US3688550A - Crushing and bending of sections of members - Google Patents

Crushing and bending of sections of members Download PDF

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Publication number
US3688550A
US3688550A US935A US3688550DA US3688550A US 3688550 A US3688550 A US 3688550A US 935 A US935 A US 935A US 3688550D A US3688550D A US 3688550DA US 3688550 A US3688550 A US 3688550A
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section
tube
punch
die
crushing
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Kenneth Ernest Stanley
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
    • E04B1/5825—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section
    • E04B1/5837—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/04—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods
    • B21D39/044—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods perpendicular
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G7/00—Connections between parts of the scaffold
    • E04G7/02—Connections between parts of the scaffold with separate coupling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
    • E04B1/5825—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section
    • E04B1/5837—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form
    • E04B1/5843—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form with ends provided with protuberances
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
    • E04B1/5825—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section
    • E04B1/5837—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form
    • E04B1/585—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form with separate connection devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E04B2001/193—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section with flattened connecting parts, e.g. ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1951—Struts specially adapted therefor uninterrupted struts situated in the outer planes of the framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E04B2001/1963—Screw connections with axis at an angle, e.g. perpendicular, to the main axis of the strut
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1975—Frameworks where the struts are directly connected to each other, i.e. without interposed connecting nodes or plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2409—Hooks, dovetails or other interlocking connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2439—Adjustable connections, e.g. using elongated slots or threaded adjustment elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2466—Details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2472—Elongated load-supporting part formed from a number of parallel profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/388—Separate connecting elements
    • E04B2001/389—Brackets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT PP N03 935 A method of crushing and bending an end section or an intermediate section of a'tube comprises placing in [30] Foreign Application Priority Data a cradle of a die of a press a part of the tube including the section, and moving a punch of the press towards 1969 Great Bmam "998/69 the die such that the section and the remainder of the tube part are bent one relatively to the other and one "72/369, 29/ wall portion of the section is crushed inwardly towards n a diametrically opposite wall portion of the section.
  • Field Of 'r tube having a Section so crushed and bent can be 72/380 29/150 113/116 116 UT connected to another tube, for example, by disposing the section face-to-face with a complementarily [56] References and shaped portion of the other tube such that the UNITED STATES PATENTS remainder of the part extends away from the latter portion, and then, for example, welding or bolting the 2,285,275 6/ 1942 Harder ..72/369 Section to the other tube 774,159 11/1904 Cook ..29/150 3,374,532 3/1968 Zenhausern ..72/369 17 Claims, 37 Drawing Figures 5A 5 2 5.1 "i," v
  • PATENTEDSEP smz 3.688550 SHEET 080F 13 P'A'TENTEDsEP 51912 3.688.550 sum near 13 PATENTEDSEP 5 I972 SHEET 100! 13 PA'TENTEDsEP 5:912 3.688.550 sum nor 13 PATENTEDsEP 5:912 3.688.550
  • a method of crushing and bending a section of an elongate member comprising placing in a die of a press a part of said member including said section, and moving one of said die and a punch of said press towards the other, such that said section and the remainder of said part are bent one relatively to the other and one wall portion of said section is crushed inwardly towards a diametrically opposite wall portion of said section.
  • the elongate member to which the present crushing and bending method is applied is preferably a metal tube, nevertheless it could be a solid rod of suitable material, or it could be a member of plastics material deformable by impact.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side elevation of a punch and a die of a press in use in a method of crushing and bending an end section of an elongate member, in this case a metal tube, but before crushing and bending of the end section,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view taken on the line II--II of FIG. 1, but with the end section crushed and bent,
  • FIG. 3 shows a side elevation of a joint between the tube and an element, in this case another tube, and incorporating the crushed and bent end section,
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional underneath plan view of the oint
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic perspective view of a modified tube usable in thejoint
  • FIG. 6 shows a view similar to FIG. 5 of another modified tube usable in the joint
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a tube according to FIG. 5 having punched holes
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic perspective view of two elements, in this case rods, interconnected by a tube to each end of which has been applied the crushing and bending method,
  • FIG. 9 is plan view of a part of a geodetic structure formed of a network of identical tubes to each end of each of which the crushing and bending method has been applied,
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of one of the tubes of this.
  • FIG. 1 l is a side elevation ofthe tube of FIG. 10,
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a modified version of the joint of FIG. 3, but with the two tubes shown disconnected,
  • FIG. 13 is a side elevation of another modified version of thejoint of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of a strap of the version of FIG. 13,
  • FIG. 15 is a section on the line XV-XV of FIG. 14,
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view from above of a further modified version of the joint of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 17 is a sectional underneath plan view of the version of FIG. 16,
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a joint incorporating a short tube to which has been applied the crushing and bending method with crushing of the tube along its whole length
  • FIGS. 19 to 23 are side elevations of respective different manners of improving the rigidity of joints including the crushed and bent end section,
  • FIG. 24 is a side elevation of a modified version of the punch and die of FIG. 1 in use in a modified version of the method of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 25 is a sectional end view of the punch and die of FIG. 24,
  • FIG. 26 is a section on the line XXVI-XXVI of FIG. 24, but omitting a tubeto which the method is being applied,
  • FIG. 27 is a fragmentary plan view of a tube to which the method of FIG. 24 has been applied.
  • FIG. 28 is a side elevation of another modified version of the punch and die of FIG. 1 in use in a modified version of the method of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 29 is a section on the line XXIX-XXIX of FIG. 28,
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of one end of a metal tube to which end has been applied the crushing and bending method of FIG. 28,
  • FIG. 31 is a side elevation of a joint between that tube and another tube
  • FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a further modified version of the punch and die of FIG. 1 for use in a modified version of the method of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 33 is a side elevation of a joint incorporating a tube to which has been applied the crushing and bending method ofFIG. 32,
  • FIG. 34 is a section on the line XXXIVXXXIV of FIG. 33,
  • FIG. 35 is a framework incorporating tubes to which have been applied the methods of FIGS. 1 and 32,
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a joint between the tube of FIG. 33 and an element, in this case a plate, and
  • FIG. 37 is a section on the line XXXVII-XXXVII of FIG. 36.
  • the punch I has a horizontal cross-section as shown in FIG. 2, namely that of a rectangle 1A with a segment 18 of a circle added at one of its shorter sides. Its vertical section in a plane perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1 is basically of the same shape as its horizontal section.
  • the die 2 is formed with a cavity 3 and has fixed thereto an upright block 4 serving both as a guide for the punch 1 and as an end stop for the tube 5.
  • the cavity 3 is of a horizontal section similar in size and shape to that of the punch 1, except that its horizontal section is lengthened at 3A to take a double thickness of the tube wall of the tube 5 and is widened slightly at 3B to provide clearances for taking account of the spread of the metal of the tube.
  • That wall 3C of the cavity furthest from the block 4 is concave and part-cylindrical.
  • the uppermost surface of the die 2 is formed with a semi-cylindrical recess 6 forming a cradle for receiving the end part 5A of the tube 5.
  • the tube 5 is clamped in the recess 6 by some clamp means (not shown) which can consist either of a clamp secured to the die 2, or of a spring-loaded pin mounted on the punch block and clamping the tube during the descent of the punch l.
  • the recess 6 merges smoothly into the cavity 3 at a surface of minimum radius y shown in FIG. 1.
  • the leading end of the punch l is formed with a rounded corner 1C at which the convex part-cylindrical face ID of the circular segment 13 merges with the convex part-cylindrical underneath face 1E of the punch.
  • the end part A of the tube 5 is placed in the die 2 such that the end part 5A overlaps the cavity 3 and the end section SE to be crushed and bent lies substantially directly between the cavity 3 and the punch 1.
  • the punch l is lowered vertically into the cavity 3 and in so doing bends downwardly the end section 5B, relatively to the remainder of the tube, into a position against the part-cylindrical wall 3C of the cavity 3 and simultaneously crushes the end section SB radially of itself against the wall 3C.
  • the section 5C of the tube 5 adjacent to the section 5B remains unbent and uncrushed, although there is of course a short transitional section between the sections 5B and 5C.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the crushed and bent end section 58 fitted tightly against a vertical tube 7 of the same external diameter as the tube 5.
  • the end section 58 is drilled or pierced, and the tube 7 is drilled or pierced diametrically, to receive a bolt 8 having a radiussed head.
  • Co-operating with the bolt 8 to fix the tubes 5 and 7 together is a radiussed washer 9 and a nut 10. Radiussing of the head of the bolt 8 and of the washer 9 increases the stability of the joint.
  • the end section 5B is pierced with a shouldered punch so as to provide a flat on which the nut can sit. Because of the dome so formed, the strength of the end section 58 is thereby considerably increased.
  • the crushing and bending method described is a cheap and simple way of pressing the end section of the tube to form a U-channel so that another tube can be mated and secured to it at an angle by bolting, rivetting, welding, or brazing, for example. Because of the stresses set up in the manufacture of welded steel tubes, it is desirable to place such a tube in the die of the press tool such that the seam weld lies on a neutral axis with .:gard to the forming forces applied to it by the punch and die, otherwise the tube may split along the weld.
  • the press When the press is operated, the punch descends and collapses the upper portion of the wall of the end section of the tube and swages it into the U-channel form required.
  • a conventional press tool technique such as ejector pins, is used for releasing the finished component. Only one cycle of the press is required to produce the finished component.
  • a press with simple press tools and commonly available in industry is used to crush and bend the ends of tubes, instead of expensive bending machines being required to be used.
  • the bend in the tube can be of relatively small radius, the axis of the main section of the tube can be relatively near to the axis of a bolt used for securing it to another tube. This gives increased rigidity of the joint produced.
  • the T-joint described is sufficiently rigid to replace welded T-joints in many products such as tubular furniture, car seats, roof racks, toys and benches. Moreover, the products can be made more quickly and by unskilled labor.
  • opposite end sections of the tube 5 can be simultaneously formed as shown in one cycle of the press merely by incorporating two identical punches and two identical dies in one tool set.
  • a number of tubes can be correspondingly formed at one or both ends by having single or double sets of press tools placed side-by-side. It will be appreciated that the number of tubes which can be so formed in one cycle will depend mainly on the ease with which the tubes can be loaded into and removed from the die set, the tonnage of the press concerned, and the diameter, wall thickness and material of the tubing.
  • the latter can be of the form shown in FIG. 5 or 6, in which the tube is drilled or pierced with a plurality of pairs of diametrically opposite through holes 30.
  • the pairs of holes are spaced apart along the tube by the axial distance a which is, for example, three-fourths inch in FIG. 5, and one-half inch in FIG. 6; and are regularly staggered through a constant angle a which is for example, in FIG. 5, and 60 in FIG. 6.
  • the holes 30 are preferably made by punching using two diametrically opposite punches to make each pair of holes, the two punches being moved towards each other from outside the tube, but being stopped before they reach the tube axis.
  • FIG. 7 shows a tube having its holes 30 arranged according to FIG. 5 and formed by such punching, the resulting burrs 31 being produced on the inside of the dimpled holes 30.
  • Tubes as shown in FIG. 5, 6 or 7, are very suitable for use as the tubes of a system of interconnected tubes, and whereas the joints between the tubes are advantageously of the form shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, other forms of joints can be used as well.
  • crushed and bent end section 58 can be of many different shapes and be made at many different angles to the remainder of the tube 5 merely by changing the shapes and orientations of the forming faces of the punch and the die.
  • FIG. 8 shows the tube 5 connected between two rods 32 which are perpendicular to each other. It will be un derstood that in this case the two crushed and bent end sections 58 of the tube 5 also extend perpendicularly to each other.
  • Tubes each having its opposite end sections crushed and bent and extending in respective opposite directions are particularly suitable for use in a geodetic structure, for example a dome framework as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the tubes are distributed in groups, the tubes of each group being equi-angularly spaced through an angle x in a star formation.
  • Each tube extends from the center of one star formation to the center of another and has each section 58 thereof fastened, for example bolted or welded, to the uncrushed, unbent section 5C of an adjacent tube 5.
  • An individual tube 5 of the structure of FIG. 9 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the angle x between the end section 513 and the adjacent section 5C of the tube 5 is equal to the angle between each two adjacent tubes of the structure in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates that the tube 5 is bent to the form of a circular arc of a radius equal to the radius of the dome.
  • the bending of the whole tube 5 for this purpose can be performed either before or after crushing and bending of the end sections 58.
  • a preferred method of. forming a section 58 at 60 to the section 5C is firstly to apply the method of FIGS. 1 and 2 to form the crushed and bent section 5B at an angle of 90 to the section 5C, and then to bend the section 5B through the additional 30 in a press, for example at the same time as a hole for the bolt 8 is formed.
  • each lug 40 consists of a portion 40A of a height equal to the height of vertical rectangular slots 42 through the wall of the tube 7, and a portion 40B of less height than the slots 42 and disposed between two notches 40C formed in the top and bottom edges of each lug 40.
  • Each portion 40A is attached to the section 58 by way of the adjacent portion 408.
  • Each hole 41 has a pair of lugs 40 half-pierced therefrom, and the lugs of each pair extend parallel to each other, the spacing between their outside faces being virtually the same as the horizontal width of each slot 42.
  • the slots 42 are regularly staggered through a constant angle about the axis of the tube 7 and are spaced a constant distance apart along the tube.
  • the spacing between any two slots 42 disposed one vertically above the other is equal to the spacing between the pairs of lugs 40.
  • the pairs of lugs 40 can have their portions 40A inserted through two slots 42 of which one is disposed vertically above the other, and then the tube 5 is lowered such that the bottom edges of the two slots 42 in question engage with the notches 40C in the bottom edges of the lugs 40.
  • the tube 5 is now prevented by the lugs 40 from moving relatively to the tube 7 in any manner except upwardly.
  • the connection between the tube 5 and the tube 7 is infinitely adjustable along the tube 7.
  • the tube 5 is connected to the tube 7 by solely an endless steel strap 43 embracing the tubes 5 and 7.
  • a portion 43A of the strap 43 bears against the inside of the bend at the adjacent end of the tube 5, while the opposite portion 433 of the strap 43 engages the tube 7.
  • the portion 43B is of elongate cross-section with a sharp inside edge 43C engaging the tube 7, and the portion 43A may be of identical cross-section if so desired, but those portions of the strap 43 joining the portions 43A and 43B are of circular cross-section.
  • the section 58 is modified in having its longitudinal edges 44 turnedback. This is achieved by suitable shaping of the forming faces of the punch I and the die 2, the turned-back longitudinal edges being formedsimultaneously with the crushing and bending of the section 5B.
  • the edges 44 are substantially parallel to each other and to a plane containing the axes of the tubes 5 and 7, which are perpendicular to each other.
  • edges 44 are oblique to the axis of the tube 7, which axis of course extends in the direction of movement of the punch l relatively to the die 2.
  • the tube 7 is embraced by a short channel-form piece 45 which has its free longitudinal edges 46 parallel to each other and to the edges 44 and turned inwardly.
  • the edges 44 and 46 extend downwardly and outwardly away from the base of the piece 45.
  • An internally threaded nipple 47 in the base of the piece 45 receives a grub screw 48 for tightening against the outside surface of the tube 7.
  • the upper rim 49 of the piece 45 is thickened to be capable of receiving hammer blows without deformation.
  • the section 58 is placed face-to-face against the tube 7 as shown, and then the piece 45 is lowered to engage its edges 46 behind the edges 44. Thereupon, the piece 45 is driven downwardly by hammer blows to press the section 58 firmly against the tube 7 by the wedging action of the edges 44 and 46. Finally, the grub screw 48 is tightened to prevent the piece 45 from being accidentally knocked upwardly. It will be appreciated that the tube 5 can be adjusted to any desired position along the tube 7 after release of the screw 48 and the wedging action.
  • the joint shown in FIG. 18 consists of two metal rods 50 and 51 which are of circular cross-section and are disposed perpendicularly to each other. These are connected together by a crushed and bent short metal tube 52 welded to the rods 50 and 51.
  • the member 52 has been formed in a punch-and-die arrangement such as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, except that the punch I has an extension of which the lowermost face is semi-cylindrical and enters the recess 6 to crush the remainder of the short tube at the same time as the end section of the short tube corresponding to the end section 58 is crushed and bent.
  • the forming faces of the punch are of a radius identical to the radius of the rods 50 and 51, whereby the member 52 fits snugly on the rods 50 and 51.
  • a joint such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is not sufficiently rigid.
  • the joint can be strengthened by providing through the tube 7 a self-tapping screw 53 screwed into metal of the outside of the bend in the tube 5.
  • a spacer 54 limits pulling of the tube 5 towards the tube 7 by the screw 53.
  • the screw 53 is of course disposed as far as practicable from the axis 8' of the bolt 8.
  • section 58 is shown projectionwelded at 55 to the tube 7.
  • a member 52 as shown in FIG. 18 is illustrated projection-welded to the tube 7 and to the uncrushed, unbent section C of the tube 5.
  • FIG. 21 Another manner of strengthening the joint of FIGS. 3 and 4 is shown in FIG. 21, in which a gaiter S6 encircles the section 5C of the tube 5 and is fixed thereto in some manner, for example shrink-fitted thereto.
  • the gaiter 56 has an extension 56A which fits snugly against the outside surface of the tube 7 and tends to prevent turning of the tube 5 about the axis 8' in both senses.
  • FIG. 22 shows a version in which a short length of tube 57 has been inserted in the end of the tube 5 before crushing and bending of the section 58 and has thus been crushed and bent simultaneously with that section.
  • one of the longitudinal edges of the section 58 should project further than the other from the uncrushed, unbent section SC in an axial direction of the section 5C, while, nevertheless, these longitudinal edges remain parallel to each other and the section 58 remains of circular arc shape in cross-section.
  • FIG. 27 Such a version is shown in FIG. 27 and is produced using the punch 1 and the die 2 of FIGS. 24 to 26.
  • the vertical part-cylindrical forming face ID of the punch, and the corresponding vertical part-cylindrical forming wall 3C of the recess 3 are offset relatively to the vertical plane containing the axis of the recess 6.
  • the lowermost face 15 of the punch l is again radiussed to promote the progressive collapse of the section SB of the tube 5 during crushing and bending.
  • the tube 7 is received at the outside of the bend in the tube 5. It may be desired instead to have the tube 7 received at the inside of the bend in the tube 5, as shown in FIG. 31, in which the crushed and bent end section SF of the tube 5, while still of U-channel shape and fitting snugly against the outside surface of the tube 7, has its concave external surface facing towards the tube 5.
  • This formation at the end of the tube 5 can be obtained by means of the punch l and the die 2 shown in FIGS. 28 and 29.
  • the punch 1 has a vertical part-cylindrical concave face 1F merging at its lower end with a horizontal part-cylindrical concave face 10.
  • the forming vertical wall 3D of the recess 3 is of part-cylindrical convex shape and is thus complementary to the face 1F
  • the wall 3D merges into the wall of the part-cylindrical recess 6 of the die 2.
  • the face promotes the downward bending of the end section 5F relatively to the remainder of the tube 5, and later the face 1F continues the downward bending of the end section 5F and. crushes it against the wall 3D, so that the end of the tube to which this method has been applied takes on the appearance shown in FIGS. 28 to 30.
  • end section 5F may be fixed to the tube 7 by bolting as indicated at 8' in FIG. 31, rivetting, welding, or brazing, for example.
  • FIG. 32 shows the punch and die which are shown in FIG. 32 and which produce, on a tube 5 as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, a crushed intermediate section 61 which is bent relatively to the remainder of the tube 5.
  • This section 61 has its cross-section of the shape of a circular arc and has its concave external surface at the outside of the bend in the tube 5, whereby the tube 7 is received at the outside of this bend.
  • FIG. 32 shows the punch and die for use in producing the crushed section 61 of the tube 5.
  • a recess 72 which is much deeper than the recesses 71 and which has at its bottom a forming wall 73 of convex part-cylindrical shape, the axis of the wall 73 being horizontal and lying in the same vertical plane as that containing the axis of the recesses 71.
  • Joining the ends of the wall 73 to the inner ends of the walls of -the recesses 71 and merging smoothly therewith are two semi-cylindrical concave walls 74, the axes of which converge downwardly.
  • the punch 75 is guided so as to be vertically displaceable and is formed at its underneath with a concave, part-cylindrical forming face 76 which, in the fully lowered position of the punch 75, covers the forming wall 73 at a spacing therefrom equal to two thicknesses of the wall of the tube 5.
  • a concave, part-cylindrical forming face 76 Merging at their lower ends with the face 76 are two semi-cylindrical faces 77 which are provided at respective opposite sides of the punch 75 and which have their axes parallel to the axes of the walls 74.
  • the radius of the concave external surface of the crushed section 61 can be adapted to the radius of the tube 7 on which it is to be seated.
  • a tube 5 formed with a crushed intermediate section 61 and two crushed end sections 58 is particularly useful in the construction oflattices, such as shown in FIG. 35, in which two tubes 5 are fixed by way of the scctions 58 and 61 between two parallel supporting tubes 7.
  • Both the end section 58 and the intermediate section 61 may mate with a complementarily shaped portion which has been displaced out of the plane of a plate.
  • FIGS. 36 and 37 shows such an arrangement in respect of the intermediate section 61.
  • a so-called hogback 84 has been pressed out of a plate 81, and holes have been punched out of the hogback 80 and the section 61 and have been aligned to receive the bolt 82 of a nut-and-bolt connection 82, 83.
  • the hole in the section 61 for receiving the bolt 82 may be formed either after the crushing of the section 61, or be formed simultaneously with that crushing.
  • the joints described with reference to the drawings have the advantage that their shapes facilitate brazing and soldering because of the capillary attraction set up between the tubes and 7 to be joined. Another advantage is that, simultaneously with crushing of the section 5B or 61, projections can be readily formed on the section to enable it to be speedily resistance welded to the tube 7.
  • the major advantage of the examples described with reference to the drawings is that it is possible to mass produce crushed and bent tubes and rods with their cost of production and the radii of curvature of their bends being much less than with known methods.
  • a method of crushing and bending a section of a tube comprising placing in a die of a press a part of said tube including said section, and moving one of said die and a punch of said press towards the other to crush one wall portion of said section inwardly towards a diametrically opposite wall portion of said section so that said section acquires a double-walled channel form extending along said section and to bend said section and the remainder of said part one relative to the other so that said remainder extends from the base of said channel in a direction away from the mouth of said channel.
  • each of said one wall portion and said opposite wall portion is of a cross-sectional shape of substantially the form of a circular arc.
  • each of said one wall portion and said opposite wall portion is of substantially constant crosssection throughout its length.
  • said part and said section are an end part and an end section, respectively, and said end part is placed in said die such that said end part overlaps a recess in said die and that said end section lies substantially directly between said recess and said punch, and one of said die and said punch is moved towards the other such that said punch penetrates said recess and in so doing bends said end section, relatively to said remainder, into a position against a suitably shaped wall of said recess and simultaneously crushes said end section radially against said wall.
  • said section is an intermediate section of said tube, and said part is placed in said die such that said part extends across a recess in said die and that said section lies substantially directly between said recess and said punch, and one of said die and said punch is moved one towards the other such that said punch penetrates said recess and in so doing displaces said section into a position against a suitably shaped wall of said recess and simultaneously therewith bends said remainder relatively to said section and crushes said section radially against said wall.
  • a method according to claim 1 and preceded by inserting within said section a section of a second tube, the crushing and bending of the first-mentioned section being accompanied by corresponding crushing and bending of said section of said second tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
US935A 1969-01-07 1970-01-06 Crushing and bending of sections of members Expired - Lifetime US3688550A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB998/69A GB1292604A (en) 1969-01-07 1969-01-07 Improvements in or relating to the crushing and bending of tubes

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US3688550A true US3688550A (en) 1972-09-05

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US935A Expired - Lifetime US3688550A (en) 1969-01-07 1970-01-06 Crushing and bending of sections of members

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US (1) US3688550A (de)
AU (1) AU1010070A (de)
BE (1) BE744128A (de)
CH (1) CH524410A (de)
DE (1) DE2000354A1 (de)
ES (1) ES375212A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2027884B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1292604A (de)
NL (1) NL7000148A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4460290A (en) * 1980-03-28 1984-07-17 Nadella Assembly comprising a coupling element having a reinforced hub
US4987764A (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-01-29 Chen Chin Pei Method for manufacturing a seat post of a bicycle
NL1009629C2 (nl) * 1998-07-13 2000-01-17 Valk Systemen Bvvd Werkwijze alsmede inrichting voor het vormen van een uitzetstang.
US6688000B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2004-02-10 General Motors Corporation Joining of tubular parts in a T-joint by riveting/brazing
US20070246235A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation Implement frame tube joint with weldable connector
US20130186167A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Press die for simultaneous forming of bending and curling
NL1039772C2 (nl) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-25 Hal Spaw Sp Zo O Hal toegepast in de staalbouw en voornamelijk in de glastuinbouw sector en voornamelijk de daarin geplaatste vakwerkligger.

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2458329A1 (fr) * 1979-05-22 1981-01-02 Vesnier Patrick Bride de raccordement de profiles obtenue par repoussage
DK0564197T3 (de) * 1992-03-30 1997-03-24 Michael Robert Corbett
AU704545B2 (en) * 1995-05-29 1999-04-29 Alexandria Nominees Pty Ltd Support device
CN105508355B (zh) * 2016-01-07 2018-06-19 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 一种包容式节点
CN108286291A (zh) * 2018-04-03 2018-07-17 江苏盛浩工程科技有限公司 一种分组段装配式全钢构架

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US774159A (en) * 1904-02-15 1904-11-08 Frank B Cook Cross-arm brace.
US1823028A (en) * 1927-08-09 1931-09-15 Auto Research Corp Joint and method of making the same
US2285275A (en) * 1942-06-02 Bent tube section and a method of
US3374532A (en) * 1962-10-05 1968-03-26 Zenhausern Heinrich Method of making a wall-rung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2285275A (en) * 1942-06-02 Bent tube section and a method of
US774159A (en) * 1904-02-15 1904-11-08 Frank B Cook Cross-arm brace.
US1823028A (en) * 1927-08-09 1931-09-15 Auto Research Corp Joint and method of making the same
US3374532A (en) * 1962-10-05 1968-03-26 Zenhausern Heinrich Method of making a wall-rung

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4460290A (en) * 1980-03-28 1984-07-17 Nadella Assembly comprising a coupling element having a reinforced hub
US4987764A (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-01-29 Chen Chin Pei Method for manufacturing a seat post of a bicycle
NL1009629C2 (nl) * 1998-07-13 2000-01-17 Valk Systemen Bvvd Werkwijze alsmede inrichting voor het vormen van een uitzetstang.
US6688000B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2004-02-10 General Motors Corporation Joining of tubular parts in a T-joint by riveting/brazing
US20070246235A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation Implement frame tube joint with weldable connector
US7766576B2 (en) * 2006-04-21 2010-08-03 Deere & Company Implement frame tube joint with weldable connector
US20100310308A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2010-12-09 Richard Joseph Connell Implement Frame Tube Joint with Weldable Connector
US9072213B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2015-07-07 Deere & Company Implement frame tube joint with weldable connector
US20130186167A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Press die for simultaneous forming of bending and curling
NL1039772C2 (nl) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-25 Hal Spaw Sp Zo O Hal toegepast in de staalbouw en voornamelijk in de glastuinbouw sector en voornamelijk de daarin geplaatste vakwerkligger.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES375212A1 (es) 1972-03-01
FR2027884B1 (de) 1974-05-24
NL7000148A (de) 1970-07-09
BE744128A (fr) 1970-06-15
CH524410A (de) 1972-06-30
AU1010070A (en) 1971-07-08
DE2000354A1 (de) 1971-06-03
FR2027884A1 (de) 1970-10-02
GB1292604A (en) 1972-10-11

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