US2893555A - Lubrication in the hot extrusion of metals - Google Patents

Lubrication in the hot extrusion of metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US2893555A
US2893555A US578137A US57813756A US2893555A US 2893555 A US2893555 A US 2893555A US 578137 A US578137 A US 578137A US 57813756 A US57813756 A US 57813756A US 2893555 A US2893555 A US 2893555A
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billet
extrusion
disc
metals
lubrication
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US578137A
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Buffet Jean
Meriaux Joseph
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COMPTOIR IND ETIRAGE
COMPTOIR INDUSTRIEL D'ETIRAGE ET PROFILAGE DE METAUX
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COMPTOIR IND ETIRAGE
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied

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  • the hot extrusion of metals is carried out by placing a heated billet of the metal to be extruded in a container which is open at both its extremities, and in forcing out the said billet by means of a punch or ram passing into one of the extremities of the container, so as to force the metal to pass through a die arranged at the other extremity.
  • this operation there remains in the container at the end of the operation, a certain length of the billet to be extruded; this length, which is generally known as a butt, constitutes a manufacturing waste which cannot be used, and which therefore is preferably reduced to a minimum.
  • the present invention also enables this latter drawback to be avoided.
  • the invention relates to an improvement in the method of hot extrusion with the insertion of metallic disc behind the hot billet to be extruded, which consists essentially in arranging behind the billet, first of all a lubricating mass of a substance which melts partly or wholly under the action of the heat whilst remaining viscous, followed by a cold disc of malleable metal.
  • a choice is preferably made of aluminum, copper or their alloys.
  • the melting point of aluminum is about 658 C. and that of copper is about 1083 C.
  • the said disc may however be made of any other metal which is ilkely to have in the cold state a deformation under pressure suflicient to make it fit the shape of the die-carrier at the end of the operation.
  • the disc has a diameter substantially equal to that of the billet and its thickness, which is fixed in dependence on the diameter of the extruded product, is in general preferably in the vicinity of 15 mm.
  • a glass there is preferably employed a glass, an enamel, a salt' or a slag, in the form of fiber or multi-cellular, or of agglomerated or calcined powder in a solid plate.
  • Substances may also be employed having a certain level of viscosity such as phosphates, borates, etc. It is of special advantage to employ as the mass inserted between the'hot billet and the cold disc, a pad or wad of commercial glass fiber.
  • discs of metal which have been previously drilled to the diameter of the bore of the pierced billet, and there is an advantage in previously machining in the bore and at the rear of the billet a slight rounded-off portion, which enables the vitreous mass to assist in the lubrication of the punch, the wear of which is thereby substantially reduced.
  • the method which has just been described has the advantage of eliminating all loss of billet metal during the course of the operation of extrusion, and of enabling the transformation to be effected with an efficiency of in extruded metal, which constitutes a result never before achieved up to the present day.
  • Fig. l is a diagrammatic cross-section showing the equipment before extrusion of steel tubes.
  • Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the same equipment after extrusion.
  • the die 2 On the container 1 of an extrusion press is mounted the die 2 and the die-carrier 2.
  • the ram 3 has integrally secured thereto the punch 4 which corresponds to the internal diameter of the tube to be extruded.
  • the billet 5 In the container 1 is placed the billet 5 which has been previously bored and the bore of which has a slight rounded portion 5' on its rear face.
  • a cold disc 6 of aluminum Over the punch, there is engaged a cold disc 6 of aluminum followed by a wad 7 of glass fiber.
  • the wad 7 is located between the die 2 and the disc 6, which has taken the shape of the die-carrier 2.
  • the diameter of the container was 148 mm., and the billets were heated to about 1200 C.
  • the disc 6n1ay be recovered by any known means after hc' n fwth xtrusion op ation.
  • thezsteps comprising heating-the billet to a predetermined: extrusion temperature, placing, immediately behind the billet, a massof vitreous substance; melting;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Description

y 7, 1959 J. BUFFET ETAL Q 2,893,555
LUBRICATION IN THE HOT EXTRUSIQN OF METALS Filed April 13, 1956 g 40%, 41 mm) 2,893,555 Patented July 7, 1959 2,893,555 LUBRICATION IN THE nor EXTRUSION or METALS Jean Buffet, Beaumont-sur-Oise, and Joseph Meriaux, lIsle-Adam, France, assignors to Comptoir Industriel dEtirage et Profilage de Metaux, Paris, France, a corporation of France Application April 13, 1956, Serial No. 578,137 Claims priority, application France April 20, 1955 1 Claim. (Cl. 207-) The present invention relates to a method of eliminating the butt in hot extrusion of metals.
Generally speaking, the hot extrusion of metals is carried out by placing a heated billet of the metal to be extruded in a container which is open at both its extremities, and in forcing out the said billet by means of a punch or ram passing into one of the extremities of the container, so as to force the metal to pass through a die arranged at the other extremity. In the manner in which this operation is at present carried out, there remains in the container at the end of the operation, a certain length of the billet to be extruded; this length, which is generally known as a butt, constitutes a manufacturing waste which cannot be used, and which therefore is preferably reduced to a minimum.
A number of end-of-travel devices have been suggested up to the present time in order to ensure that the butt has a constant thickness which is as small as possible. However, these possibilities are limited in practice, either by the increase of pressure at the end of the extrusion, which stops the punch in its travel, or by the risk of deformation of the die and of the die-carrier such as to put them out of service, due to the fact that they are subjected to stresses of too great value, or again by the appearance of internal defects at the extremity of that part of the bar which is extruded last.
In U.S. patent application No. 304,381 of August 14, 1952, there has been described a method for reducing the loss of metal due to the butt, which consists in arranging at the rear of the billet a heated disc made of a metal of lower value than the metal to be extruded, and then in carrying out the extrusion operation in the usual manner by interposing a suitable lubricant between the billet and the extrusion tool. In spite of the advantages conferred by this last method with respect to previouslyknown practice, it does however still have a certain number of drawbacks, the most serious of which resides in the necessity, in the great majority of cases, of heating the disc independently of the billet to a temperature lower than that of the billet. It is in fact necessary to install two heating devices in this case and to proceed to a double handling operation.
The present invention also enables this latter drawback to be avoided. The invention relates to an improvement in the method of hot extrusion with the insertion of metallic disc behind the hot billet to be extruded, which consists essentially in arranging behind the billet, first of all a lubricating mass of a substance which melts partly or wholly under the action of the heat whilst remaining viscous, followed by a cold disc of malleable metal.
As a malleable metal, a choice is preferably made of aluminum, copper or their alloys. The melting point of aluminum is about 658 C. and that of copper is about 1083 C. The said disc may however be made of any other metal which is ilkely to have in the cold state a deformation under pressure suflicient to make it fit the shape of the die-carrier at the end of the operation. The disc has a diameter substantially equal to that of the billet and its thickness, which is fixed in dependence on the diameter of the extruded product, is in general preferably in the vicinity of 15 mm.
As the substance which melts wholly or in part while remaining viscous at the temperature of the operation,
there is preferably employed a glass, an enamel, a salt' or a slag, in the form of fiber or multi-cellular, or of agglomerated or calcined powder in a solid plate. Substances may also be employed having a certain level of viscosity such as phosphates, borates, etc. It is of special advantage to employ as the mass inserted between the'hot billet and the cold disc, a pad or wad of commercial glass fiber.
By carrying out the operation in accordance with the present invention, it is found that, at the end of the extrusion process, the whole of the metal of the billet to be extruded is ejected from the container, and that the vitreous mass has been applied against the die without damaging it. There only remains in the container the deformed disc, the raw material of which is easily recovered by re-forging, machining or re-melting. The method in accordance with the invention is especially advantageous in the extrusion of steel in accordance with the method described in U.S. Patent No. 2,538,917, issued January 23, 1951, and comprising the use of glass as a lubricant.
In the case of the extrusion of tubes, discs of metal are employed which have been previously drilled to the diameter of the bore of the pierced billet, and there is an advantage in previously machining in the bore and at the rear of the billet a slight rounded-off portion, which enables the vitreous mass to assist in the lubrication of the punch, the wear of which is thereby substantially reduced.
The method which has just been described has the advantage of eliminating all loss of billet metal during the course of the operation of extrusion, and of enabling the transformation to be effected with an efficiency of in extruded metal, which constitutes a result never before achieved up to the present day.
The invention is explained in more detail in the description given below of one example of its embodiment, reference being made to the attached drawings, in which:
Fig. l is a diagrammatic cross-section showing the equipment before extrusion of steel tubes.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the same equipment after extrusion.
On the container 1 of an extrusion press is mounted the die 2 and the die-carrier 2. The ram 3 has integrally secured thereto the punch 4 which corresponds to the internal diameter of the tube to be extruded. In the container 1 is placed the billet 5 which has been previously bored and the bore of which has a slight rounded portion 5' on its rear face. Over the punch, there is engaged a cold disc 6 of aluminum followed by a wad 7 of glass fiber.
After extrusion, it is found that the wad 7 is located between the die 2 and the disc 6, which has taken the shape of the die-carrier 2.
On an extrusion press of 1500 tons, equipped as shown in the drawing, 10 billets of 18/8 M0 stainless steel were completely extruded into tubes of the following dimensions:
The diameter of the container was 148 mm., and the billets were heated to about 1200 C.
Between the extrusion ram and the billet, there was placed in accordance with theinvention, a disc'of aluminium having a thickness of 15 and a diameter of 140 uda w d of glass WQQ1 g ing 22 rai s- Thellengtl ot cachet het es x ru under the above conditions was utilizable and there was no necessity for epara n ff a y butt. hat r, 1
' The disc 6n1ay be recovered by any known means after hc' n fwth xtrusion op ation. I
Whatwe clainiisz' Ina method of extruding a heatedrmetal billet from an, extrusion chamberrvthrougha die located at one end.
thereof, thezsteps comprising heating-the billet to a predetermined: extrusion temperature, placing, immediately behind the billet, a massof vitreous substance; melting;
the heated billet and which disc is more readily deformable in the extrusion operation than the billet, applying pressure to said disc until all of the billet is extruded through the die and said disc is deformed to conform substantially to the shapojofihezdie, and stopping the application of pressure to said disc when said deformed disc has pushed therear' of the'billet from the'dieI References Cited in thefileoi this-patent. UNITED STATES 'PATENTS 498,304 Potter May 30, 1893 2,538,917 Sejournet Jan. 23, 1951 2,630,220 Sejournet M21113, 1953 2,653,494-
Creutz. .Sept v 29, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 607,285 Great Britain Aug. 27, 1948 689,051; Great Britain Mar. 18, 1953 825,862 France Dec.- 16, 1937 1,101,953 France Apr, 27, 1955
US578137A 1955-04-20 1956-04-13 Lubrication in the hot extrusion of metals Expired - Lifetime US2893555A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985320A (en) * 1956-11-09 1961-05-23 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Loading apparatus
US3072251A (en) * 1959-01-27 1963-01-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process and device for extrusion
US3097742A (en) * 1959-11-05 1963-07-16 Mannesmann Ag Lubrication method for hot-extrusion press
US3118540A (en) * 1960-04-26 1964-01-21 Kronprinz Ag Apparatus for lubricationg of hot extruding of metal ingots
US3126097A (en) * 1964-03-24 Sejournet
US3160951A (en) * 1957-10-29 1964-12-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of making fuel pins by extrusion
US3690135A (en) * 1970-04-16 1972-09-12 Johns Manville Die pad for extruding hot metals
US3919870A (en) * 1973-08-17 1975-11-18 Mannesmann Roehren Werke Ag Method of cleaning tool parts in extruders
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US498304A (en) * 1893-05-30 Apparatus for shaping steel
FR825862A (en) * 1937-08-24 1938-03-16 Process for manufacturing hard metal bushes such as steel
GB607285A (en) * 1941-11-22 1948-08-27 Electro Chimie Metal Improvements in or relating to extrusion of metals
US2538917A (en) * 1941-11-22 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Extrusion of metals
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
GB689051A (en) * 1950-05-06 1953-03-18 James Booth & Company Ltd Improvements in and relating to extruding aluminium alloys
US2653494A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-29 Edward C Creutz Method of forging metals
FR1101953A (en) * 1953-06-06 1955-10-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for the press spinning of metal parts, in particular of spark plug electrodes and parts conforming to those obtained by said process

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US498304A (en) * 1893-05-30 Apparatus for shaping steel
FR825862A (en) * 1937-08-24 1938-03-16 Process for manufacturing hard metal bushes such as steel
GB607285A (en) * 1941-11-22 1948-08-27 Electro Chimie Metal Improvements in or relating to extrusion of metals
US2538917A (en) * 1941-11-22 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Extrusion of metals
US2653494A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-29 Edward C Creutz Method of forging metals
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
GB689051A (en) * 1950-05-06 1953-03-18 James Booth & Company Ltd Improvements in and relating to extruding aluminium alloys
FR1101953A (en) * 1953-06-06 1955-10-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for the press spinning of metal parts, in particular of spark plug electrodes and parts conforming to those obtained by said process

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126097A (en) * 1964-03-24 Sejournet
US2985320A (en) * 1956-11-09 1961-05-23 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Loading apparatus
US3160951A (en) * 1957-10-29 1964-12-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of making fuel pins by extrusion
US3072251A (en) * 1959-01-27 1963-01-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process and device for extrusion
US3097742A (en) * 1959-11-05 1963-07-16 Mannesmann Ag Lubrication method for hot-extrusion press
US3118540A (en) * 1960-04-26 1964-01-21 Kronprinz Ag Apparatus for lubricationg of hot extruding of metal ingots
US3690135A (en) * 1970-04-16 1972-09-12 Johns Manville Die pad for extruding hot metals
US3919870A (en) * 1973-08-17 1975-11-18 Mannesmann Roehren Werke Ag Method of cleaning tool parts in extruders
US11059088B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US9533346B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-01-03 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US11059089B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2021-07-13 Ati Properties Llc Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US9242291B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-01-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
US20140271337A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys
US9539636B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-01-10 Ati Properties Llc Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys

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