said piston means is made of high temperature material and formed with an annular groove formed in its upper face near the periphery of said piston means to define a somewhat flexible circumferentially continuous flap which bears against said cylinder wall to seal the region between said piston means and said cylinder wall,
  • flywheel means having a moment of inertia sufficiently high for slowing the operating rate of said engine to enable visual observation of the operation of the parts thereof.
  • said flywheel means comprises two flywheels on opposite sides of said engine.
  • valve means biasing said valve means in a closed position.
  • a method of operating the internal combustion engine of claim 1 which method includes the steps of supplying to said combustion chamber a mixture of aid and fuel characterized by combustion products substantially free of material that would coat said cylinder wall to reduce the transparency thereof,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US69246A 1970-09-03 1970-09-03 Transparent internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3698370A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6924670A 1970-09-03 1970-09-03

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US3698370A true US3698370A (en) 1972-10-17

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US69246A Expired - Lifetime US3698370A (en) 1970-09-03 1970-09-03 Transparent internal combustion engine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3698370A (de)
JP (1) JPS5414525B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1071399A (de)
DE (1) DE2144016C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2107197A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1345279A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4446827A (en) * 1980-06-21 1984-05-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Cylinder block of internal combustion engine
US4644911A (en) * 1983-10-07 1987-02-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cylinder block for internal combustion engine
FR2777629A1 (fr) * 1998-04-17 1999-10-22 Funglass Carter, en particulier de moteur ou de transmission, notamment pour vehicule ou machine de travaux agraires
EP1176411A1 (de) * 2000-07-28 2002-01-30 Institut Francais Du Petrole Optisch optimierte Maschine für Testzwecke, insbesondere zum Messen von Verbrennungsparametern
US20060078852A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-04-13 Joseph Limkemann Air brake training tool
WO2011054272A1 (zh) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 光学发动机的冷却方法及装置
US20130203040A1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2013-08-08 Lg Electronics Inc. Miniature of washing machine for exhibition
US20150233246A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2015-08-20 Exoes Steam engine electricity production assembly
CN108457767A (zh) * 2018-03-19 2018-08-28 宁波市鄞州德来特技术有限公司 一种光学发动机及其工作方法
CN110189613A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-30 湖南铁路科技职业技术学院 一种透明酒精内燃机模型

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006058285B4 (de) * 2006-12-08 2009-04-16 Technische Universität München Druckkammer und Verfahren zu deren optischer Überwachung

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190702428A (en) * 1907-01-31 1907-08-29 Thomas Pickles Improvements in Schreinering Apparatus for Fabrics
US1537042A (en) * 1920-04-14 1925-05-05 W M Welch Mfg Company Toy gas engine
US1818240A (en) * 1927-08-25 1931-08-11 Jacque C Morrell Process for improving fuel and air mixtures for internal combustion engines
US2407718A (en) * 1942-08-31 1946-09-17 Standard Oil Co Aviation superfuel
US2496623A (en) * 1947-04-18 1950-02-07 John E Fragale Two-stroke cycle internal-combustion engine
US2671983A (en) * 1951-07-13 1954-03-16 Nosco Plastics Toy airplane
US2919688A (en) * 1958-06-04 1960-01-05 Gen Motors Corp Cylinder and piston assembly

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE502960C (de) * 1928-01-05 1930-07-21 Moore Inv S Corp Gemischverdichtende Brennkraftmaschine
FR1333235A (fr) * 1962-06-16 1963-07-26 Piston jointif d'une seule pièce moulé en matière plastique pour seringue à utiliser une seule fois
DE1286807B (de) * 1966-04-05 1969-01-09 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg Heissluftmotor bzw. Waermepumpe nach dem Stirling-Prinzip

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190702428A (en) * 1907-01-31 1907-08-29 Thomas Pickles Improvements in Schreinering Apparatus for Fabrics
US1537042A (en) * 1920-04-14 1925-05-05 W M Welch Mfg Company Toy gas engine
US1818240A (en) * 1927-08-25 1931-08-11 Jacque C Morrell Process for improving fuel and air mixtures for internal combustion engines
US2407718A (en) * 1942-08-31 1946-09-17 Standard Oil Co Aviation superfuel
US2496623A (en) * 1947-04-18 1950-02-07 John E Fragale Two-stroke cycle internal-combustion engine
US2671983A (en) * 1951-07-13 1954-03-16 Nosco Plastics Toy airplane
US2919688A (en) * 1958-06-04 1960-01-05 Gen Motors Corp Cylinder and piston assembly

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4446827A (en) * 1980-06-21 1984-05-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Cylinder block of internal combustion engine
US4644911A (en) * 1983-10-07 1987-02-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cylinder block for internal combustion engine
FR2777629A1 (fr) * 1998-04-17 1999-10-22 Funglass Carter, en particulier de moteur ou de transmission, notamment pour vehicule ou machine de travaux agraires
EP1176411A1 (de) * 2000-07-28 2002-01-30 Institut Francais Du Petrole Optisch optimierte Maschine für Testzwecke, insbesondere zum Messen von Verbrennungsparametern
FR2812392A1 (fr) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-01 Inst Francais Du Petrole Moteur optique pour essais, en particulier pour mesures sur les parametres de combustion
US6561152B2 (en) 2000-07-28 2003-05-13 Institut Francais Du Petrole Optical test engine, in particular for combustion parameters measurements
US20060078852A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-04-13 Joseph Limkemann Air brake training tool
WO2011054272A1 (zh) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 光学发动机的冷却方法及装置
US20130203040A1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2013-08-08 Lg Electronics Inc. Miniature of washing machine for exhibition
US9189970B2 (en) * 2010-10-14 2015-11-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Miniature of washing machine for exhibition
US20150233246A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2015-08-20 Exoes Steam engine electricity production assembly
CN108457767A (zh) * 2018-03-19 2018-08-28 宁波市鄞州德来特技术有限公司 一种光学发动机及其工作方法
CN108457767B (zh) * 2018-03-19 2023-11-03 宁波市鄞州德来特技术有限公司 一种光学发动机及其工作方法
CN110189613A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-30 湖南铁路科技职业技术学院 一种透明酒精内燃机模型

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2107197A5 (de) 1972-05-05
CA1071399A (en) 1980-02-12
DE2144016A1 (de) 1972-03-09
JPS5414525B1 (de) 1979-06-07
GB1345279A (en) 1974-01-30
DE2144016C2 (de) 1983-07-28

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