US2706850A - Hot deformation of metals - Google Patents

Hot deformation of metals Download PDF

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US2706850A
US2706850A US213049A US21304951A US2706850A US 2706850 A US2706850 A US 2706850A US 213049 A US213049 A US 213049A US 21304951 A US21304951 A US 21304951A US 2706850 A US2706850 A US 2706850A
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workpiece
glass
glass cloth
hot deformation
metals
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US213049A
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Sejournet Jacques
Lambert Roger Emile
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COMPTOIR IND ETIRAGE
COMPTOIR INDUSTRIEL D'ETIRAGE ET PROFILAGE DE METAUX
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COMPTOIR IND ETIRAGE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/12—Glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/08—Solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the hot deformation of metals, particularly to extruding, forging, including drop forging and die forging, stamping, flattening, flanging, rolling, piercing, drawing and spinning.
  • An object of the invention is to facilitate the lubrication of the tools used in carrying out any hot deformation operation, thereby decreasing the wear on the tools and insuring the production of end products having excellent surface and other qualities.
  • various lubricants which have a sufficiently high viscosity at the hot deformation temperature have been proposed. For instance, it has been proposed to cover stamping dies with borax, to cover the billet to be forged and the forging dies with vitreous enamel in case of difficult forging operations, or to interpose a glass plate between the heated workpiece and the die of an extrusion press. But difiiculties are encountered in attempting to coat the workpiece uniformly or the tools with these lubricants since they are generally in the form of plates or powders, the application of which requires considerable care. Where it is desired to coat the tools, the lubricating substance must be in the form of a paste which is spread on the tool and left to dry. If it is desired to coat the heated workpiece with a lubricating powder, it can be sprinkled on the workpiece but it is diflicult to obtain a uniform distribution of the powder when employing such method.
  • the present invention consists essentially in insuring most effective lubrication in the hot deformation of metals by using the lubricant in the form of a flexible sheet of glass fibers which is interposed between the tool and the heated workpiece which is to be deformed.
  • the flexible sheet of glass fibers can be used to envelope the workpiece before placing it in the tool or to cover the surfaces of the tool which shape the workpiece.
  • the flexible sheet of glass fibers can be made in many ways, for instance, by weaving, felting, interlacing or intermingling of glass fibers either in the presence or absence of a substance acting as a binder for the fibers. It can be made up of granulated lubricant such as granulated glass enveloped by or interspersed in a flexible binder such as a felted fabric which itself may or may not be a lubricant or, if desired, the granulated lubricant can be enveloped by a flexible sheet of the same material as the granules if the material of the granules is of a nature to render it susceptible of being made into sheet form.
  • One material which is particularly suited is a glass cloth or sheet made up of glass fibers assembled in such manner as to have a cohesion which permits their manipulation in the form of a single element.
  • the glass fibers constituting the glass cloth or sheet or fabric can be obtained by mechanical drawing of glass or by the action of a gaseous-fluid acting on a glass thread coming from a drawing apparatus or, if desired, by the action of centrifugal force on a mass of glass.
  • the glass cloth or fabric can be made, for example, by depositing glass threads formed from liquid glass, on a pervious support on which they form a felt of fibers which are more or less tangled or interlaced, the cohesion of which can be, if desired, increased by the use of a binder.
  • the cloth or fabric or sheet of glass fibers can also be obtained by continuous coiling of continuous fibers on a drum with addition of a binding material if desired.
  • the glass cloth can be applied to the workpiece by spreading one or several flexible sheets of glass cloth on a table and rolling the heated workpiece on the glass cloth.
  • the glass cloth adheres immediateh to the workpiece and covers it with a thin uniform layer which is quickly brought up to a temperature at which it assumes the desired viscosity for acting as a Lubricant in the hot deformation process.
  • the preferred method of heating the workpiece prior to wrapping it with the glass cloth is by immersing the workpiece in a molten salt bath. This not only brings the workpiece up to proper temperature for extrusion but forms a coating of salt on the workpiece which aids the glass cloth in adhering to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is not cylindrical, for example, if it is of square cross section or is a flat disc, it can be heated and placed on a sheet of glass cloth and the glass cloth can be folded around the workpiece to cover those parts which it is desired to lubricate in a hot deformation operation.
  • the glass cloth in contact with the heated workpiece assumes quickly a viscosity which facilitates the lubrication of the tool in the hot deformation operation.
  • the workpiece covered with the glass cloth according to the present invention can then be hot deformed by usual processes.
  • the employment of the glass cloth results in a considerable reduction in the friction between the workpiece and the tool and this reduction in friction lowers the forces required in performing the hot deformation operation and reduces wearing of the tools and tearing of the product being deformed.
  • the cloth Under the influence of the heat of the workpiece to be deformed and the forces involved in the hot deformation operation assumes the shape of the tool and rapidly attains the desired viscosity.
  • the present invention is applicable in general to the hot deformation of metal.
  • some non-limiting examples will be given for purposes of illustration.
  • the heated billet is rolled on a sheet of glass cloth before its introduction into the container. This insures rapid and uniform lubrication during the extrusion operation.
  • Example 2.-Exzruding tubes In producing steel tubes by a method in which an extrusion press is employed, a heated previously pierced billet is mounted on a mandrel and the tube is extruded between a die and the mandrel. In one method now employed the friction between the billet and the mandrel is reduced by placing a glass sleeve between the billet and the mandrel.
  • the present invention several turns of flexible glass cloth are wound around the mandrel before the hollow cylindrical steel billet is placed on the mandrel and thereafter the billet and mandrel are placed in the container of the extrusion press and the tube is extruded through the die.
  • the application of the glass cloth to the mandrel is easy to accomplish, provides uniform lubrication between the billet and the mandrel, and results in tubes hav1ng more regular inner surfaces than those obtained by prior known processes. 7
  • Example 4.-Stamping or die forging A die provided with a recess is covered with a sheet of glass cloth, a heated piece of steel is then placed on the glass cloth covering the die and the heated piece of steel is covered with another sheet of glass cloth and a stamping or forging operation is carried out in the usual manner.
  • the stamping or forging operation proceeds very easily and the metal fills the recess in the die more rapidly and more completely and the wear of the die is much less than in prior known stamping or forging operations.
  • a method of deforming metals which comprises interposing between a metal workpiece and a deforming tool, a flexible sheet of intermingled fibers of glass-like material and deforming the workpiece at a temperature such as to cause the glass-like material to melt at least partially but remain viscous.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Description

United States Patent Office 2,706,850 Patented Apr. 26, 1955 HOT DEFORMATION F METALS Jacques Sejournet and Roger Emile Lambert, Paris, France, assignors to Comptoir Industriel dEtirage et Profilage de Metaux, Paris, France, a corporation of France No Drawing. Application February 27, 1951, Serial No. 213,049
Claims priority, application France March 10, 1950 1 Claim. (Cl. 29-423) This invention relates to the hot deformation of metals, particularly to extruding, forging, including drop forging and die forging, stamping, flattening, flanging, rolling, piercing, drawing and spinning.
An object of the invention is to facilitate the lubrication of the tools used in carrying out any hot deformation operation, thereby decreasing the wear on the tools and insuring the production of end products having excellent surface and other qualities.
In order to facilitate processes for hot deforming of metals, it is known to introduce a lubricant between the piece to be deformed (hereinafter referred to as the workpiece) and the tool used for the hot-working operation. Formerly, fatty substances of mineral, vegetable of animal origin were used for such purpose. However, under the influence of the heated workpiece these lubricants were partially burnt and were frequently thrown off from the tool under the action of the forces present before they could be effective. Additions of graphite or other substances in powdered form have been made to the fatty lubricants but their effectiveness at high temperatures is not all that could be desired.
More recently, various lubricants which have a sufficiently high viscosity at the hot deformation temperature have been proposed. For instance, it has been proposed to cover stamping dies with borax, to cover the billet to be forged and the forging dies with vitreous enamel in case of difficult forging operations, or to interpose a glass plate between the heated workpiece and the die of an extrusion press. But difiiculties are encountered in attempting to coat the workpiece uniformly or the tools with these lubricants since they are generally in the form of plates or powders, the application of which requires considerable care. Where it is desired to coat the tools, the lubricating substance must be in the form of a paste which is spread on the tool and left to dry. If it is desired to coat the heated workpiece with a lubricating powder, it can be sprinkled on the workpiece but it is diflicult to obtain a uniform distribution of the powder when employing such method.
These difficulties are overcome according to the present invention, which consists essentially in insuring most effective lubrication in the hot deformation of metals by using the lubricant in the form of a flexible sheet of glass fibers which is interposed between the tool and the heated workpiece which is to be deformed. The flexible sheet of glass fibers can be used to envelope the workpiece before placing it in the tool or to cover the surfaces of the tool which shape the workpiece.
The flexible sheet of glass fibers can be made in many ways, for instance, by weaving, felting, interlacing or intermingling of glass fibers either in the presence or absence of a substance acting as a binder for the fibers. It can be made up of granulated lubricant such as granulated glass enveloped by or interspersed in a flexible binder such as a felted fabric which itself may or may not be a lubricant or, if desired, the granulated lubricant can be enveloped by a flexible sheet of the same material as the granules if the material of the granules is of a nature to render it susceptible of being made into sheet form. One material which is particularly suited is a glass cloth or sheet made up of glass fibers assembled in such manner as to have a cohesion which permits their manipulation in the form of a single element.
The glass fibers constituting the glass cloth or sheet or fabric can be obtained by mechanical drawing of glass or by the action of a gaseous-fluid acting on a glass thread coming from a drawing apparatus or, if desired, by the action of centrifugal force on a mass of glass. The glass cloth or fabric can be made, for example, by depositing glass threads formed from liquid glass, on a pervious support on which they form a felt of fibers which are more or less tangled or interlaced, the cohesion of which can be, if desired, increased by the use of a binder. The cloth or fabric or sheet of glass fibers can also be obtained by continuous coiling of continuous fibers on a drum with addition of a binding material if desired.
When the metallic workpiece which is to be hot deformed is cylindrical, the glass cloth can be applied to the workpiece by spreading one or several flexible sheets of glass cloth on a table and rolling the heated workpiece on the glass cloth. The glass cloth adheres immediateh to the workpiece and covers it with a thin uniform layer which is quickly brought up to a temperature at which it assumes the desired viscosity for acting as a Lubricant in the hot deformation process. The preferred method of heating the workpiece prior to wrapping it with the glass cloth is by immersing the workpiece in a molten salt bath. This not only brings the workpiece up to proper temperature for extrusion but forms a coating of salt on the workpiece which aids the glass cloth in adhering to the workpiece.
If the workpiece is not cylindrical, for example, if it is of square cross section or is a flat disc, it can be heated and placed on a sheet of glass cloth and the glass cloth can be folded around the workpiece to cover those parts which it is desired to lubricate in a hot deformation operation. The glass cloth in contact with the heated workpiece assumes quickly a viscosity which facilitates the lubrication of the tool in the hot deformation operation. The workpiece covered with the glass cloth according to the present invention can then be hot deformed by usual processes. The employment of the glass cloth results in a considerable reduction in the friction between the workpiece and the tool and this reduction in friction lowers the forces required in performing the hot deformation operation and reduces wearing of the tools and tearing of the product being deformed.
When the tool is covered with one or several thicknesses of glass cloth, the cloth under the influence of the heat of the workpiece to be deformed and the forces involved in the hot deformation operation assumes the shape of the tool and rapidly attains the desired viscosity.
As previously pointed out, the present invention is applicable in general to the hot deformation of metal. However, some non-limiting examples will be given for purposes of illustration.
Example J.Extruding solid shapes tainer there is a die and at the other end there is a punch by means'of which the deforming force is transmitted to the billet to extrude it through the die. In order to reduce friction a lubricant is placed between the billet and the container.
According to the present invention, the heated billet is rolled on a sheet of glass cloth before its introduction into the container. This insures rapid and uniform lubrication during the extrusion operation.
Example 2.-Exzruding tubes In producing steel tubes by a method in which an extrusion press is employed, a heated previously pierced billet is mounted on a mandrel and the tube is extruded between a die and the mandrel. In one method now employed the friction between the billet and the mandrel is reduced by placing a glass sleeve between the billet and the mandrel.
According to the present invention, several turns of flexible glass cloth are wound around the mandrel before the hollow cylindrical steel billet is placed on the mandrel and thereafter the billet and mandrel are placed in the container of the extrusion press and the tube is extruded through the die. The application of the glass cloth to the mandrel is easy to accomplish, provides uniform lubrication between the billet and the mandrel, and results in tubes hav1ng more regular inner surfaces than those obtained by prior known processes. 7
Example 3.Ht drawing of tubes Example 4.-Stamping or die forging A die provided with a recess is covered with a sheet of glass cloth, a heated piece of steel is then placed on the glass cloth covering the die and the heated piece of steel is covered with another sheet of glass cloth and a stamping or forging operation is carried out in the usual manner.
The stamping or forging operation proceeds very easily and the metal fills the recess in the die more rapidly and more completely and the wear of the die is much less than in prior known stamping or forging operations.
The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment but may be otherwise embodied or practiced within the scope of the following claim.
What We claim is:
A method of deforming metals, which comprises interposing between a metal workpiece and a deforming tool, a flexible sheet of intermingled fibers of glass-like material and deforming the workpiece at a temperature such as to cause the glass-like material to melt at least partially but remain viscous.
References ited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,074,224 Johnson May 13, 1935 2,430,083 Sherman Nov. 4, 1947 2,469,473 Orozco et a1 May 10, 1949 2,538,917 Sejournet et al Jan. 23, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 607,285 Great Britain Aug. 27, 1948 OTHER REFERENCES American Machinist, May 15, 1950, page 112.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF DEFORMING METALS, WHICH COMPRISES INTERPOSING BETWEEN A METAL WORKPIECE AND A DEFORMING TOOL, A FLEXIBLE SHEET OF INTERMINGLED FIBERS OF GLASS-LIKE MATERIAL AND DEFORMING THE WORKPIECE AT A TEMPERATURE SUCH AS TO CAUSE THE GLASS-LIKE MATERIAL TO MELT AT LEASE PARTTIALLY BUT REMAIN VISCOUS.
US213049A 1950-03-10 1951-02-27 Hot deformation of metals Expired - Lifetime US2706850A (en)

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FR290057X 1950-03-10

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2791924A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-05-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Rotary piercing processes
US2895211A (en) * 1956-12-27 1959-07-21 Albert W Scribuer Metal cutting
US2908587A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of coating a cylindrical metal element
US2908384A (en) * 1954-03-03 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of applying a particulate lubricant to a tubular extrusion billet
US2908385A (en) * 1958-03-05 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of lubricating a pierced extrusion billet
US2946437A (en) * 1955-05-31 1960-07-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Extrusion of metal billets
US2973092A (en) * 1957-01-28 1961-02-28 Int Nickel Co Production of metal articles by extrusion
US2974790A (en) * 1958-01-06 1961-03-14 Curtiss Wright Corp Cross-extrusion process
US3015387A (en) * 1958-04-29 1962-01-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for metal working
US3021594A (en) * 1958-02-05 1962-02-20 Brev Cls Soc D Expl Des Metal-shaping lubricant compositions and method
US3040417A (en) * 1957-03-07 1962-06-26 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Method of making a composite valve
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3255621A (en) * 1963-08-16 1966-06-14 Haveg Industries Inc Lubrication
US3357220A (en) * 1964-07-10 1967-12-12 Corning Glass Works Protection and lubrication of metals at high temperatures
US3456469A (en) * 1967-02-24 1969-07-22 Int Nickel Co Hot extrusion of metals
US3485753A (en) * 1964-05-29 1969-12-23 Cefilac Hot extrusion of metals and lubricant therefor
US3488985A (en) * 1965-08-25 1970-01-13 Du Pont Metal extrusion with solid fabric lubricant
US3690135A (en) * 1970-04-16 1972-09-12 Johns Manville Die pad for extruding hot metals
US3863325A (en) * 1973-05-25 1975-02-04 Aluminum Co Of America Glass cloth in metal forging
US4354370A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-10-19 Kessler Products Co., Inc. Method for deep drawing sheet metal
US20120137498A1 (en) * 2009-06-03 2012-06-07 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Hot Forming with Inlay Material
US20130098128A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2013-04-25 Sms Meer Gmbh Process for hot-rolling metallic hollow bodies and corresponding hot-rolling mill
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US8863429B2 (en) * 2009-07-17 2014-10-21 Carrel Innovations Oy Device for producing a gun barrel and a gun barrel
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US10427211B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-10-01 Guizhou Aviation Technical Development Co. Ltd Forming method of forging of 718 Plus alloy

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Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2791924A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-05-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Rotary piercing processes
US2908384A (en) * 1954-03-03 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of applying a particulate lubricant to a tubular extrusion billet
US2908587A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of coating a cylindrical metal element
US2946437A (en) * 1955-05-31 1960-07-26 Babcock & Wilcox Co Extrusion of metal billets
US2895211A (en) * 1956-12-27 1959-07-21 Albert W Scribuer Metal cutting
US2973092A (en) * 1957-01-28 1961-02-28 Int Nickel Co Production of metal articles by extrusion
US3040417A (en) * 1957-03-07 1962-06-26 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Method of making a composite valve
US2974790A (en) * 1958-01-06 1961-03-14 Curtiss Wright Corp Cross-extrusion process
US3021594A (en) * 1958-02-05 1962-02-20 Brev Cls Soc D Expl Des Metal-shaping lubricant compositions and method
US2908385A (en) * 1958-03-05 1959-10-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of lubricating a pierced extrusion billet
US3015387A (en) * 1958-04-29 1962-01-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for metal working
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3255621A (en) * 1963-08-16 1966-06-14 Haveg Industries Inc Lubrication
US3485753A (en) * 1964-05-29 1969-12-23 Cefilac Hot extrusion of metals and lubricant therefor
US3357220A (en) * 1964-07-10 1967-12-12 Corning Glass Works Protection and lubrication of metals at high temperatures
US3488985A (en) * 1965-08-25 1970-01-13 Du Pont Metal extrusion with solid fabric lubricant
US3456469A (en) * 1967-02-24 1969-07-22 Int Nickel Co Hot extrusion of metals
US3690135A (en) * 1970-04-16 1972-09-12 Johns Manville Die pad for extruding hot metals
US3863325A (en) * 1973-05-25 1975-02-04 Aluminum Co Of America Glass cloth in metal forging
US4354370A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-10-19 Kessler Products Co., Inc. Method for deep drawing sheet metal
US20120137498A1 (en) * 2009-06-03 2012-06-07 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Hot Forming with Inlay Material
US8863429B2 (en) * 2009-07-17 2014-10-21 Carrel Innovations Oy Device for producing a gun barrel and a gun barrel
US11059088B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US11059089B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US10166583B2 (en) * 2010-06-28 2019-01-01 Sms Group Gmbh Process for hot-rolling metallic hollow bodies and corresponding hot-rolling mill
US20130098128A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2013-04-25 Sms Meer Gmbh Process for hot-rolling metallic hollow bodies and corresponding hot-rolling mill
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
EP3260562A1 (en) * 2011-01-17 2017-12-27 ATI Properties LLC Improving hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
JP2019193952A (en) * 2011-01-17 2019-11-07 エイティーアイ・プロパティーズ・エルエルシー Improvement of hot workability of metal alloy via surface coating
US9539636B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-01-10 Ati Properties Llc Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US10427211B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-10-01 Guizhou Aviation Technical Development Co. Ltd Forming method of forging of 718 Plus alloy

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CH290057A (en) 1953-04-15
DE953516C (en) 1956-12-06

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