EP1449986A1 - Schutzgehäuse - Google Patents

Schutzgehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1449986A1
EP1449986A1 EP04447045A EP04447045A EP1449986A1 EP 1449986 A1 EP1449986 A1 EP 1449986A1 EP 04447045 A EP04447045 A EP 04447045A EP 04447045 A EP04447045 A EP 04447045A EP 1449986 A1 EP1449986 A1 EP 1449986A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
enclosure
water
advantageously
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04447045A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Claerbout
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0302172A external-priority patent/FR2851602B1/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1449986A1 publication Critical patent/EP1449986A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is an enclosure for protection against the blast of an explosion. or a thrust resulting from a flame at high temperature, as well as against thermal effects of an ambient fire on a metal structure.
  • Elements of protection (flexible, light or substantially flexible) against fire exist, these elements enveloping a valve or a pipe of a chemical installation, petrochemical, etc. These elements if they make it possible to resist the thermal effect of fires or fires are not able to withstand the breath of an explosion.
  • the present invention relates to a protective enclosure capable of withstanding the breath of an explosion or thrust resulting from a flame at high temperature, as well as the thermal effects of an ambient fire, for example for more than 30 minutes, in particular for more than 60 minutes or more.
  • the enclosure will define a protected chamber of volume greater than 1m 3 , in particular of volume between 2 and 50m 3 , for example between 2 and 30m 3 , such as a volume of 3, 5, 8, 10, 15m 3 , 20m 3 , etc.
  • the enclosure will preferably be easy to assemble and disassemble without requiring heavy equipment.
  • the envelope or each envelope is made of steel, advantageously stainless, and has a free volume capable of containing water or an aqueous solution of at least 0.5 m 3 , for example at least 1 m 3 , 1.5m 3 , 2m 3 , 3m 3 , 5m 3 , or even more.
  • the envelope or envelopes once filled or partially filled with water ensure a sufficient weight of the enclosure so as to oppose a displacement of the enclosure following a blast.
  • the enclosure comprises several separate envelopes linked together by one or more conduits adapted to allow the passage of water or solution aqueous from one envelope to another envelope by the principle of vases communicating.
  • the enclosure is associated with a water supply and with a control device for adjusting the level of water or of aqueous solution in the envelope or envelopes.
  • the enclosure is made to be able to contain a quantity of water sufficient to cope with a fire lasting several hours, in the envelopes or in one or more tanks located in the enclosure.
  • the envelope or envelopes are associated with a means for preventing the formation of gel.
  • a means may be an electrical or heating resistance capable of maintaining a temperature above 0 ° C of the water present in the envelope or envelopes.
  • Such a means is also an additive added to the water to avoid freezing thereof or to reduce the freezing point thereof.
  • additives are, for example, salts, glycols, NaCl, CaCl, ethylene glycol.
  • each side wall is associated with at least a buttress extending in the chamber and bearing on a base, said buttress being adapted to oppose an external thrust on the wall.
  • the side wall or walls have an insulating layer facing the exterior of the enclosure with respect to an envelope adjacent to said insulating layer.
  • the wall or walls comprise an envelope comprising a metal frame or structure to which are attached one or more buttresses.
  • the enclosure comprises one or more side walls defining a substantially circular or polygonal outer shape with at least 5 sides, advantageously at least 6 sides, preferably at least 8 sides.
  • substantially the entire lower edge of the wall (s) extends in a groove or groove of a base or in adjacent base grooves.
  • the groove or groove is associated with a channel for discharging water out of the enclosure.
  • the envelope has a metal wall facing the layer of insulation and a metal wall facing the interior of the chamber, said metal walls being interconnected by metal I-beams.
  • the metal walls have a thickness of at least 2mm, advantageously at least 4mm, preferably between 5 and 30, in particular between 8 and 20mm
  • the enclosure according to the invention comprises an air supply channel fresh in the room, whose entrance is advantageously located outside the area fire or fire zone, and an air and / or vapor exhaust channel outside of the room, advantageously via a device preventing the entry of hot air coming from outside.
  • the intake channel and the evacuation channel pass under the lower level of a wall.
  • the enclosure may be provided with means for controlling the amount of water present in the envelope and / or to maintain at least a minimum level of water in the envelope.
  • the evacuation of steam from the envelope comprises a means opposing the evacuation of steam for a pressure in the envelope lower than a determined pressure.
  • the means opposing the evacuation of steam from the envelope is chosen from among group consisting of valves, rupture discs, check valve and combinations of these.
  • the object of the invention is also to protect by means of a following enclosure the invention at least one component of an installation which could be subjected accidentally at a large fire and blast.
  • the installations concerned can be fuel and / or explosive gas treatment units, in particular units liquefaction, gasification, expansion and / or compression of gas, such as natural gas (methane), propane, hydrogen, etc.
  • the invention also relates to chemical or petrochemical installations of which at least one organ is placed in an enclosure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a closed enclosure 1 substantially cylindrical, in which a suitable door 2 (for example of the type shown in Figure 4) can be fitted to access the interior and a removable roof 3 to allow big works.
  • a suitable door 2 for example of the type shown in Figure 4
  • a removable roof 3 to allow big works.
  • the protective enclosure 1 has a vertical wall 4 in one piece or a series of walls linked together allowing the assembly and disassembly of the enclosure.
  • the circular wall 4 has a series of wall parts 4A, 4B interconnected by a junction piece J.
  • An anchoring base or base 5 serves base or foundation for wall 4.
  • An access door 6 with quick opening is provided in the vertical wall 4 (see Figure 4) .
  • a vent system 7 allows evacuation of undesirable substances which would accumulate in the enclosure and / or gases or vapors formed during the phase change of a product present in the wall. Possibly, another vent suitable for evacuating the material which has undergone its change phase can be expected.
  • the walls 4 of the enclosure 1 consist of at least one outer wall or sheet 40 stainless steel or refractory, for example 0.5 to 10mm thick (for example from 1 to 2 mm), an insulating layer 41 resistant to high temperatures, an envelope 42 intended to receive a substance or material M capable of changing phase below a limit temperature, for example at a temperature between 50 and about 100 ° C.
  • a low temperature insulation layer can be added, if necessary, along the inside of the envelope.
  • the bottom and the roof 3 can be built in the same way as the wall 4.
  • the envelope 42 is formed by a structure comprising beams 43 advantageously in I (vertical and horizontal beams with possibly one or multiple braces), an internal metal steel wall (for example stainless steel) 44 facing the interior chamber in which the material is located protect, a steel wall (for example stainless) 45 facing the layer insulating 41.
  • the envelope 42 is filled with water or an aqueous solution. The change of water phase allows to maintain a temperature appreciably envelope constant and parts in contact with the envelope, through the use calories crossing the wall for evaporation until the water runs out present in the envelope.
  • the water vapor formed in one or more envelopes is released in the inner chamber of the enclosure or in part of the latter, said water vapor will be able to disperse throughout the enclosure or part thereof, in particular on the wall or walls not provided with an envelope containing water, as well as possibly on one or more organs to be protected.
  • This water vapor can then contribute, if not significantly, to keep them at a temperature below the saturated wet temperature of the water, i.e. at a temperature less than 100 ° C, even equal to 100 ° C.
  • Envelopes 42 containing water and the beams of mechanical rigidity will therefore remain at substantially constant temperature, at about 100 ° C during the evaporation phase. From then on, it will be possible to maintain mechanical (or even electrical) properties compatible with needs considered.
  • the envelope 42 has for example a thickness or width E of between 5 and 50 cm, in particular between 10 and 50 cm, preferably between 20 and 50 cm.
  • the weight of water present in the envelopes thus contributes to keeping the enclosure in place, despite the breath.
  • the envelopes thus serve as absorbers and evacuators of calories.
  • Such envelopes make it possible to build perimeter walls that are thinner and therefore more easy to handle, less expensive, removable, etc. and light when they are not filled with water
  • the envelopes also allow to keep a constant stability and precalculated to mechanical stress and also allow temperature regulation inside the enclosure at the desired level.
  • the envelope once the envelope is filled of water, it ensures a sufficient weight or seat for the enclosure.
  • Enclosure 1 is designed to withstand high external pressures.
  • the lower edge 1A of the walls 4 is placed in a groove 5A of the base in concrete 5.
  • buttresses 10 are attached to the envelope of the walls, the buttresses 10 resting on the base 5.
  • the buttresses are located on the inner side of enclosure 1, so that they are protected from the thermal effect by the envelopes 42.
  • the mechanical properties of the buttresses 10 can be ensured even if the enclosure is subjected to a continuous fire.
  • the envelope 42 is kept cold by the phase change of the material therein. finds, and thus constitutes a force envelope resistant to external pressures important. Indeed, the envelope itself, its inking in the ground or base 5, and the oblique uprights or buttresses 10 attached to the wall 44 of the casing 42 (buttresses opposing external forces) are maintained at a temperature maximum determined by the phase change of the material, throughout the duration of the phase change.
  • the mechanical resistance of these parts, in particular buttresses 10 can be calculated and designed at these temperatures (for example at a corresponding temperature without risk of deteriorating during the heating time as would occur in a conventional thermal insulation system).
  • the anchoring and embedding of the wall (s) to the base 5 are obtained by inserting the lower part of the surrounding wall 4 in the groove or groove 5A. So the wall outer 40, the insulating layer 41 and the envelope 42 containing the material capable to change phase (water) are, at their base, embedded in the concrete base 5 installed in the ground or on a stable and perfectly rigid base, such as piping solid.
  • the lower reinforcements (beams 43) and buttresses 10 of the casing 42 are fixed to said base 5.
  • the upper part of the wall 4 is stiffened by the roof 3 which is embedded and fixed to the interior walls 44 (by bolts and nuts) while being removable. The system for attaching the roof to the wall 4 is thus located in the chamber CI and is therefore protected from fire.
  • the walls of the enclosure 1 form a wall cylindrical.
  • the walls of the envelope are advantageously shaped so that it as continuous as possible along its perimeter, so as to ensure the smallest possible external surface and / or the most aerodynamic possible.
  • This way of designing ensures good resistance to significant external pressures (for example of dynamic origin), but allows also to avoid marked junctions and therefore sealing problems between the different parts forming the wall of the enclosure. It also allows better stiffen the assembly and ensure better mechanical resistance to pressure
  • the different wall sections will be assembled by bolting and jointing and / or by welding.
  • the enclosure is advantageously provided with an access door 11. ( Figure 4)
  • the door 11 is advantageously designed to reduce or avoid thermal bridges and leaks between the hot part (the exterior) and the cold part (the interior chamber CI).
  • Envelopes 42 contain one or more materials capable of changing state when they are subjected to a rise in temperature and whose vapor phase can easily disperse in the closed volume of the enclosure, via the openings 42bis, before this vapor phase is removed.
  • the substances used will preferably be chosen according to their temperature of change of state and their power to accumulate calories thereon on this occasion. Ease of use and cost will also be taken into consideration.
  • the substances (M) will advantageously be substantially non-flammable, as will their transformation products. Water is the substance that best meets these criteria. At its boiling temperature, 100 ° C, most materials also retain interesting mechanical properties. In addition, anti-freeze and anti-corrosion additives can easily be added.
  • a layer of insulation is used, intended to reduce the amount of heat or calories to be accumulated by the change material state.
  • a hard or semi-hard insulator which does not deform under the effect external pressures. It will be fixed to the walls of the envelope (outwards) in taking care to minimize the effect of thermal bridges.
  • the insulation will preferably be chosen to withstand high temperatures and to exhibit thermal conductivity in relationship to the potential for heat dissipation that can be found in envelope
  • the enclosure is advantageously ventilated.
  • a set of two conduits 13, 14 ending respectively in a discharge or chimney 7 (advantageously provided with a check valve preventing the entry of air, in particular hot air) and by a 6 fresh air suction mouth will allow natural or forced ventilation (through a fan or blower 15) of the interior volume to eliminate harmful or explosive substances that accumulate there.
  • These conduits 13, 14 extend at least partially into the ground to pass through the base 5 below the walls 4, which will avoid the need to form passage openings in the walls, such openings then inducing mechanical deformation of these and sealing problems for them.
  • the discharge mouth 7 and the suction mouth 6 will advantageously be located in an area remote from the enclosure, in particular in an area which should not be subjected to a fire or to the effect of a fire.
  • the evacuation of vapors or other products due to the phase change can be done via the CI chamber.
  • the envelope 42 has at its upper part one or more openings 42bis.
  • the vapor formed will spread inside the chamber CI of the enclosure and will serve to dilute the existing atmosphere before being evacuated by the ventilation duct (s) 13
  • the transformation products could also have been evacuated directly to the outside or via an additional heating circuit located in the hot part of the surrounding wall, which extracts the calories even more.
  • the evacuation of the vapors is done through the conduit 13 which has an end 13A adapted to collect hot vapors in the vicinity of the roof or of the upper part of the enclosure, and a check or non-return valve 13B.
  • the volume of the interior chamber is for example between 1 and 50m 3 , such as for example 5, 10, 15, 20, 30m 3 .
  • the enclosure is advantageously provided with means for collecting and discharging water of condensation and means to protect the devices placed in the room against the effects of water condensation.
  • Such means are for example pipes 60,61 crossing the base. Line 60 is adapted to evacuate water possibly present in the throat 5A.
  • the enclosure comprises several adjacent or substantially envelopes adjacent, it is advantageous to provide one or more conduits or passages 62 for form a communication between the envelopes so as to allow passage of water from one envelope to another envelope by the effect of communicating vases.
  • the envelope 42 is advantageously connected to a water supply 63 to fill the envelope as required.
  • the envelope 42 is also advantageously provided with a control device, ensuring for example a water level between a minimum level and a maximum level (the control device controlling the arrival of water in the envelope.
  • the casing 42 is associated with an overflow 64 to prevent the water level of the casing from exceeding a maximum level.
  • a heating system for example electrical resistance 65 located at the bottom of the envelope 42.
  • the electrical resistance is for example controlled to ensure an average temperature of the water present in the envelope of at least 2 ° C, for example between 2 and 5 ° C, and / or to avoid the operation of the resistor, if the latter is not in contact with water.
  • a circulation pump for example placed inside the envelope to ensure movement of the water or liquid present in the envelope.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows part of an enclosure having walls side 4 and a door 6 in the open position.
  • the side wall 4 has an opening 100 defined by two side edges 101,102 extending between a lower edge 103I and an upper edge 103S.
  • buttresses 10 each consisting of three plates 104, 105, 106 attached to each other (by bolts, by points or lines of welding, etc.)
  • Plate 104 and plate 105 form an L-shaped angle iron extending vertically, the point 107 of the elbow being adjacent to an inner vertical edge of the opening or window 100.
  • the dish 106 extends in turn in a vertical plane but has an axis 106A inclined relative to the vertical axis.
  • a buttress 10 serves to carry hinges 108 (for example 3, 4 or more) to which the door is attached.
  • the hinges are located in the interior chamber CI of the enclosure and have a same pivot axis 109.
  • the lower 103I and upper 103S edges of the window have a cross-section transverse a staircase or landing shape, the distance 111 separating the edges 103I, 103S of each other being larger on the side of the interior chamber CI than the distance 112 between the edges 103I, 103S on the outside.
  • the side edges of the window are adapted to allow the opening and closing of the door by simple rotation.
  • the vertical lateral edge 102 extends in a circle C1 whose center is the axis 109 and whose radius R1 is the most distant point from the lateral edge 120 of the door 6, this most distant point or line 120A corresponding at the edge facing outwards when door 6 closes the window.
  • the lateral edge 101 it extends in a circle C2 centered on the axis 109 and of radius R2 corresponding to the point or line furthest from the lateral edge 121 of the door with respect to the axis 109.
  • This point or line 121A is advantageously turned towards the outside of the enclosure when the door closes the window.
  • the door 6 has on its outer face 125 near the vertical edge 121, a extension 126 intended to cover the side wall 4, when the door 6 is in closed position.
  • the side wall 4 has meanwhile extensions 127,128,129 intended to cover the edges of the door when the latter is in closed position.
  • the lower part of the wall 4 is placed in the groove 130 of the base 5, said groove 130 being connected to sewers or drain 131 by a pipe 132.
  • the side walls 4 and the door 6 has a casing 140, 141 (made of steel stainless and comprising one or more I-beams, said beams having a core perforated to allow free passage of water and / or water vapor on each side of the soul of the beam, while the wings of the beams are at least partially attached or welded to metal walls) able to contain water in the form liquid, a thermal insulation layer 142 (for example rigid), and a wall of exterior protection 143.
  • a casing 140, 141 made of steel stainless and comprising one or more I-beams, said beams having a core perforated to allow free passage of water and / or water vapor on each side of the soul of the beam, while the wings of the beams are at least partially attached or welded to metal walls
  • a thermal insulation layer 142 for example rigid
  • a wall of exterior protection 143 for example rigid
  • the envelopes 140, 141 are provided with a valve 144 controlling the release in the steam chamber CI possibly formed in an envelope and a disc 145 rupture, said disc tearing in the event of excessive pressure in the envelope.
  • the enclosure also has a reservoir 150 located in the interior chamber CI.
  • This reservoir advantageously has a volume corresponding to at least once the sum of the free volumes of all the envelopes 140, 141 capable of containing water.
  • This tank 150 includes a submerged pump 151 capable of pushing water into the pipe 152, the upper part of which extends in the vicinity of the ceiling 153.
  • Pipes 154 or hoses 155 connect the various envelopes 140, 141 to the pipe or fitting 152 .
  • the hose 155 makes it possible to keep a connection between the casing 140 and the pipe or fitting 152, during a pivoting movement of the door 6 (opening or closing movement of the door).
  • the lines 154 and hoses 155 are provided with valves 157 controlled to ensure the water supply in one or more envelopes, when the water level in this or these envelopes is below a certain level.
  • the lower part of the casing 141 of the door 6 is advantageously connected by a flexible 158 with a controlled valve 159, to allow emptying by gravity or communicating vessel or by a suction pump (such as pump 159A) the water from the envelope 141 in the tank 150.
  • a suction pump such as pump 159A
  • the volume of the reservoir 150 is for example more than 1m 3 , such as 2, 4, 5, 10m 3 , or even more.
  • the envelopes 140 of the three side walls are interconnected by means of conduits 170, so that water from one enclosure to another by gravity or by the principle of communicating vessels.
  • the conduits or pipes 171 are also designed to allow free passage of water vapor from one enclosure to another envelope 140.
  • the conduits 171 are located in the vicinity of the cover 153, while the conduits 170 are located in the vicinity of the base or base 5.
  • the envelope 140 can be provided with an overflow 172 when the water contained in the envelope exceeds a predetermined maximum water level 173, said overflow 172 being advantageously adapted to return, possibly with one or more pipes. , the water to the reservoir 150.
  • the reservoir 150 is advantageously provided with a water supply or with a connector capable of being connected to a water supply, preferably provided or provided with a control valve.
  • the reservoir 150 is also provided with an overflow 176 bringing the excess water from the reservoir 150 into the drain or pipe 131.
  • the overflow 176 is also connected to the drain pipe 198 provided with the control valve drain 199, this drain pipe being intended to empty the water from the tank 150 into the pipe 131, for example during an inspection procedure.
  • the envelopes 140 are mechanically attached to each other, for example by means of angles or plates and screws, bolts, etc.
  • One or more joints are placed between two adjacent envelopes, this or these joints being advantageously joints capable of expanding under the effect of heat so as to increase the seal between the envelopes.
  • the cover 153 is also provided on its inner face with an insulation layer 142.
  • the enclosure of FIG. 7 is advantageously provided with systems or means 6,7,13,13A, 14 as described by the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the cover 153 may in a particular embodiment have a chamber suitable for receiving water and / or steam, for example steam from one or more envelopes.
  • a chamber suitable for receiving water and / or steam for example steam from one or more envelopes.
  • pipes connect the lid chamber with one or more envelopes 140.
  • Figures 10 and 11 are sectional views of the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, along lines X-X and XI-XI.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
EP04447045A 2003-02-21 2004-02-18 Schutzgehäuse Withdrawn EP1449986A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US704163 1991-05-22
FR0302172A FR2851602B1 (fr) 2003-02-21 2003-02-21 Enceinte de protection
FR0302172 2003-02-21
US10/704,163 US20040163337A1 (en) 2003-02-21 2003-11-07 Protective enclosure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1449986A1 true EP1449986A1 (de) 2004-08-25

Family

ID=32737523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04447045A Withdrawn EP1449986A1 (de) 2003-02-21 2004-02-18 Schutzgehäuse

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1449986A1 (de)
BE (1) BE1015908A3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106801531A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-06 贵州大学 一种陡坡定向爆破掩体防护装置
CN109029180A (zh) * 2018-09-16 2018-12-18 六盘水久翔爆破工程有限责任公司 一种露天爆破用防护装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH401758A (fr) * 1961-10-11 1965-10-31 Bristol Aeroplane Plastics Lim Abri antiaérien
DE1299404B (de) * 1965-01-14 1969-07-17 Sidney Marsh Cadwell Vorrichtung zum Schutz vor Stosswellen
US3680498A (en) * 1968-12-04 1972-08-01 Charles J Roos Structure and a method for isolating a building against radioactive fallout
BE1012777A6 (fr) * 1999-07-07 2001-03-06 Claerbout Albert Boite de protection.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH401758A (fr) * 1961-10-11 1965-10-31 Bristol Aeroplane Plastics Lim Abri antiaérien
DE1299404B (de) * 1965-01-14 1969-07-17 Sidney Marsh Cadwell Vorrichtung zum Schutz vor Stosswellen
US3680498A (en) * 1968-12-04 1972-08-01 Charles J Roos Structure and a method for isolating a building against radioactive fallout
BE1012777A6 (fr) * 1999-07-07 2001-03-06 Claerbout Albert Boite de protection.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106801531A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-06 贵州大学 一种陡坡定向爆破掩体防护装置
CN109029180A (zh) * 2018-09-16 2018-12-18 六盘水久翔爆破工程有限责任公司 一种露天爆破用防护装置

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