US3660951A - Shock shielding structure and method - Google Patents

Shock shielding structure and method Download PDF

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US3660951A
US3660951A US739351A US73935168A US3660951A US 3660951 A US3660951 A US 3660951A US 739351 A US739351 A US 739351A US 73935168 A US73935168 A US 73935168A US 3660951 A US3660951 A US 3660951A
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pressure
liner
pressurized
envelope
space
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Sidney M Cadwell
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means

Definitions

  • the shielding in n- 49 3 35 tion herein comprises a sheltering method and structure for use against the dangers incident to war and, more specifically, 56]
  • References Cited relates to a method or structure for use in shielding persons or equipment against the effects of nuclear explosion, and also ED AT TS toxic or corrosive gases and bacteria.
  • a structure or structures may be pressurized in the form of inflated envelopes to a degree such that the shock wave force of the explosion is not transmitted through the structure and into the structural interior thereof.
  • the peak shock wave or peak transmitted force normally of short duration following an explosion, which peak shock wave causes the most substantial damage after an explosion can be substantially mitigated in its effect because the shielding method and structures of the type disclosed herein result in the peak transmitted force being reduced in magnitude and spread out over a longer time duration relative to the effect of the transmitted force which is experienced or felt within said structures.
  • the overall result is that the transmitted force is reduced and spread out over a longer time period to thereby avoid the substantial damage which occurs when a peak force strikes a structure instantaneously.
  • a missile of the type which is normally mounted in a vertical position and ready to tire might be enclosed in a fabric reinforced rubber envelope which has been suitably sealed and supported in the upright position.
  • the interior of the envelope is inflated to a pressure which is greater than the total shock wave pressure which could be anticipated from an atomic explosion at the assumed distance that the envelope is placed from the point of explosion. it has been found that the missile would be protected against the forces of the shock wave, the fire wave, wind and certain of the radiation effects of the blast which would be encountered at a missile site.
  • the pressure to which the interior of the envelope is to be inflated it is necessary that a calculation be made as to the total blast pressure or total shock wave pressure which could be expected at that point.
  • inflated envelope or envelopes broadly described herein may be divided into two specific categories termed a soft envelope” and a “hard envelope.”
  • the pressure of inflation within the envelope on a broad basis, regardless of the type envelope, should not be lower than about 2%pounds per square inch (pressures referred to herein represent the pressure above atmospheric pressure, conventionally described as pounds per square inch gauge or abbreviated as psi) and preferably not lower than 5 psi; and, the upper limit normally will not exceed 3,000 psi and more specifically the upper pressure will generally be of a magnitude of about 2,000 psi or less.
  • the soft envelope inflation pressure within the above broad ranges, should generally be within the range of about 2%up to about psi; and, preferably from about 5 up to about 100 psi.
  • the hard envelope inflation pressure should generally be within the range of about 100 to about 3,000 psi; and, preferably from about 100 to about 2,000 psi. It should be understood that the intermediate pressure of 100 psi stated above as the point of division between the hard and soft envelopes is somewhat relative, and perhaps it could be more aptly stated that the point of division may actually be of a greater or lesser magnitude so long as the concept is met that the soft envelope is inflated to a pressure considerably lesser magnitude than the hard envelope.
  • the inventive concept underlying the above described hard and soft envelopes is based on the discovery that a soft envelope generally attenuates or protects best against the peak shock wave resulting from an explosion, whereas a hard envelope generally attenuates or protects best against the vibrations or reduced shock waves following an explosion. This concept is discussed more fully hereinafter in relation to certain structural embodiments of the invention.
  • the simplest fonn of the structure will be fabricated from a rubber exterior or outer covering witha single or plurality of layers or plies of weftless or woven fabric.
  • the fabric may be constructed of any of the natural fabrics, such as cotton, silk, wool, or any of the synthetic fabrics, such as nylon, rayon, dacron.
  • the plies could be constructed of such materials as steel or glass weftless or woven fabric. in cases where the pressure within the structure or structures is relatively low, little or no reinforcement will be necessary and the structure may be wholly constructed of a thick wall of carbon black reinforced rubber or other material.
  • the thickness of the rubber in this latter case will be of the order of one-fourth to 1 inch in thickness, depending on the internal pressure of the envelope. If greater thicknesses are utilized, a certain amount of attenuation of the shock wave will be achieved within the wall itself.
  • the invention will be described as being primarily composed of rubber and fabric, it is to be understood that any polymeric or plastic material that is solid and, importantly, is somewhat flexible at ordinary temperatures may be used. These materials include all synthetic rubbers and all plastics which exhibit the above described characteristics. Other considerations in the exterior covering are the ability to withstand heat and the radiation effects of the atomic blast along with the characteristics of being impervious to chemical and bacteriological materials which may be used. Similarly, the exterior covering may be chosen for its capability of inherently attenuating shock waves; and, in this regard, it is to be noted that rubber has an inherent characteristic of attenuation of shock waves, the attenuation being proportional to the thickness of the rubber employed.
  • the structure will be built up of a double wall configuration, the wall construction being of the type described above, with the portion between the two walls pressurized.
  • the double wall construction it is only neces sary that the space between the two walls be sufficiently pressurized and the interior of the structure may be maintained at atmospheric pressure. In this way, it is not necessary that the personnel contained in the shelter wear pressurized suits or other encumbering apparatus.
  • the wall will be compartmentized or constructed of a plurality of air ockets, with each compartment pressurized to the calculated pressure.
  • the pressurizing fluid would escape from the whole envelope if the envelope were punctured is precluded. If the fluid were lost from the whole envelope, the personnel contained therein would be vulnerable to subsequent blast and radiation effects.
  • part or all of the surfaces of the reinforced rubber may be covered with metal plates or the like or a portion of the surface structure may be metal with other portions of rubber construction.
  • a double metal wall would be built up around the submarine with a pressurized double wall construction disposed between the two separated metal walls.
  • the inner metal may be the outer hull of the submarine or vessel.
  • the waterproof inner metal covering of the submarine will not be penetrated or buckled due to the explosion, thus precluding the entry of water to the interior of the submarine.
  • certain portions, or all areas, of surface ships may be enclosed in a structure of the type described above; that is, the double wall construction, to protect personnel or equipment which may be contained therein.
  • the personnel which are contained within the interior of the landing ship may be protected from blasts by providing a protective covering of the type described above.
  • the fluid with which the structure is to be pressurized it is contemplated that air or nitrogen are preferable gases to be used, but any permanent type of gas may be chosen.
  • the gas for inflating the structure due consideration must be had to the diffusibility, combustibility and explosibility of the gas. It is preferable to have a gas which is inert in its explosive or combustive character and diffuses only slowly, and it is further desired that the gas be electrically insulating.
  • FIG. 1 is a representative illustration in cross section of a missile silo wherein certain principles of the present invention are being utilized;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. 1, illustrating one preferred construction of the walls of the structures of FIGS. 1 and 3;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shelter for personnel and equipment utilizing certain other principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration in cross section of another embodiment of a structure for use in protecting personnel and equipment
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the door structure to be utilized in the shelter illustrated in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the door structure of FIG. 5 illustrating the door in position on the shelter of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view partially illustrating a construction embodying the principles of the invention to be utilized in protecting submersible and surface vessels in addition to land vehicles;
  • FIG. 8 is a illustration in cross-section of another structural embodiment wherein a hard envelope is utilized in combination with an overlying soft envelope.
  • the present invention comprises a structure for protecting personnel and/or equipment from the effects of an explosion having a shock wave pressure comprising: a first high strength, relatively rigid, material liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape and having its general extremities sealed to a surface, a second flexible resilient liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said first liner means and said second liner means having its general extremities sealed to a surface, and means pressurizing the space between said first and second liner means to a pressure at least as great as the shock wave pressure.
  • the present invention comprises a method of using a structure to protect against the effects of an explosion having a shock wave pressure, said structure being comprised of: a first high strength, relatively rigid, material liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape, a second flexible resilient liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said first liner means, means pressurizing the space between said first and second liner means to a pressure between about 5 and about 3,000 pounds per square inch, to thereby form a pressurized envelope, said method comprising the steps of: (A) assembling said structure in a desired orientation and environment, and (B) using said structure to protect personnel and/or equipment from said effects of explosion.
  • liner or liner means it is meant a liner or wall structure which may be made of numerous satisfactory materials and which may be of numerous shapes.
  • FIG. I there is illustrated a representation of a silo containing a missile 12 therein of the type which is either adapted to be fired while stillwithin the silo, or may be raised to a point above the level of the earth for firing.
  • the silo 10 is constructed of a concrete casing 14 which surrounds the missile 12 having a pair of access tunnels 16 and 18 emanating therefrom.
  • the lower portion of the silo 10 is provided with a pad assembly 20 which supports the missile l2 and may be used to raise the missile 12 above the ground into firing position.
  • lnterposed between the walls 14 of the silo l0 and the missile 12 is a pressurized envelope 22 of the type utilizing principles of the present invention.
  • a portion of the earth 24 is dug out and suitable forms are provided to fabricate the walls thereof.
  • the upper portion of the silo 10 is provided with a door mechanism 26 having a pair of doors 28, 30 which may be opened just prior to the firing of the missile 12.
  • the access tunnels l6 and 18 are integrally formed with the walls of the silo and provide easy access to the missile for testing and inspection purposes.
  • the fioor of the silo 10 is provided with the pad assembly 20 which includes a raising and lowering mechanism, partially illustrated as structural elements 32, 34 and 36, and a source of power (not shown) to provide power to the structural elements 32, 34 and 36, thereby raising the missile into the firing position.
  • a second floor 38 is provided for a purpose to be hereinafter explained.
  • the shelter assembly 22 generally comprises a reinforced rubber envelope 40, which is of I a construction to be hereinafter explained, and a support pad 42 contained therein which is adapted to resiliently support the missile 12 within the envelope 40.
  • the envelope 40 is constructed of a generally circular side wall section 42 and a bottom 44 integrally fonned therewith.
  • the top of the envelope 40 is provided with a pair of overlapping ends 46, 48 which are suitably sealed to each other as by a sealant 50.
  • the method of sealing the upper portion of the envelope 40 is not critical to the invention, but it is contemplated that the upper surface of overlapping portion 46 may be suitably fastened against the cover portion 52 of the intermediate cover 38 with the upper surface of the other overlapping portion 48 bearing against the lower surface of the overlapping portion 46 with the sealant 50 maintaining the two portions 46, 48 in position.
  • the interior 54 of the envelope 40 is suitably pressurized through a pressure valve 56 which may be of any known construction.
  • a pressure valve 56 which may be of any known construction.
  • the sealant 50 may be of any compressible, tacky substance which will adhere to member 46 under pressure and may be released on a relief of the pressure in envelope 40.
  • the envelope 40 is suitably held in place by fastener brackets 60 which may be of any construction or of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1, and which are embedded into the side walls 14 of the silo 10.
  • a suitable pressure gauge 62 is also provided which is adapted to read the interior pressure of the envelope 40 and the exterior pressure or atmospheric pressure in a normal situation, or shock wave pressure in a situation where an explosion has occurred.
  • the operating personnel of the missile site may be provided with information as to the differential pressure between the interior and exterior of the envelope 40.
  • the operating personnel watch the indication of the pressure gauge 62 for an indication that the pressure in the area exterior to the envelope 40 has dropped to atmospheric pressure.
  • This indicator preferably will be mounted at a remote position from the gauge 62.
  • the initial shock wave pressure caused by the blast will be registered and a second shock wave pressure will be registered sometime later, the second pressure being caused by the rush of air and debris into the vacuum created by the explosion. It is not until after the second pressure indication that the missile will be readied for operation; When it is decided to fire the missile, the door 52 is operated along with doors 26 and 28, thus opening the way to the exterior of the silo 10.
  • the upper overlapped portion 46 When door 52 is open, the upper overlapped portion 46 will be carried therewith, and any suitable mechanism will be provided to open or extend lower overlappingportion 48.
  • suitable conventional interlocking mechanism between overlapping portions 46' and 48 may be provided. With the opening of the overlapping portions 46 and 48, the pressure 'within the envelope 40 will be reduced to atmospheric pressure and the missile will be ready for operation. If the missile is to be raised from the silo, a suitable source of power must be provided to shear the clamping members 60 from the wall 14 of the silo 10 in order to free the missile 12 and its envelope 40 from the silo.
  • the pad 20 may be made smaller than the bottom 44 and the envelope 40 will be inverted as the missile 12 is raised.
  • FIG. 2 representatively illustrates one preferred construction of the wall of the'envelope 40.
  • the wall is constructed of an exterior layer 70 of rubber or other material, as described above, with a plurality of layers or plies of reinforcing fabric 72 provided on the interior thereof.
  • the interior of the wall is provided with an inner sealing liner 74 which prevents any appreciable amount of the pressurized fluid from entering the plies 72 and separating them or separating the plies 72 from the exterior layer 70.
  • the plies 72 are built up of a plurality of layers of fabric such as would be normally found in a tire construction. As stated above, these plies may consist of weftless fabric or woven fabric formed of any natural or synthetic fibers as will as steel or glass.
  • the plies are utilized primarily for structural rigidity and strength and are suitably chosen forthese characteristics.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated an alternate embodiment of the present invention which may be primarily utilized for protecting equipment which is operated by personnel and the personnel which may be contained therein.
  • the structure 78 is representatively illustrated as being constructed of an open ended barrel-shaped member 80 with an upper end member 82 and a lower end member 84 closing off the ends of the barrel member 80.
  • the personnel and equipment are enclosed within the space provided between members 82 and 84.
  • the interior of barrel member 80 is lined with a tubular steel liner 8510 support member 80 and a top disc 87 and bottom disc 89 are provided for additional strength.
  • member 80 may additionally include suitable structural truss members, not shown, for structural rigidity.
  • the walls of members 80, 82 and 84 are constructed of a double wall member 86 having an outer wall 88 and an inner wall 90 joined at either end by a layer of rubber 92, 94 to seal the ends thereof.
  • a pair of generally circular pressurized fillets 91, 93 have been provided. It is to be noted that the interior of the fillets 91, 93 are hollow and pressurized as in the case of members 80, 82 and 84 to reflect any shock wave encountered at the juncture of members 82, 80 and 80, 84.
  • At least one and, in many cases, a plurality of intermediate rib members 96 are provided intermediate the ends of the wall member 86.
  • the barrel-strapped wall member 86 is suitably compartmentized by the plurality of intermediate members 96, which provide air pockets 98 and 100 within the wall member 86.
  • this compartmentizing provides additional safety for the interior of the barrel member 86 to provide against the contingency of foreign objects puncturing one of the compartments 98 or 100, and precluding the loss of the entire pressurized area between the outer wall 88 and inner wall 90.
  • the wall 86 is provided with additional members (not shown) which extend longitudinally of the barrel-shaped member 80, thereby co'mpartmentalizing the structure in the transverse direction.
  • the top and bottom members 82 and 84 are similarly formed, thus providing a cellular type structure for the whole construction.
  • the top and bottom members are suitably attached to the barrel member 80 by any method which will provide rigidity and strength to the structure. It is to be noted that access to the interior of the structure must be provided and this may be done through any suitable access opening (not shown) in the top 82 or in the barrel member 80.
  • the wall construction 88 and 90 and the wall construction of the top and bottom members 82 and 84 are formed similar to that shown in FIG. 2, and the outer wall 88 is turned back to back with the inner wall 90 and the upper and bottom members are similarly constructed.
  • the interior of the member 80 is provided with the equipment to be protected along with an air-conditioning and oxygen unit 102 to provide oxygen and comfort to the personnel and additionally to lower the temperature in the structure due to the heat dissipated by the equipment contained therein.
  • the site at which the structure of FIG. 3 is used may be sufficiently spaced from the anticipated point of explosion of the atomic weapon such that the top 82 may be omitted, thereby still providing protection against blast effects for the equipment and personnel contained within the structure 78.
  • the member 80 may be used or a pair of rectangular members of the construction illustrated in FIG. 3 be placed at a point spaced from the point of explosion and personnel could position themselves between the two rectangular members.
  • the rectangular members will be positioned with the flat side thereof facing the point of explosion thereby protecting the personnel from the direct blast.
  • the back portion or other wall will be placed behind the personnel further spaced from the point of explosion to protect the personnel from the counterblast which will be produced by air and debris rushing into the vacuum created by the initial blast.
  • an extremely simplified and easily transportable structure is provided for the protection of personnel and equipment. It is anticipated that a structure of this type will be utilized in an area where the pressure would not be too great as to endanger the personnel.
  • a hemispherical dome-type shelter 110 which is generally constructed of an inner steel or similar metal shell 112 and an outer shell 114, spaced therefrom and constructed of rubber or other suitable material.
  • the outer shell 114 may be formed solely of a rubber layer or may be formed of a construction similar to that illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the two shells, 112 and 114 are suitably anchored at the lower edges thereof by embedding the edges in concrete or attaching them to a series of concrete posts 116 by means of a plurality of fasteners 118.
  • the space between the inner shell and outer shell 114 is pressurized to a pressure which is sufficient to reflect the explosive shock wave which may be anticipated, as described above.
  • the pressure between shells 112 and 114 may be such as to form a hard envelope protective shelter or a soft envelope protective shelter, as discussed hereinabove, or still further the structure may be such as to form a soft envelope over a hard envelope type structure as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the floor of the shelter is protected from any bomb tremors or other shock waves received generally upwardly from the ground by means of a pressurized floor assembly 120 which may be compartmentalized, as described in conjunction with FIG. 3, and is pressurized to a pressure which is of the same order of magnitude as the pressure between shells 112 and 114.
  • the floor assembly may be fonned of a plurality of generally concentric circular compartments having a plurality of cavities 122 formed therein which are suitably attached to each other in any well known manner, as for example by, attaching in the molding process.
  • the floor may be formed of a plurality of small, closely spaced cells, as would be the case in the cellular structure of greatly magnified foam or other closed cell material.
  • the concentric circular structure would be preferable.
  • the interior of the structure may be provided with visual access to the exterior of the dome 110 by means of a periscope 124 and suitable airconditioning equipment 126 or other convenient facilities, such as a lavatory and washing facilities.
  • Entrance to the dome structure of FIG. 4 may be provided with a door assembly 129, the details of which are illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • a door 128 is provided in the dome structure and is of a similar steel construction as the liner 112 to provide the same structural rigidity as the dome structure.
  • the exterior of the door 128 is covered with a pressurized cover assembly of a type similar to that illustrated in HG. 3, that is, the covering assembly comprises an outer wall 130 and an inner wall 132 joined by a plurality of webs 134.
  • a plurality of longitudinally extending webs may be provided to further compartmentalize the interior structure between the walls 130 and 132.
  • the cavities of the shells provided by walls 130, 132 and 134 would be pressurized by pressure which was of the same magnitude as the pressure between shells 112 and 114.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the door structure 129 in the closed position and it is to be noted that the upper portion of the door overlaps the lower portion of the outer shell 114 which converges with shell 112 to provide a sharp angle between the inner shell 112 and outer shell 114. While the pressure between shell 112 and 114 would be the same at this area as in other areas of the dome structure, the portion of the dome structure where the two shells 112, 114 meet, would have to be protected by a pressurized area; thus an overlapping is provided. Similarly, at the bottom, a close fit between the ground and the door 129 is provided to preclude shock wave pressure from entering the interior of the dome at a point adjacent the ground level.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a further embodiment of the present invention which is particularly adapted to be utilized on submerged vehicles such as submarines, diving bells, submerged equipment and other like objects. Also the construction illustrating FIG. 7 may be utilized on the hull of a surface ship or other vehicles to provide protection from torpedo or bomb explosions which may occur adjacent a ship.
  • the modification is only shown partially, and it is to be understood that the structure illustrated would be provided around the complete exterior of the ship or vessel of the type described.
  • the structure is applied to an outer hull of the ship and a second blister wall 142 has been applied thereto spaced from the hull 140.
  • the space between the two metal walls 140, 142 is filled with a cellular structure 144 fabricated of a generally flexible material.
  • the cellular structure 144 may be composed solely of a layer of rubber or may be formed of the wall construction illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the structure 144 generally comprises a pair of walls 146, 148 which are joined at their ends by webs 150 to suitably seal the sides of the cell.
  • the interior of the cell is pressurized to a pressure which is greater than the expectant shock wave pressure from an explosion which may occur nearby.
  • the peak force of the explosion hitting the blister wall 142 will be substantially reduced by the walls 146, 148 and the internally pressurized volume.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention, similar to FIG. 4, but wherein the shelter structure is comprised of a first pressurized hard envelope formed by the shells 112 and 114, and a second pressurized soft envelope formed by the shells 115a and 1l5b.
  • the soft rubber envelope so formed surrounds or overlays the hard envelope for the reason that the soft envelope attenuates or protects best against the peak shock pressure, whereas the inner hard envelope attenuates or protects best against vibrations which generally may be considered to follow the peak shock pressure.
  • FIG. 8 structure, and for this matter the FIG. 4 structure also, are very specific illustrative embodiments; and, it should be understood that numerous variations therein, such as changes in geometric design, materials of construction, size, etc., may be made without departing from the concept and scope of this invention.
  • a shelter for protecting personnel and/or equipment from the effects of an explosion having a shock wave pressure comprising:
  • a metal dome-like inner liner formed generally hemispherical in shape and having its edges sealed to a surface
  • a flexible dome-like outer liner formed generally hemispherical in shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said metal inner liner and having its edges sealed to the surface, and
  • the shelter of claim 1 further including a door for gaining access to the interior of the shelter having an interior metal liner and an outer structure formed of an outer flexible wall,
  • compressible fluid means pressurizing said cavities to a pressure at least as great as said shock wave pressure.
  • a structure, for protecting personnel and/or equipment from the effects of explosion having a shock wave pressure comprising:
  • a metal inner liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape and having its edges sealed to a surface
  • a flexible outer liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said metal inner liner means and said outer liner means having its edges sealed to a surface, and
  • a metal dome-like inner liner formed generally hemispherical in shape and having its edges sealed to a surface
  • a flexible dome-like outer liner formed generally hemispherical in shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said metal inner liner and having its edges sealed to the surface, and
  • Astructure as in claim 3 wherein said means pressurizing the space between said inner and outer liner means is pressurized to a pressure between about 5 and about 3,000 pounds per square inch.
  • a structure for protecting personnel and/or equipment from the effects of an explosion having a shock wave pressure comprising:
  • a first high strength, relatively rigid, material liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape and having its general extremities sealed to a surface
  • a second flexible resilient liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said first liner means and said second liner means having its general extremities sealed to a surface, and 7 means pressurizing the space between said first and second liner means to a pressure at least as great as the shock wave pressure.
  • the structure of claim 1 further including a door for gaining access to the interior of the shelter having an interior metal liner and an outer structure formed of an outer flexible wall,
  • compressible fluid means pressurizing said cavities to a pressure at least as great as said shock wave pressure.
  • a method of using a structure to protect against the effects of a nuclear explosion having a shock wave pressure said structure being comprised of:
  • a metal dome-like inner liner formed generally hemispherical in shape and having its edges sealed to a surface
  • a flexible dome-like outer liner formed generally hemispherical in shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said metal inner liner and havings its edges sealed to the surface, and
  • said method comprising the steps of:
  • a method of using a structure to protect against the effects of a nuclear explosion having a shock wave pressure said structure being comprised of:
  • a first high strength, relatively rigid, material liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape and having its general extremities sealed to a surface
  • a second flexible resilient liner means for partially carrying out said protecting and being formed generally of a protective shape having at least a portion thereof disposed spaced from said first liner means and said second liner means having its general extremities sealed to a surface, and
  • said method comprising the steps of:
  • the structure of claim 1 further including 5 a soft envelope, containing pressurized fluid, and formed at least partially of flexible resilient resilient material, said soft envelope generally overlaying the exterior of said 15.
  • the structure of claim 14 wherein said hard envelope is pressurized to a pressure between 100 and about 3,000 pounds per square inch, and said soft envelope is pressurized to a pressure between about 5 and less than l00 pounds per square inch. 16.
  • said soft enassPmblymg said structure a desired 01161113110" and velope generally overlaying the exterior of said space enflmnn'lemi and which is pressurized between said first and second liner 531d sifuctm'e to P Personnel and/Or q 'P means, Said space constituting men t from said effects of explosion.

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US739351A 1965-01-14 1968-06-24 Shock shielding structure and method Expired - Lifetime US3660951A (en)

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DE (3) DE1953363U (de)
FR (1) FR1462853A (de)
GB (1) GB1137182A (de)

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US3909992A (en) * 1974-03-18 1975-10-07 Us Navy Inflatable ice igloo
US3936984A (en) * 1971-10-28 1976-02-10 Stephen Yando Insulated air inflated structures
US4038788A (en) * 1973-01-16 1977-08-02 Willem Maria August Claessens Sliding roof
US4257199A (en) * 1979-05-31 1981-03-24 Kazuo Kuboyama Stadium cover
US4625468A (en) * 1983-07-05 1986-12-02 Hampel Viktor E Temporary/portable nuclear fallout shelter
US4632041A (en) * 1983-10-20 1986-12-30 Aktiebolaget Bofors Blasting chamber
US4671189A (en) * 1984-03-26 1987-06-09 David Constant V Nuclear war group survival: structures and camp site
US5247768A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-09-28 Vincent Russo Inflatable structure
US5678358A (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-10-21 Koledin; Michael J. Soldier fighting cover
EP1273743A1 (de) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-08 DORNIER GmbH Pneumatische Wandkonstruktion
US6550189B2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2003-04-22 Andrew B. Shelton Weather shelter
WO2004109041A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-16 Peace Keeper Ltd Inflatable hermetically sealable shelter
US20050057802A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-17 Burman Allan V. Building with roof mounted periscope
US20060005474A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-12 Bigelow Robert T Emergency safe haven
US20060176551A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2006-08-10 Burman Allan V Building with roof mounted periscope
US20080190276A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2008-08-14 Barger James E Systems and methods for explosive blast wave mitigation
US20080271387A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2008-11-06 Astrium Gmbh High-Frequency Measuring Hangar for Measuring Large Test Objects
US20100186306A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Thomas Langner Building Encasement Element
US20110198788A1 (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 James Michael Hines Shock wave generation, reflection and dissipation device.
US20110226166A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Recon International FZE Overhead protection system
US20130042541A1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2013-02-21 Cabreeco Companies Llc Convertible enclosure
US20130263726A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 The Boeing Company Method and system for attenuating shock waves via an inflatable enclosure
US8740071B1 (en) 2011-11-22 2014-06-03 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for shockwave attenuation via cavitation
US8806945B2 (en) 2011-11-22 2014-08-19 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for shockwave attenuation
US8981261B1 (en) 2012-05-30 2015-03-17 The Boeing Company Method and system for shockwave attenuation via electromagnetic arc
US20180292182A1 (en) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-11 Contego Research, LLC Field-deployable ballistic protection system

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DE3714354A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-10 Siemens Ag Gebaeude aus betonwaenden, insbesondere fuer kerntechnische anlagen
EP1449986A1 (de) * 2003-02-21 2004-08-25 Albert Claerbout Schutzgehäuse
FR2851602B1 (fr) * 2003-02-21 2005-04-29 Albert Claerbout Enceinte de protection
GB2407039B (en) * 2003-10-11 2005-12-14 Cintec Int Ltd Improvements in and relating to blast mitigation structures

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US3044515A (en) * 1959-04-27 1962-07-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Self-erecting collapsible containers
US3104441A (en) * 1959-05-04 1963-09-24 Flexicore Co Inflatable core tube for molding concrete
US3086753A (en) * 1960-10-24 1963-04-23 Walton W Cushman Combined shelter and pneumatic jack
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Cited By (36)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936984A (en) * 1971-10-28 1976-02-10 Stephen Yando Insulated air inflated structures
US4038788A (en) * 1973-01-16 1977-08-02 Willem Maria August Claessens Sliding roof
US3909992A (en) * 1974-03-18 1975-10-07 Us Navy Inflatable ice igloo
US4257199A (en) * 1979-05-31 1981-03-24 Kazuo Kuboyama Stadium cover
US4625468A (en) * 1983-07-05 1986-12-02 Hampel Viktor E Temporary/portable nuclear fallout shelter
US4632041A (en) * 1983-10-20 1986-12-30 Aktiebolaget Bofors Blasting chamber
US4671189A (en) * 1984-03-26 1987-06-09 David Constant V Nuclear war group survival: structures and camp site
US5247768A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-09-28 Vincent Russo Inflatable structure
US5678358A (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-10-21 Koledin; Michael J. Soldier fighting cover
US6550189B2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2003-04-22 Andrew B. Shelton Weather shelter
EP1273743A1 (de) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-08 DORNIER GmbH Pneumatische Wandkonstruktion
US6598613B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2003-07-29 Dornier Gmbh Pneumatic wall structure and a method of making and erecting same
WO2004109041A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-16 Peace Keeper Ltd Inflatable hermetically sealable shelter
US20050057802A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-17 Burman Allan V. Building with roof mounted periscope
US20060176551A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2006-08-10 Burman Allan V Building with roof mounted periscope
US7230755B2 (en) 2003-09-17 2007-06-12 Burman Allan V Building with roof mounted periscope
US20060005474A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-12 Bigelow Robert T Emergency safe haven
US7421936B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2008-09-09 Bbn Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for explosive blast wave mitigation
US20080190276A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2008-08-14 Barger James E Systems and methods for explosive blast wave mitigation
US20080271387A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2008-11-06 Astrium Gmbh High-Frequency Measuring Hangar for Measuring Large Test Objects
US7992348B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2011-08-09 Astrium Gmbh High-frequency measuring enclosure for measuring large test objects
US20100186306A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Thomas Langner Building Encasement Element
US7849635B2 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-12-14 Vector Foiltec Building encasement element
US9915062B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2018-03-13 Convertible Living Llc Structure having convertible roof and walls
US20170145682A1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2017-05-25 Cabrio Companies Llc Convertible enclosure
US20130042541A1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2013-02-21 Cabreeco Companies Llc Convertible enclosure
US8701356B2 (en) * 2010-01-12 2014-04-22 Cabrio Companies Llc Structure having convertible roof and walls
US20110198788A1 (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 James Michael Hines Shock wave generation, reflection and dissipation device.
US8966669B2 (en) 2010-02-12 2015-03-03 James Michael Hines Shock wave generation, reflection and dissipation device
US20110226166A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Recon International FZE Overhead protection system
US8806945B2 (en) 2011-11-22 2014-08-19 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for shockwave attenuation
US8740071B1 (en) 2011-11-22 2014-06-03 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for shockwave attenuation via cavitation
US8677881B2 (en) * 2012-04-10 2014-03-25 The Boeing Company Method and system for attenuating shock waves via an inflatable enclosure
US20130263726A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 The Boeing Company Method and system for attenuating shock waves via an inflatable enclosure
US8981261B1 (en) 2012-05-30 2015-03-17 The Boeing Company Method and system for shockwave attenuation via electromagnetic arc
US20180292182A1 (en) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-11 Contego Research, LLC Field-deployable ballistic protection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1299404B (de) 1969-07-17
DE1953363U (de) 1967-01-12
GB1137182A (en) 1968-12-18
FR1462853A (fr) 1966-12-16
DE1956064U (de) 1967-02-23

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