US3672433A - Process of casting an ingot and stripping mold very shortly thereafter - Google Patents

Process of casting an ingot and stripping mold very shortly thereafter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3672433A
US3672433A US40187A US3672433DA US3672433A US 3672433 A US3672433 A US 3672433A US 40187 A US40187 A US 40187A US 3672433D A US3672433D A US 3672433DA US 3672433 A US3672433 A US 3672433A
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ingot
lining
mold
metal
casting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US40187A
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English (en)
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Henri Jean Daussan
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/106—Configuration of hot tops

Definitions

  • PATENTEDJum m2 35729433 sum 2 OF 4 HEA/f/ dew/v Muss/w PATENTEDJUHZT 1972
  • SHEET l 0F 4 Ava/m2 PROCESS OF CASTING AN INGOT AND STRIPPING MOLD VERY SHORTLY TI-IEREAFIER This invention relates to a process for the treatment of metal ingots in which ingot molds or casting molds of similar types are intended to be stripped from ingots without any stationary period, that is to say in which stripping is performed very shortly after filling of the molds.
  • the invention is also concerned with a device for carrying out said process.
  • heat-insulating and/or exothermic lining which is placed prior to casting of a metal such as a ferrous metal on the internal surface of an ingot mold or casting mold and at the top of said surface or within the interior of a raised section or so-called hot top.
  • Said lining remains bonded to the ingot or casting at the moment of stripping of the mold and is intended to maintain the top part of the cast metal bath in the liquid state during solidification for a sufficient period of time to ensure that the pipes or cavities formed in the ingot as a result of shrinkage of this latter are filled by the metal which has remained in the liquid state at the top portion of the mold.
  • This invention is intended to reduce standing times to a minimum as well as corresponding losses of heat while obtaining better behavior of ingots or castings during solidification of these latter.
  • the process in which metal ingots are subjected to treatment in molds intended to be stripped from said ingots very shortly after filling and in which a heat-insulating and/or exothermic lining is fixed prior to casting on the internal surface of the ingot mold and/or the raised top section of said mold in the vicinity of the upper portions thereof in order that said lining should remain attached to the ingot at the time of stripping of the mold is essentially characterized by the fact that the bottom portion of the lining is applied with zero clearance against the internal wall of the ingot mold and/or the raised top section thereof along an impervious contact surface, that a narrow peripheral gap is formed above said impervious contact surface between the internal wall of the ingot mold and/or the raised top section thereof and the lateral surface of the lining and that said peripheral gap is adapted to communicate on its top portion with the atmosphere and also to communicate with the space formed internally of the lining through at least one lateral opening which is located above the impervious contact surface and permits filling of the peripheral gap with molten
  • the molten metal solidifies very rapidly in contact with the internal wall of the ingot mold and/or top section in order to form around the lining a band which ensures lateral protection of said lining at the moment of stripping and during the following operations.
  • a heat-insulating and/or exothermic covering powder is spread over the surface of the cast metal bath during filling of the ingot mold and/or top section and at the latest when the cast metal bath has reached the top level thereof, the downward motion of the surface of the cast metal bath being accompanied by said covering powder progressively as the shrinkage of the ingot mold and the filling of the peripheral gap take place so that both processes are facilitated.
  • a cover is placed on top of the cast metal bath and is bonded to the metal as solidification takes place progressively in the zone adjacent to the lining, stripping and transporting of the ingot away from the location provided for casting in ingot molds being carried out as soon as the still-unsolidified central portion of the ingot is completely isolated from the exterior, especially under the protective action of the cover and of the metal which has solidified within the peripheral gap after filling of said gap.
  • the combination of means consisting in protecting the top portion of the ingot or casting by surrounding said casting both with a peripheral band of metal and with a cover which is securely attached tothe ingot therefore provides a complete solution to the problem which consists in substantially avoiding any standing of ingots after filling of the molds without entailing any danger of projections of liquid metal during displacement of the ingots.
  • the device for carrying out the process hereinabove defined is characterized by the fact that the external surface of the heat-insulating and/or exothermic lining comprises a bottom portion which permits of impervious contact with the ingot mold and/or the raised top section thereof, said bottom portion being followed by a slightly narrowed portion having at least one opening for establishing a communication between the peripheral gap and the interior of the ingot mold.
  • the cover is prefabricated and comprises means such as anchoring rods for ensuring attachment to the metal during solidification.
  • the cover is formed within the ingot mold itself and in contact with the cast metal bath by means of a product which is spread over the surface of said bath.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in elevation and in cross-section taken along line I-I of FIG. 2 and showing a first form of construction of the lining which is placed in the top portion of an ingot mold
  • FIG. 2 is a corresponding plan view taken in cross-section along line II-II of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view derived from FIG. 1 but drawn on a larger scale after addition of a prefabricated cover to the lining;
  • FIG. 4 is a view which is similar to FIG. 1 and shown after a cover which is formed in contact with the molten metal bath has been added to the lining
  • FIG. 5 is a view in elevation and in cross-section taken along line VV of FIG. 6 and showing a second form of construction of the lining
  • FIG. 6 is a corresponding plan view taken in cross-section along line VI--VI of FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 is a view in elevation and in cross-section taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 8 and showing a third form of construction of the lining
  • FIG. 8 is a corresponding plan view.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings there is shown an ingot mold A having a substantially square horizontal cross-section with rounded comers.
  • a lining which is constructed in accordance with a first form of execution of the invention and designated by the general reference B is placed within the interior of the ingot mold.
  • Said lining, the top end face 2 of which is located at a lower level than that of the top end face 1 of the ingot mold, is constituted by four plates which are symmetrical in pairs, namely the plates 40 and 40 on the one hand and the plates 4b and M on the other hand.
  • edges 5 and 5a are in contact with each other along edges 5 and 5a, said edges being inclined symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane which passes through the longitudinal axis Y-Y of the ingot mold A in addition, the edges 5 and 5a are oblique with respect to the walls of the ingot mold.
  • the plates 4!; and 4d behave with respect to the plates 4a and 4c in much the same manner as wedges, the downward displacement of which makes it possible to obtain a very tight fit of the lining within the interior of the ingot mold.
  • the ingot mold A as illustrated in the figures has an internal wall 3 whose generator-lines are parallel to the longitudinal axis Y-Y.
  • said generatorlines are inclined at an angle which is referred-to as a drawtaper" and accordingly converge either towards the top or towards the bottom.
  • this arrangement does not have any incidence on the invention which is equally applicable to the case in which the generator-lines converge towards the top and to the case in which they converge towards the bottom. It is by reason of this lack of distinction that the ingot molds are shown in the figures without any draw-taper.
  • FIG. 1 a vertical cross-section of the lining B, it is seen from FIG. 1 that said lining is provided from the bottom upwards with three zones, namely a bottom zone having an external wall 6 which is applied in intimate contact with the internal wall 3 of the ingot mold A and with zero clearance around its entire periphery a central zone whose external wall 7 is set back relative to the wall 6 so that a peripheral gap C is accordingly formed between said wall 7 and the crizernal wall 3 of the ingot mold a top zone whose external wall 8 is in contact with the internal wall 3 of the ingot mold only over a portion of its periphery, vents 10 being formed at intervals between the wall 8 and the wall 3.
  • the vents 10 are four in number in the example shown in FIG.
  • the central zone of the lining is traversed by lateral openings 9 which provide a communication between the peripheral gap C and the space formed within the interior of the lining B said openings 9 are 12 in number in FIG. 2 and have the shape of outwardly inclined ducts, the lower portion of which is located in the external wall 7.
  • FIG. 1 There is also shown in FIG. 1 the molten metal M with which the ingot mold is filled and on the free surface of which is placed a layer consisting of a heat-insulating and/or exothermic covering powder P, the function of which will be explained below.
  • the wedging action resulting from the inclination of the edges 5 and 5a along which the plates 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are applied in contact with each other ensures on the one hand that the lining B is maintained at a fixed height within the ingot mold A and on the other hand that a contact with zero clearance is maintained between the external wall 6 of the bottom zone of the lining B and the internal wall 3 of the ingot mold A.
  • the molten metal M is then poured into the ingot mold A and this operation can be carried out at will either downhill" (from the top of the ingot mold) or uphill (from the bottom of the mold). This pouring operation is continued until the free surface of the molten metal bath reaches the level designated by NN on the left-hand side of FIGS. 1 and 3. This level NN must be located below the top end face 2 of the lining and slightly above the lateral openings 9. The molten metal M penetrates through said lateral openings into the peripheral gap C and fills this latter progressively while driving out the air which is contained therein and which is discharged to the atmosphere through the vents 10 together with the gases which are given off by the molten metal.
  • the molten metal M begins to solidify in that portion which is in contact with the lining B, namely firstly in the portion which fills the peripheral gap C and which forms a layer of small thickness between the ingot mold A and the lining B on the right-hand side of FIGS. 1 and 3, the solidified metal is represented by oblique hatchings whereas the metal which is still in the liquid state is represented by horizontal hatchings.
  • the prefabricated cover 13 is placed in position as rapidly as possible. Said cover becomes attached at its periphery to the metal which is located in the vicinity of the lining B and which begins to solidify, with the result that the cover is rapidly bonded to the ingot.
  • the cover can be fitted with anchoring means such as the rods 14 and 14a which are shown in FIG. 3 and are intended to penetrate to a substantial depth into that portion of the cast metal bath which first begins to solidify.
  • the metal ingot M can be removed from the mold by the usual means without waiting for the central portion located in the vicinity of the longitudinal axis YY to solidify up to the top.
  • the metal which has remained in the liquid state is surrounded by the cover 13 after this latter has been securely fixed to the peripheral zone which has already solidified and by the lining B which is in turn securely maintained in contact with the ingot by means of the metallic band produced by the metal which has solidified from the outset within the peripheral gap C. It will then be possible to displace the ingot without entailing the need for any stationary period or standing time after casting and without any risk of consequent danger to operating personnel.
  • the ingot After removal from the mold, the ingot is conveyed to the pits in which the solidification process is completed under the most advantageous conditions of cost and quality by eliminating standing time and resultant heat losses. If this transfer to the ingot pits is not carried out immediately for any reason, the ingots can in any case be brought to an intermediate waiting station so that the casting pit or any other working site employed for filling ingot molds may thus be freed for the following operation.
  • FIG. 4 shows another method for covering the top of the cast metal bath in which a prefabricated cover is no longer employed but in which the cover is formed within the ingot mold itself and in contact with the cast metal bath by means of a product P, which is spread over the surface of the bath after the exothermic powder P.
  • Said product P is a covering powder and by virtue of the heat given off by the metal bath and by the exothermic powder P, said powder has the property of forming a hard crust which rapidly attains a sufficient degree of strength so that said crust itself constitutes a suitable cover for protecting the top portion of the ingot a natural or synthetic binder may be employed in the composition of said cover.
  • the product P is shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 4 at the moment when said product has just been spread in the powdered state over the exothermic powder P.
  • the right-hand portion of the same figure shows the product P, when this latter has solidified so as to form a cover above the cast metal bath. It can be noted from said right-hand portion 1. That the cover formed by the product P, is in contact neither with the metal bath M nor with the exothermic powder P which is placed on said bath. In fact, as soon as the cover P, has acquired a sufficient degree of strength to be self-supporting, said cover no longer follows the shrinkage of the cast metal bath, the top surface of which moves away from said cover.
  • cover P is not flat but has a slightly concave top surface by reason of the fact that shrinkage of the cast metal bath has already commenced at the moment at which solidification of said cover takes place.
  • That the cover P is made integral with the band formed around the lining by the metal which has solidified within the peripheral gap C by virtue of the fact that the lateral openings 9 have been filled with the same metal prior to solidification of this latter.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown a lining B, which is constructed according to a second form of execution of the invention.
  • the top edge or end face 2 of the lining is located at a higher level than the top end face 1 of the ingot mold A, which makes it possible to fill said mold with the metal M up to the level of said end face 1.
  • the plates 11a, 11b, 11c, llld which constitute the four side walls of the lining are provided with shouldered portions 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d which bear on the top end face I of the ingot mold.
  • the-plates are provided with lateral openings 9 and vents as in the first form of construction.
  • the lateral edges of said plates are not juxtaposed and are separated by four wedge-shaped members 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d which are in contact with the rounded corners of the ingot mold A and the downward displacement of which serves to form a tight joint between the internal wall 3 of the ingot mold and the external wall 6 of the bottom portion of the lining B,.
  • the wedge-shaped members 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d are provided at mid-height in the same manner as the plates 11a, 11b, 1 1c, 1 1d with a central zone, the external wall of which is set back with respect to the wall of the bottom zone and is traversed by lateral openings 9 for the passage of liquid metal.
  • the metallic band which is formed around the lining B, as a result of solidification of the metal within the peripheral gap C is therefore continuous as in the first form of execution of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a lining B which is constructed in accordance with a third form of execution of the invention.
  • the top end face 2 of the lining is located at a higher level than the top end face 1 of the ingot mold A.
  • the lining B is in fact formed in one piece or at least the top portion of said lining has a wall in which there are no joints.
  • the liquid metal can be poured up to a level N which is higher than that of the top end face of the ingot mol This permits a further increase in the quantity of metal which can be cast into the same ingot mold A as in the previous embodiment while the lining B constitutes at the same time a hot top or raised top section of the ingot mold.
  • the top portion of the lining has a double wall, namely an inner wall 17 which forms an upward extension of the central zone and an outer wall 18 in the form of a sleeve which is in contact with the internal wall 3 of the ingot mold A.
  • the walls 17 and 18 are joined together at the level of the top end face of the lining by means of a ring-shaped connecting member 19 in which are formed the vents 10.
  • the ring 19 can be made up of a number of elements which are joined to the walls 17 and 18 in known manner however, said ring can also be cast in one piece with said walls so as to form a singleunit assembly.
  • a process for treating a metal ingot in a mold which is stripped from the ingot very shortly after casting metal into the mold to form the ingot comprising securing to an upper portion of the internal surface of the mold a heat-insulating lining having a lower portion applied with zero clearance against said internal surface along a contact zone impervious to the cast metal and an upper portion spaced from said internal surface and having at least one lateral opening therethrough spaced a substantial distance above said contact zone thereby to establish communication between the space inside the lining and the space between the lining and said internal surface only at least one level substantially above said contact zone and with an upper portion of said space between said lining and said internal surface communicating with the atmosphere, casting molten metal into the ingot mold until the upper surface of the cast metal reaches a level above the level of said lateral opening but below the top of the lining whereby molten metal flows through said lateral opening and flows downwardly into the space between said lining and said interior surface thereby progressively to fill the last-named space while air and gases within the last-named

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
US40187A 1969-06-02 1970-05-25 Process of casting an ingot and stripping mold very shortly thereafter Expired - Lifetime US3672433A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR6918293A FR2045124A5 (no) 1969-06-02 1969-06-02

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US40187A Expired - Lifetime US3672433A (en) 1969-06-02 1970-05-25 Process of casting an ingot and stripping mold very shortly thereafter
US00239118A Expired - Lifetime US3752435A (en) 1969-06-02 1972-03-29 Ingot-molds comprising ingot insulating means

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US00239118A Expired - Lifetime US3752435A (en) 1969-06-02 1972-03-29 Ingot-molds comprising ingot insulating means

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US (2) US3672433A (no)
AT (1) AT314112B (no)
BE (1) BE751014A (no)
ES (1) ES380056A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2045124A5 (no)
GB (2) GB1306982A (no)
LU (1) LU60967A1 (no)
NL (1) NL143155B (no)
SE (1) SE373052B (no)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3797801A (en) * 1971-08-11 1974-03-19 Colorado Refractories Corp Four-piece hot top with foldable subassemblies
US4131152A (en) * 1976-12-30 1978-12-26 Foseco Trading Ag Feeding unit for a casting
US5159969A (en) * 1989-11-22 1992-11-03 Usinor Sacilor Device for the continuous casting of thin metal strips between two rolls
CN112808953A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-18 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 一种新型钢锭冒口、钢锭模具及利用钢锭模具的浇注方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO138474C (no) * 1972-03-27 1978-09-13 Foseco Int Fremgangsmaate til stoepning av metall i en kokille som ved sin oevre ende er utstyrt med en synkeboks og anordning til fremgangsmaatens utfoerelse
DE9318843U1 (de) * 1993-12-08 1994-03-17 Maschinenfabrik Köppern GmbH & Co KG, 45529 Hattingen Vorrichtung zum Heißbrikettieren von Eisenschwamm
CN104722714B (zh) * 2015-04-01 2017-01-18 无锡蠡湖增压技术股份有限公司 能重复使用的浇冒口装备
CN106493313A (zh) * 2016-12-07 2017-03-15 丹东华强有色金属加工有限公司 一种铜合金浮动浇注方法
CN108637194A (zh) * 2018-05-24 2018-10-12 本钢板材股份有限公司 降低真空炉钢锭芯部疏松的工艺方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR767375A (fr) * 1933-04-11 1934-07-17 Maubeuge Fer Dispositif perfectionné pour la coulée de lingots
US2612667A (en) * 1948-07-13 1952-10-07 Gombosh John Ingot casting mold
GB738128A (en) * 1952-10-02 1955-10-05 Hellefors Bruks Aktiebolag Improvements in and relating to ingot moulds and feeder heads therefor
US2873492A (en) * 1956-08-21 1959-02-17 Vallak Enn Hot tops, feeders or sinking head boxes
US3178783A (en) * 1961-05-25 1965-04-20 Sandviken Jernverks Aktiebolag Hot top for ingot mold
FR1360173A (fr) * 1962-11-05 1964-05-08 Procédé et dispositif perfectionnés de coulée de métaux ferreux en lingotières

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3797801A (en) * 1971-08-11 1974-03-19 Colorado Refractories Corp Four-piece hot top with foldable subassemblies
US4131152A (en) * 1976-12-30 1978-12-26 Foseco Trading Ag Feeding unit for a casting
US5159969A (en) * 1989-11-22 1992-11-03 Usinor Sacilor Device for the continuous casting of thin metal strips between two rolls
CN112808953A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-18 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 一种新型钢锭冒口、钢锭模具及利用钢锭模具的浇注方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB1306983A (en) 1973-02-14
DE2025736A1 (de) 1970-12-10
US3752435A (en) 1973-08-14
NL143155B (nl) 1974-09-16
LU60967A1 (no) 1971-06-29
AT314112B (de) 1974-03-25
GB1306982A (en) 1973-02-14
ES380056A1 (es) 1973-04-16
BE751014A (fr) 1970-11-27
SE373052B (no) 1975-01-27
FR2045124A5 (no) 1971-02-26
NL7007897A (no) 1970-12-04

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