US3690135A - Die pad for extruding hot metals - Google Patents

Die pad for extruding hot metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3690135A
US3690135A US29089A US3690135DA US3690135A US 3690135 A US3690135 A US 3690135A US 29089 A US29089 A US 29089A US 3690135D A US3690135D A US 3690135DA US 3690135 A US3690135 A US 3690135A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fibers
die pad
pad
die
glass
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Expired - Lifetime
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US29089A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence Vincent Gagin
Glenn Ralph Hull
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Johns Manville Corp
Johns Manville
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Johns Manville
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/047—Extruding with other step

Definitions

  • Fusible materials have been inserted between the billet and die so that the lubricant material is in contact with the billet and continuously melts and flows through the die along the extruded object.
  • Glass plates have been employed both individually and in conjunction with cushioning'glass fiber parcels as disclosed in Sejournet U.S. Pat. No. 2,630,220 issued Mar. 21, 1953. Sejournet offered no disclosure of the glass composition constituting the fiber parcel, how the fibers are bonded, or its density and suggested that as the glass plate thickness was reduced, the glass fiber parcel thickness should be increased. Glass in the form of a powder agglomerated by a binder such as sodium silicate into a disc was suggested as a lubricant for extruding hot metals in Edgecornbe U.S. Pat. No.
  • additives at higher temperatures than the glass fibers is believed to tend to reduce die life and impart a poor finish to the extruded pieces due to the initial melting of the fibers prior to the melting of the additive; however, it is to be understood that the speed with which the extrusion process is practiced (a billet about two feet long is extruded in about two seconds), the temperatures and pressures involved, and the lack of accessibility of the region in which the physical changes occur, it is difficult to establish the conditions and transitions during extrusion.
  • This invention relates to lubricating die pads for extruding hot metal and more particularly to improved pads made up of fibers of one composition, felted to a density of from 3 to about 20 pounds per cubic foot and free of organic binders.
  • the pads of this invention are formed of fibers of glasses having a viscosity-temperature characteristic such that the softening point, as determined by the fiber method, (viscosity in poises of is about l,550 F. and viscosity in poises of 10 is about 2,200 F. They are advantageously of fibers which can be produced economically and can range up to microns in diameter produced-either as continuous filaments or as blown staple fibers.
  • a suitable balance for felting DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The drawing represents plots of the logarithm of viscosity in poises against temperature for conventional glasses as employed for container and fiat glass fabrication, curve A, and for glasses of the type suitable in fiber form for die pad fabrication according to this invention, curve B.
  • An effective die lubricating pad should be of proper form, include fibers of desired characteristics, and be composed of a suitable glass.
  • Pad characteristics desired include an adequate supply of the lubricant for the amount of material to be extruded, a progressive and continuous release of lubricant from the pad to the die-billet interface, and the absence of disruptive bodies in the lubricant at the diebillet interface.
  • Stainless steel extrusions have been produced from billets about two feet long and of the general cross-sectional dimensions of the die pads employed with an extrusion being completed in about two seconds. A significant increase in the number of passes has been attained, using a die pad of this invention for each extrusion as a charge preceding the billet into the extrusion chamber, without appreciable die deterioration.
  • the quantity of lubricant is determined by the amount of available glass.
  • a preferred pad material has been composed of 6-pound-per-cubic-foot density 2- inches thick. In some instances, the pads are in the form of discs.
  • a family of annuluses have been employed having outer diameters approaching the crosssection of the extrusion chamber, generally in the range of about 5 to 9 inches in diameter, and inner diameters ranging from about 1 1% to 4 inches.
  • pads are formed by dispersing glass fibers in water, using a small amount of mineral acid, such as sulfuric acid, -in the water if necessary to aid in dispersing the fiber.
  • the slurry of fiber in water is then filtered through a screen to form a pad, using pressure or suction, if desirable, to attain the desired thickness and density.
  • the wet fiber pad is dried to produce a felted body. While the pads can be cut from felted sheets, it has been found to be economical to cast the pad in the form of a disc or annulus of the final desired dimensions.
  • Pad dimensions have not been critical although pad density should exceed the minimum specified density. Excessive density is not harmful to the extrusion process, but is uneconomical. Various densities ranging from about three to as high as 20 pounds per cubic foot can be made with glass fibers with no binders used.
  • inorganic binding agents which will form glassey characteristics at the extrusion temperature at which the pad is to be used, such as colloidal silica or silicate of soda, can be used.
  • inorganic binders up to about 5 percent by weight are advantageously employed when the fibers are coarser than about 2 or 3 microns in diameter to improve the handling properties such as packing, shipping, and manipulation in use.
  • Inorganic binders can be added to the aqueous slurry, or to the wet pads as they are formed and before drying.
  • improved integrity of pads including coarse fibers also can be achieved by blending finer fibers, e.g. about 1 micron average diameter, into the slurry.
  • Fiber characteristics are determined by economics and the desired properties in the finished die pads. Fine fibers tend to give a thicker and tougher product, but are more expensive to produce for a given weight of glass. They also reduce the speed with which water can be removed in the pad formation process and thus the production rate. Staple, blown glass fibers containing a range of diameters useful in a felting type of pad formation, e.g. about 1 to 1.5 microns average diameter, are suitable to form a pad of the desired integrity and strength. The use of coarser, continuous filament type fibers provides a product with higher density but with less integrity and strength.
  • Continuous monofilament glass fibers ranging in size up to about fifteen microns in diameter can be employed in the slurry following its reduction in length by milling in a hammer mill or otherwise mechanically breaking it into lengths which will dispense uniformly and felt conveniently. Lengths up to one-half inch for the milled continuous filament fibers of to micron average diameter in satisfactory. These monofilament lengths can constitute up to 80 percent by weight of a felted pad containing no binder provided the remainder of the fibers are staple fibers of about 1 to L5 microns average diameter while maintaining commercially acceptable handling characteristics.
  • the pad is effective as a die lubricating element but must be handled so carefully in packaging, shipping, unpackaging and loading in the die as to require near laboratory conditions.
  • the slurry can be formed into a high density finished die pad with good water draining properties, and good integrity and handling properties. It is to be understood that the proportions of coarse and fine fibers can be adjusted for economic considerations and desired physical properties so that the greater the proportion of fine fibers, the thicker and tougher the pad, while the greater the proportion of coarse or continuous filaments, the greater the density of the pad.
  • a cylinder can be concentrically mounted in the tube to define the inner diameter of the annulus pad form.
  • a force of from about 50 to pounds can be imposed on the upper surfaces of the wet slurry during the extraction of water therefrom to in-part reduce the pad thickness.
  • the force can not be so great as to fracture the individual fibers in any substantial degree or the resulting pad will be excessively fragile.
  • Typical pads made with no binder by the above felting process are as follows:
  • the glass soften and flow as a viscous liquid at the proper temperatures. It should soften from a rigid state to a fluid state rapidly so that a steady supply of molten glass is formed at the outer surfaces of the pad and flows onto the forming die surface to accomplish the desired protection and lubrication. Thus, as the hot metal is moved through the die under pressure, it entrains a thin film of melted glass which is carried to the die-workpiece interface to facilitate flow and improve the extruded finish.
  • a glass with viscosity-temperature characteristics shown in the drawing is desirable.
  • the glass must have suitable properties to enable commercial melting and practical, economical fiber forming characteristics so that a usable fiber can be made at a reasonable cost.
  • a number of glasses are known to offer these properties. Typical glasses suitable for this use are disclosed in the following US. PatS., each entitled Glass Composition: 2,334,961 to R. A. Schoenlaub, issued Nov. 23, 1943; 2,571,074 to R. L. Tiede and F. V. Tooley, issued Oct. 9, 1951; No. 2,681,289 to L. D. Moore, issued June 15, 1954; and No. 3,053,672 to D. Labino, issued Sept. 11, 1962. 5" glass has the fiber forming and softening point and melting characteristics desired.
  • Suitable glasses can be formulated in the range by weight:
  • Silica SiO 50 to 58 percent Boron Oxide (B 0 to percent Alumina (A1 0 to percent 1 Calcium or in-part Barium Oxide (CaO or BaO) to percent Potassium or Sodium Oxide (K 0 or l-la O) 6 percent Glass modifications with various oxides or other glass making components are acceptable as long as the general viscosity and temperature relationship wherein the glass resists softening until the working temperature of the metal is approached yet at the'working temperatures and pressures, it melts rapidly.
  • the combination of a suitable glass composition and proper blending of fibers into a felted die pad has enchanced product properties and extended die life for hot extrusion of steel alloys and titanium alloys in the range of about 2,000 to 2,300 F.
  • the glass appears to melt more consistently from fine fiber form than with granular or bulk glass either exclusively or in combination with fibers.
  • the elimination of organic binders and the use of glass felting techniques to maintain the fibers in the pad improves the results by avoiding disruptive foreign matter and gases at the die-workpiece interfaces.
  • a die pad comprising a self sustaining body shaped to fit within a die cavity through which a billet of hot metal is to be extruded, said body having a density between 3 and 20 pounds per cubic foot comprising at least 95 percent by weight of siliceous fibers felted from a slurry and of compositions having essentially the same softening and melting characteristics and free of organic binders, at least 20 percent by weight of said fibers having an average diameter of about 1 to about 5 microns and up to percent by weight of said fibers having an average diameter from about 10 to about 15 microns.
  • siliceous fibers are of a composition which softens at about l,550 F. and has a viscosity of 10 poises at about 2,200 F.
  • a die pad according to claim 1 wherein said fibers having an average diameter of about 1 to about 5 microns are staple, blown glass fibers.
  • a die pad according to claim 1 including up to 5 percent by weight of an inorganic binder.
  • said inorganic binder is of a material which becomes glassy at temperatures above l,500 F.
  • a die pad according to claim 1 wherein said fibers are of staple, blown glass of a composition which softens at about l,550 F. and has a viscosity of 10 poises at about 2,200 F. which are interlocked into a unitary annular body of about 6 pounds per cubic foot density.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US29089A 1970-04-16 1970-04-16 Die pad for extruding hot metals Expired - Lifetime US3690135A (en)

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US2908970A 1970-04-16 1970-04-16

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JP (1) JPS5120466B1 (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863325A (en) * 1973-05-25 1975-02-04 Aluminum Co Of America Glass cloth in metal forging
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US10427211B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-10-01 Guizhou Aviation Technical Development Co. Ltd Forming method of forging of 718 Plus alloy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
US2706850A (en) * 1950-03-10 1955-04-26 Comptoir Ind Etirage Hot deformation of metals
US2893555A (en) * 1955-04-20 1959-07-07 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubrication in the hot extrusion of metals
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3423975A (en) * 1965-04-22 1969-01-28 Cefilac Method of hot-extruding metals which require a low rate of deformation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1066652A (en) * 1965-03-09 1967-04-26 Wiggin & Co Ltd Henry Method of and apparatus for applying lubrication to hot metal billets

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
US2706850A (en) * 1950-03-10 1955-04-26 Comptoir Ind Etirage Hot deformation of metals
US2893555A (en) * 1955-04-20 1959-07-07 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubrication in the hot extrusion of metals
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3423975A (en) * 1965-04-22 1969-01-28 Cefilac Method of hot-extruding metals which require a low rate of deformation

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863325A (en) * 1973-05-25 1975-02-04 Aluminum Co Of America Glass cloth in metal forging
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US11059089B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US11059088B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US9539636B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-01-10 Ati Properties Llc Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US10427211B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-10-01 Guizhou Aviation Technical Development Co. Ltd Forming method of forging of 718 Plus alloy

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