US3694310A - Fuel cell organic fiber matrix - Google Patents

Fuel cell organic fiber matrix Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694310A
US3694310A US98791A US3694310DA US3694310A US 3694310 A US3694310 A US 3694310A US 98791 A US98791 A US 98791A US 3694310D A US3694310D A US 3694310DA US 3694310 A US3694310 A US 3694310A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
matrix
wettable
phenolic
resin
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US98791A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger C Emanuelson
Robert C Stewart
Raymond W Vine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Aircraft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Aircraft Corp filed Critical United Aircraft Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3694310A publication Critical patent/US3694310A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
    • H01M8/0293—Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491—Porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • a wettable organic liber matrix is provided by coating phenolic resin fibers with a phenolic beater addition resin forming the matrix, curing the beater addition resin, and making the matrix wettable by heating the matrix in air or in a partially inert atmosphere.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce an increased strength, extremely uniform, thin, Wettable matrix of phenolic resin fibers having the required pore size.
  • the above and other objects and advantages are achieved by coating phenolic resin fibers with a phenolic beater addition resin before forming the matrix, curing the beater addition resin after the matrix has been formed, and making the matrix wettable by heating it in an oven in either air or a partially inert atmosphere at a temperature of about 500 F. to about 250 F. for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 500 hours, depending on the temperature to which the matrix is heated.
  • this time-temperature relationship may be expressed mathematically by the general formula:
  • K a constant
  • the value of the constants a and b appear to depend somewhat on the conditions in the particular oven being utilized during the heating process, such as, for example, air circulation in the oven and dew point.
  • a matrix will be made Wettable if x (temperature) and y (time) are selected such that the expression is less than or substantially equal to one. Due to the differing conditions within various ovens, some tolerance must be allowed in the determination of the constants a and b used in the above expression. Also, in differing ovens, a Wettable matrix may be produced if temperature (x) and time (y) are selected such that the expression is equal to up to about 1.5..
  • the temperature and time are critical and must be selected so that the point determined by their values falls on or to its right of the curve shown in the figure. That is, in effect, saying that the expression BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • the sole figure is a graphical illustration of the timetemperature relationship of the process of making the phenolic resin coated phenolic fiber matrix wettable.
  • the resin Upon addition of the acidifying agent to the fiber-resin suspension the resin precipitates out of solution and forms a colloidal emulsion. As additional acidic precipitant is added, the emulsion breaks at a pH of about 4.5 and the resin is absorbed on to the liber surfaces in the form of minute droplets of microscopic size. These droplets coalesce and form a lm which partially coats each ber. When water is removed in a standard paper making technique or by a conventional filtration method, the resin surfaces are brought close together and the bers bond to each other, thus forming the desired ber matrix. 'I'he mat may then be air dried to evaporate the Water. The mat is then heated to a temperature of about 290310 F.
  • the phenolic beater addition resin coating on the ber results in a chemical bonding of the bers producing a uniform, strong matrix with an average pore size of about microns; an uncoated ber matrix, by comparison, has an extremely weak structure with a nonuniform and relatively large pore size range. It has been found advantageous to place the matrix on a nickel screen when the matrix is cured in air.
  • the matrix can also be cured by suspending it in a nitrogen (or other inert gas) atmosphere and curing according to the time and temperature given above.
  • the matrix produced according to the above process is heated in an oven in air, with the time and temperature being selected such that the expression is less than or substantially equal to about one to 1.5, where x is the temperature F.) and y is the time (hr.).
  • the upper limit for temperature is about 500 F. Above that temperature the phenolic ber ignites. Therefore, if it were desired to use a higher temperature in the wettability process, an inert gas atmosphere would have to be utilized in the oven to prevent ignition.
  • the preferred wettability process takes place at 450 F. L5 and is accomplished in less than one hour, making it an ideal technique for the rapid production of wettable matrices for fuel cells.
  • a method for making a wettable organic ber matrix for electrochemical cells comprising:
  • K a constant Whose value is less than or equal to n 1.5 (one and ve tenths).
  • the value of the constant b is about 446.7 (four hundred forty-six and seven tenths).
  • the value of the constant K is equal to or less than about one.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US98791A 1970-12-16 1970-12-16 Fuel cell organic fiber matrix Expired - Lifetime US3694310A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9879170A 1970-12-16 1970-12-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3694310A true US3694310A (en) 1972-09-26

Family

ID=22270916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US98791A Expired - Lifetime US3694310A (en) 1970-12-16 1970-12-16 Fuel cell organic fiber matrix

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3694310A (cs)
AU (1) AU3481671A (cs)
BR (1) BR7107828D0 (cs)
CA (1) CA969602A (cs)
DE (1) DE2155283A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2117863A1 (cs)
IT (1) IT943983B (cs)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953236A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-04-27 Kanebo Kabushiki Kaisha Lead storage battery
US4173662A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Process for forming a fuel cell matrix
US4186065A (en) * 1978-04-27 1980-01-29 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of preparing a resin-containing asbestos diaphragm
US4252868A (en) * 1978-03-07 1981-02-24 Licentia Patent Verwaltung Gmbh Fuel cell construction and method of manufacturing a fuel cell
RU2384826C1 (ru) * 2008-12-10 2010-03-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Устройство для измерения звукового давления

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2579025B1 (fr) * 1985-03-15 1987-04-10 Occidental Chem Co Pile a combustible a separation amelioree

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953236A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-04-27 Kanebo Kabushiki Kaisha Lead storage battery
US4173662A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Process for forming a fuel cell matrix
US4252868A (en) * 1978-03-07 1981-02-24 Licentia Patent Verwaltung Gmbh Fuel cell construction and method of manufacturing a fuel cell
US4186065A (en) * 1978-04-27 1980-01-29 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of preparing a resin-containing asbestos diaphragm
RU2384826C1 (ru) * 2008-12-10 2010-03-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Устройство для измерения звукового давления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT943983B (it) 1973-04-10
AU3481671A (en) 1973-05-03
DE2155283A1 (de) 1972-08-24
BR7107828D0 (pt) 1973-02-15
FR2117863A1 (cs) 1972-07-28
CA969602A (en) 1975-06-17

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