US3683999A - Process for casting metal with vertical pouring and horizontal cooling - Google Patents

Process for casting metal with vertical pouring and horizontal cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3683999A
US3683999A US43718A US3683999DA US3683999A US 3683999 A US3683999 A US 3683999A US 43718 A US43718 A US 43718A US 3683999D A US3683999D A US 3683999DA US 3683999 A US3683999 A US 3683999A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ingot
ingot mold
casting
mold
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US43718A
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English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Kocks
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Friedrich Kocks GmbH and Co
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19691931715 external-priority patent/DE1931715C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19691941147 external-priority patent/DE1941147C3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US3683999A publication Critical patent/US3683999A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus are provided for casting metals wherein the molten metal is cast into the top of an upright ingot mold whose axis is in a generally vertical position, the mold is capped, and then rotated so that its axis is on the horizontal position and cooling the metal in the mold while holding it with its axis in said horizontal position.
  • top poured Liquid metal cast into open top ingot molds is generally known as top poured.
  • the ingots produced by this method are recognized to have a series of inherent disadvantages such as low casting speed, high porosity and segregations. There are a number of and to improve surface of ingot. Known methods are,
  • the objective of this invention lies in preventing the above stated disadvantages and in developing a casting method for absorbing high volume of liquid metal and producing homogenous ingots or billets free of surface defects and piping.
  • the solution to this objective consists of a process including the steps of capping the ingot-mold immediately on filling and swinging the same immediately into a horizontal position.
  • a capping of the ingot can be achieved by spraying water on top of the ingot or by closing the top with a suitable cover.
  • This cap could be equipped with a mandrel submerging in the liquid metal which would freeze-in the ingot top because of high heat transmission capability.
  • a pivoting of the closed ingot mold into a horizontal axis provides the advantage that even at great heights of ingot mold, when pivoted into the horizontal, a reduction of ferrostatic pressure is achieved thus preventing forming of cracks. Therefore, this method lends itself to produce ingots with a height to diameter ratio of at least 20:1 and preferably in excess of 40:1. This practice is especially advantageous for pouring the metal at high speed, for instance ten times conventional speed in the ingot mold.
  • the rapid filling of the ingotmold reduces the time differential between initiation of skin formation between beginning and end of pouring, achieving a uniform formation of solidification of outer zone.
  • the ingot mold can ,be rotated about its longitudinal axis, vibrated or put in a pendulum type motion. An unprecedented uniform cooling can thus be achieved, resulting in a very homogenous ingot, free of porosity. The porosity would then occur in the ring zone between the solidified skin and the ingot mold.
  • solidification velocity initiated from the outer skin can be influenced to a great extend by insulating materials. This can be achieved by lining the mold with fireproof materials on inside and outside of mold or by inserting a cartridge consisting of paperor synthetics.
  • the cartridge can consist of the same material as the liquid metal.
  • a plated type ingot can be obtained when the steel cartridge is made of a difierent material than the ingoLSudden filling of the ingot makes it possible to cast ingots at an advantageous ratio of length to cross section. Therefore the described invention permits a process combining the favorable economy of continuous casting and the higher quality of conventional ingot practice.
  • Using the top-pour method with sufficient insulation and rotation of ingot a uniform temperature distribution over the ingot length and cross section is achieved so that ingot can be processed at any desired temperature without reheating and rolled without the usually occurring scale loss.
  • metals with low shrinkage characteristics can also be cast utilizing a longitudinal split ingot mold, which also facilitates extraction of ingot from mold.
  • this invention can also be used by filling only the amount of metal required for a hollow cast ingot, swinging the ingot mold into the horizontal (referred to herein also as the longitudinal axis) and rotating the same, utilizing centrifugal force to form a hollow ingot.
  • the casting process can also be executed with the ingot mold already rotating in vertical position where a parabolic cavity would be formed which after swinging into the horizontal would convert itself to a cylindrical hollow billet until the casting is solidified. It is also possible to work with a stationary ingot mold during casting and start rotation only after tilting the mold into the horizontal.
  • the apparatus consists of an ingot mold for receiving metal from a melting furnace, converter or ladle with preferably a preceeding tundish.
  • the mold is mounted so that it can pivot from the vertical to the horizontal axis and if desired a rotation can be induced.
  • the tundish can be made for instance of Hamatite in order to resist high casting speeds and to avoid leakage of metal as common with refractory lined units.
  • the tundish will also preferably incorporate a casting pipe submerged into the ingot mold with a splash shield. With this method splashing of liquid metal onto the ingot mold inner surface can be avoided for instance maintaining a constant distance between end of pouring pipe to liquid metal surface by moving the casting pipe or lowering the ingot mold orlifting the tundish.
  • the cross section of pouring pipe opening should be considerably larger than the entry opening into the pipe in order to protect pouring pipe lining against erosion through liquid metal stream.
  • Advantages of this invention are especially pronounced by a device consisting of a stationary tundish and ingot-mold guide with opposed guide rollers, a lift table which can rotate around, its horizontal axis and a horizontal roller drive with discharge pusher arranged at an opposite location.
  • the ingot-mold guide can consist of a two-piece frame where one part of the frame can be rotated and is connected to a winch.
  • the winch consists of two independently driven lifting and pivoting drums so that the ingot with lifting table can be lifted independent from the swivelling of the frame part.
  • the movable part of the ingot guide is arranged in a horizontal between the rolls of the roller drive.
  • More than one ingot mold could also be arranged in a driven frame with vertical axis of rotation and with at least one ingot lift so that during castingat least one ingot mold can be pivoted into the horizontal and at least one empty ingot mold can be inserted into frame.
  • the extraction of the filled ingot mold from the rotating frame and inserting of the empty ingot mold is provided by means of ingot cars which are equipped with individual drive and can lift the ingots by means of ingot carriers or place the same into the rotating frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a casting device according to this invention, partially in section,
  • FIG. 2 is a section according to line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a section according to line III-III of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a section according to line IVIV of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation of a casting device according to this invention, partly in section, with a rotating frame for a multitude of ingots, and
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a casting device according to FIG. 5.
  • a casting device which consists of a stationary or movable tundish 11 with a pouring pipe 12 proportional to ingot length, the exit of which is equipped with splashshield 13 to protect wall of ingot mold 14 against metal splashing.
  • the tundish l 1 is arranged above an ingot guide 15 with opposed guide rollers 16 arranged around a horizontal axis 17 where the vertical shaft 18 contains lift table 19.
  • the ingot guide 15 consists of a two-piece frame 21, 22 where the frame parts 21 can be pivoted from the horizontal into the vertical axis around center 23.
  • the roller drive 36 consists of two parallel rows of rollers 37 each individually driven by a motor 38. In the horizontal position, guide rollers 16 are arranged between twodrive rollers 37 so that the ingot 14 and the supporting frame 39 are resting on rollers 37 and can be rotated if desired.
  • the ingot mold 14 is supported by a frame 39 which can be eliminated in case of a cylindrical ingot mold geometry.
  • the ingot mold 14 is equipped with insulating refractory 41 and a steel cover 42 in order to reduce cooling speed and to obtain faultless ingot surface.
  • the free end of casting pipe 12 is located barely above lift table 19 and ingot mold 14 respectively.
  • the supporting frame 39 is in its uppermost or top position.
  • the left table 19 and support frame 39 with the ingot mold 14 are lowered by unwinding lift cables 31 at a speed corresponding to the discharge velocity of metal out of ladle 11 or the cast pipe 12 in order to maintain a con-
  • the ingot head is covered, for instance by water spray to solidify the metal or insertion of a plug, and the ladle with casting pipe 13 is removed from guide frame 15.
  • lift table 19 and ingot mold 14 travel to thetop position and are pivoted with cable 32 into the horizontal with frame part 21.
  • the pivot motion ends as soon as support frame 39 rests on rollers 37. Thereafter the drive motors 38 are energized and support frame 39 with ingot mold 14 are rotated. As soon as ingot 43 has cooled sufficiently, discharge pusher 40 is energized by moving ingot 43 from ingot mold 14, during which time the supporting frame 39 is held by a stop 44. The ingot 43 can thereafter be moved to a rolling mill as soon as the desired rolling temperature is reached.
  • the device illustrated in FIG. 5 correlates basically to the casting device according toFIG. 1 to 4. For this reason, corresponding. parts are designated by same numbers with the suffix a.
  • the basic difference is that ingot mold guide 15a is arranged above turning device 51 driven by motor 50 with vertical axis 52. Additionally, cables 31a are connected with an ingot lift consisting of car 55 guided on tracks 54 with horizontal carrier arms 56 connecting to trunion 53 during lifting and lowering of ingot supporting frame 39a.
  • the ingot carriers 63,. as well as ingot guide 15a and rotating frame 51 incorporate guide rollers 16a which can be moved up or down between which the supporting frame by means of ingot lift.
  • Turning frame 51 consists of four ingotholders 57, which can move by revolution from casting station 58to discharge station 59, the empty station 61 and bodied within the scope of the following claims.
  • ingot station 62 In cast station 58, filling of the ingot mold is accomplished according to above description during which time (at discharge station 59), ingot carrier 63 with supporting frame 39a and ingot mold 14a are removed from turning rotating frame and supplied to a roller drive (not shown). A new. ingot carrier 63 with supporting frame and empty ingot mold is inserted in rotating frame 51 at ingot station 62.
  • the ingot carriers 63 are equipped with downwards directed attachments 64 in which hooks 65 of ingot car 66 engage at discharge and ingot station 59 and 62.
  • the ingot car 66 is equipped with carrier arm 56a for support frame 39a and guided in track 67.
  • Nose 68 is equipped with a roller 69, guided in a bar 71 and connected to an endless chain 72.
  • the chain 72 operates over sprocket 73 of which only one is-driven by motor 74. As soon as filling of the ingot mold is completed, the turning frame is rotated /4 revolution so that the filled ingot mold is moved from cast station 58 into discharge station 59.
  • the books '65 engage, after energizing of motors 74 (part of ingot car 66), into lifting attachments 64 of ingot carrier 63 and the carrier arms 56a under trunions 53. With continued motion of chain 72, ingot car 66 with ingot carrier 63 moves into shown casting position as illustrated in FIG. 5, shown at discharge position (indicated by dotted lines). The supporting frame and ingot will then be discharged from ingot carrier.
  • ingot carrier 63 with empty ingot mold is inserted in ingot station 62 and lowered onto the corresponding ingot holder 57, where over lever 75 engaging hook 76 the ingot carrier 63 completes interlocking of rotating frame 51 and bolts 76 in hole 77 of frame 57.
  • the rotating frame could accommodate, due to high metal capacity, a number of cast discharge and ingot stations. Thereby between two cast stations always one Iclaim: 1.
  • a process for casting metals comprising the steps of:- r

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US43718A 1969-06-23 1970-06-05 Process for casting metal with vertical pouring and horizontal cooling Expired - Lifetime US3683999A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691931715 DE1931715C3 (de) 1969-06-23 1969-06-23 Verfahren zum Vergießen von Metallen
DE19691941147 DE1941147C3 (de) 1969-08-13 1969-08-13 Verfahren zum Vergießen von Metallen

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US3683999A true US3683999A (en) 1972-08-15

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US43718A Expired - Lifetime US3683999A (en) 1969-06-23 1970-06-05 Process for casting metal with vertical pouring and horizontal cooling

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3683999A (de)
JP (1) JPS548612B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2054587B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1294147A (de)
SE (1) SE364653B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091524A (en) * 1974-07-19 1978-05-30 Ali Bindernagel Process for producing pipe blooms
US4523622A (en) * 1981-09-02 1985-06-18 Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co. Method of manufacturing hollow metal ingots
US20100247946A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Titanium Metals Corporation Method and apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots and products resulting therefrom

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113351836A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-09-07 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 一种改善实验室小炉炼钢性能均匀性的方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE496088A (de) *
US1551590A (en) * 1923-07-19 1925-09-01 Smith Corp A O Centrifugal casting
US1802613A (en) * 1925-04-11 1931-04-28 Paper & Textile Machinery Comp Centrifugal casting machine
DE531174C (de) * 1929-10-17 1931-08-06 Ver Stahlwerke Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlbloecken durch Schleuderguss
US2193537A (en) * 1937-11-13 1940-03-12 Emil A Nelson Centrifugal casting method
US2559161A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-03 Herman Pneumatic Machine Co Method of forming cast hollow articles
AT173534B (de) * 1950-07-13 1952-12-27 Caro Werk Ges M B H Schleudergießmaschine zur Herstellung hohler Gußstücke, wie Rohre u. dgl.
US2663063A (en) * 1947-03-28 1953-12-22 Donald R Smith Molding machine and method of molding

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE542091C (de) * 1932-01-20 Fritz Halbrock Ausmauerung fuer Kokillen
DE392996C (de) * 1923-03-14 1924-03-27 Harold Heron Hosack Verfahren zum Fuellen von Blockformen
US2335385A (en) * 1942-08-07 1943-11-30 Roy H Brownlee Metal casting
BE530822A (de) * 1950-11-10
GB788813A (en) * 1954-06-24 1958-01-08 Svenska Metallverken Ab An improved method and means for the production of metal ingots
GB913260A (en) * 1959-01-29 1962-12-19 Demag Ag Lowering device for rod casting apparatus
FR1382702A (fr) * 1964-02-17 1964-12-18 Schloemann Ag Dispositif récepteur des tronçons de barre provenant d'une installation de couléecontinue

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE496088A (de) *
US1551590A (en) * 1923-07-19 1925-09-01 Smith Corp A O Centrifugal casting
US1802613A (en) * 1925-04-11 1931-04-28 Paper & Textile Machinery Comp Centrifugal casting machine
DE531174C (de) * 1929-10-17 1931-08-06 Ver Stahlwerke Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlbloecken durch Schleuderguss
US2193537A (en) * 1937-11-13 1940-03-12 Emil A Nelson Centrifugal casting method
US2559161A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-03 Herman Pneumatic Machine Co Method of forming cast hollow articles
US2663063A (en) * 1947-03-28 1953-12-22 Donald R Smith Molding machine and method of molding
AT173534B (de) * 1950-07-13 1952-12-27 Caro Werk Ges M B H Schleudergießmaschine zur Herstellung hohler Gußstücke, wie Rohre u. dgl.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091524A (en) * 1974-07-19 1978-05-30 Ali Bindernagel Process for producing pipe blooms
US4523622A (en) * 1981-09-02 1985-06-18 Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co. Method of manufacturing hollow metal ingots
US20100247946A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Titanium Metals Corporation Method and apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots and products resulting therefrom
US8074704B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-12-13 Titanium Metals Corporation Method and apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots and products resulting therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS548612B1 (de) 1979-04-17
GB1294147A (en) 1972-10-25
FR2054587A1 (de) 1971-04-23
FR2054587B1 (de) 1973-12-21
SE364653B (de) 1974-03-04

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