US3656434A - Shotgun shell with metal cap - Google Patents

Shotgun shell with metal cap Download PDF

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Publication number
US3656434A
US3656434A US827819A US3656434DA US3656434A US 3656434 A US3656434 A US 3656434A US 827819 A US827819 A US 827819A US 3656434D A US3656434D A US 3656434DA US 3656434 A US3656434 A US 3656434A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal cap
end wall
body member
plastic
transverse end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US827819A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger J Curran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remington Arms Co LLC
Original Assignee
Remington Arms Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Remington Arms Co LLC filed Critical Remington Arms Co LLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3656434A publication Critical patent/US3656434A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1463—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising a gas inlet for pressurising or avoiding depressurisation of a powder container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B65G53/66—Use of indicator or control devices, e.g. for controlling gas pressure, for controlling proportions of material and gas, for indicating or preventing jamming of material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • F42B5/307—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A shotgun shell having a metal cap made from sheet metal.
  • the metal cap includes an annular fold which strong cap to body attachment and an int primer pocket and anvil.
  • the basewad can b 12 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures MM U 00 11 Arms Company,
  • Shotshells are presently being designed and developed to take advantage of the cost and technical advantages which plastics offer.
  • the present trend therefore, is toward the use of less metal in shotshell designs.
  • metals technology has also progressed beyond its present use in shotshell construction.
  • the transition from paper to plastic body tubes was accomplished without much change in the function the metal portion served.
  • differences between plastic and paper body tubes were not used to full advantage in these designs in consideration of the combination of metal with plastic.
  • primer design has not responded to changes in design and performance of the entire shotshell.
  • This invention deals with a shotshell design which combines safe performance, low cost of construction, and increased ballistic performance freedom and which may utilize a non-reloadable feature. Obviously, some of the elements of this design are not limited to the concept of a non-reloadable shotshell.
  • Shotshells have undergone various modifications through the years. Shotshell casings changed from metal, to paper, and finally to plastic. When the all-metal shell was used, a basewad was not necessary since the metal head portion was strong enough to absorb the shock of firing and the metal tubular body obturated sufficiently to provide an adequate gas seal. When the paper tubular body was introduced, it was found that some sort of reinforcing was necessary at the breech or head end of the shell.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 610,660 issued Sept. 13, 1898, shows an outer metal cap and an inner support cylinder to provide support for the boiler-room or cavity where the propellant means is ignited.
  • a separate basewad was inserted at the breech end to provide necessary gas sealing and shock absorbing functions.
  • the use of a basewad was carried over to plastic-bodied shotshells, first when oriented tubing was used for the cartridge bodies the later when an integrally formed basewad was provided for the cold-formed one-piece cartridge casings.
  • the present invention is designed to provide a maximum volume load in permitting the elimination of the basewad but at the same time insuring that the sheet metal cap and plastic body construction are strong enough to perform. It must be recognized, however, that the unique cap to body attachment can also be used with a basewad, if for any reason this is deemed desirable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front elevational view of a loaded shotshell cartridge illustrating the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an expanded cross-sectional view of the breech end of the cartridge
  • FIG. 3 shows an expanded cross-sectional view of the metal cap-body attachment
  • FIG. 4 shows an expanded cross-sectional view of the primer pocket and anvil
  • FIG. 5 shows a modification in which the metal cap has an integral primer pocket only and a conventional center-fire type primer is used
  • FIG. 6 shows a modification in which the fold has a different configuration
  • FIG. 7 shows another modified form of fold
  • FIG. 8 shows still another modified fold.
  • FIG. 1 shows a loaded shotshell 10 in which reference numeral l2 refers to a plastic body member and 14 refers to a metal cap member 14.
  • Body member is preferably made of oriented plastic, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., although obviously it may be made of any plastic material, such as polycarbonate, which can be deformed to form the body cap attachment and which has adequate physical characteristics to withstand firing conditions.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a load of shot pellets 16, filler wad means 18, and propellant means 20. It can be seen that there is no basewad as such.
  • This invention is concerned mainly with the breech end of the plastic body member and its attachment with the metal cap and the details of the metal cap.
  • Plastic body member 12 is shown as a straight walled tube having an inner wall surface 22 and an outer wall surface 24. Obviously, either one or both of the wall surfaces can be tapered without affecting the invention.
  • the breech end of the body member which is closed off by the metal cap member, is deformed to form an enlarged shoe 26 which has an outwardly directed flange 28 which forms a rim and an inwardly directed gas-sealing flange 30, preferably, but not necessarily, of lesser thickness than the rim flange.
  • gas-sealing flange 30 will be explained later.
  • the metal cap member 14 has a tubular side portion 32 which extends forwardly from a transverse end wall 34 and is in close fitting relationship with the outer wall surface of at least a portion of the plastic body member.
  • a portion of tubular side portion 32 can be tapered at 36 in order to provide a thickened portion adjacent the enlarged shoe portion and a thinner portion at the front end thereof.
  • Conventional metal caps are of uniform thickness.
  • the thickened rear end portion provides support for a gun extractor means (not shown) while the thinner portion at the front end of the metal cap provides a better fit between the metal cap and the plastic body member.
  • the tapered forward end 36 also helps to prevent cutting off of the plastic body which sometimes happens with a thick, sharp-edged metal cap.
  • the tapered tubular side portion 32 causes the lower end of the plastic body member 12 to be forced inwardly gradually so as to form a portion of lesser inside diameter than the remaining forward end of the plastic body.
  • This lesser diameter becomes important when the lower skirt (not numbered) of the filler wad 18 (shown in FIG. 1) is forced down tightly so as to effect a water seal before firing and a gas seal upon ignition of the cartridge. It is noted that when the lower end of the plastic body is forced inwardly with a metal head having a uniform thickness, the point where the top of the metal head meets the plastic body is more sensitive to cutoff.
  • transverse end wall 34 of the metal cap extends outwardly past the outer wall surface of the plastic body member and then extends forwardly and inwardly to form an annular rim means 38 with the tubular side portion 32.
  • End wall 34 also has an annular fold 40 integrally formed therein which projects forwardly and outwardly from the end wall 34 towards the tubular side portion 32 to end a predetermined distance 42 therefrom. It can be seen that the fold 40 defines a cavity 44 with the rim 38 and the tubular side portion 32 in which the enlarged shoe portion 26 of the plastic body is confined.
  • the enlarged shoe is substantially thicker than distance 42 so that unless the plastic shoe is substantially thicker than distance 42 so that unless the plastic shoe is reworked and levelled out, it cannot be pulled out of the cavity 44.
  • the force necessary to pull the plastic body out of the metal cap obviously depends on several variables including distance 42, thickness of plastic body, etc. However, preliminary tests indicate the force required to be about 390 pounds as compared to a force of about 175 pounds required to pull a plastic tube out of a conventional metal cap-basewad design.
  • the transverse end wall 34 also includes an integrally formed primer pocket 46 in which a primer cup 48 is positioned.
  • Primer pocket 46 includes a forwardly extending cylindrical side portion 50 and an anvil portion 52 integrally formed with the front end of the cylindrical portion.
  • Anvil 52 extends rearwardly toward the transverse end wall and has a conical side wall 54 which grades to a cylindrical impact end 56.
  • the forward end of the conical side wall is thickened to provide additional rigidity for primer sensitivity.
  • Formed in anvil 52 are a plurality of flash hole openings 58.
  • the explosive pressure generated will tend to cause the fold 40 to collapse toward air space 60.
  • Explosive gases enter between the fold 40 and the enlarged shoe 26 caused by the metal head 14 moving outwardly towards the gun chamber and shown in an exaggerated way in FIG. 3.
  • the explosive gases will act against the thinned flange 30 and force the flange against the inside surface of the metal cap, thereby effecting a gas seal.
  • the explosive gases can enter between the inside surface 22 of the plastic tube and the inside surface 62 of the metal cap to force the rim flange 28 against the inside surface of the metal rim at 64.
  • FIG. shows a modified metal head which does not include the integral battery cup and anvil assembly which is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4.
  • Primer pocket 46 is shown with a transverse end wall 66 having a flash hole opening 68 and a separate anvil element 70.
  • the thickness of the transverse end wall 34 is not uniform but rather tapered toward the primer pocket 46 so as to have its maximum thickness near the central primer pocket.
  • the metal head is formed from sheet metal, which is of uniform thickness prior to being fed into the cap-making machine, it would be expected under conventional metal forming procedures that the transverse end wall 34 would be of constant thickness approximately equal to the original sheet metal thickness.
  • the transverse end wall 34 is strengthened in the manner of a truss in which the connecting end portion is free to hinge or pivot.
  • the wall 34 acts as a three-dimensional plate supported or hinged on its annular edge.
  • the thickened portion of the end wall adjacent the primer opening resists deformation under a central impact load such as would occur by a firing pin impacting against a primer. This resistance to deformation is important for primer sensitivity. In the absence of a back-up basewad means, the impact of the firing pin necessary to ignite the priming mix must be absorbed entirely by the primer means and the supporting metal head.
  • the tapered anvil and the tapered transverse end wall are more significant in this combination, i.e., without a base wad.
  • the body to cap attaching means can be utilized without the additional improvements to the primer anvil and the transverse end wall. It should also be obvious that the improvements to the primer anvil and the transverse end wall will also be important in other situations outside of the combination.
  • a shotgun shell comprising a tubular body member made of plastic material and a metal cap member which closes off one end of said plastic body member, said one end of said plastic body member having an enlarged foot means, said metal cap member having means integrally formed therewith to engage the inner and outer wall surfaces of said plastic body member at a point forwardly of said enlarged foot means to compress said plastic body member and to lock the metal cap member thereto, said enlarged foot means comprising an annular, flanged, rim portion which extends transversely outwardly from the outer wall of said tubular body member and a second annular, flanged, gas sealing portion extending transversely in a direction opposite to said rim portion.
  • said metal cap member comprises a cup-shaped sheet metal member, said sheet metal cap member comprising a tubular side portion, a transverse end wall to close off the breech end of the shell and an outwardly projecting rim portion interconnecting said tubular side portion and said transverse end wall, said tubular side portion extending forwardly in close fitting relationship with at least a portion of the outer wall surface of the plastic body member, said means locking the plastic body member to the metal cap member comprising an integrally formed annular loop means extending forwardly from said transverse end wall to define a cavity with said rim portion and said tubular side wall portion in which said enlarged foot means is compressingly held in place.
  • said metal cap member is made of sheet metal and comprises a tubular side portion which is in close fitting relationship with a part of the outer wall surface of the plastic tubular body member, an outwardly projecting rim portion, and a transverse end wall, said transverse end wall having a primer pocket formed centrally therein, said primer pocket being defined by an integrally formed battery cup portion, said battery cup portion having a cylindrical battery side portion integrally formed with an extending forwardly from said transverse end wall and a battery forward end wall portion connected thereto, said forward end wall portion having an anvil integrally formed therewith extending rearwardly toward said transverse end wall, and flash hole means formed in said forward end wall portion.
  • a shotgun shell comprising a deformable plastic body member and a sheet metal cap member, means attaching said metal cap member to said body member, said cap member comprising a tubular side portion and a transverse end wall, said transverse end wall having a primer pocket means formed integrally therein, said transverse end wall being tapered so as to provide a maximum wall thickness adjacent said primer pocket means thus providing desirable rigidity of the transverse end wall for required primer sensitivity.
  • a shotgun shell as recited in claim 7 in which said plastic body member has a permanently deformed annular, enlarged foot means at the breech end of the shell, said transverse end wall having an integrally formed, annular, fold means extending forwardly therefrom and spaced laterally a predetermined distance from said cap tubular side portion to abut said enlarged foot means without cutting into the plastic so as to form said cap to body attaching means and also to add rigidity to said transverse end wall.
  • a shotgun shell as recited in claim 7 in which an anvil means is integrally formed with said primer pocket means.
  • a shotgun shell as recited in claim 7 in which at least a portion of said tubular side portion of the metal cap member is tapered forwardly to provide a thinner section at the forward end of said tubular side portion.
  • a shotgun shell comprising a tubular body member made of deformable plastic material and a sheet metal cap member which closes off one end of said plastic body member, said one end of said plastic body member having a permanently deformed enlarged foot means integrally connected thereto by a connecting plastic portion which is thinner than said tubular body member, said sheet metal cap member having a tubular side portion and a transverse end wall to close off the breech end of the shell, said transverse end wall having an integrally formed, annular loop means extending forwardly therefrom, said annular loop means having a curved forward end which is located adjacent the tubular side portion of the sheet metal cap in close-fitting relationship to said thin connecting plastic portion of said plastic body member, the curved forward end of the loop means and the tubular side portion of the sheet metal cap acting in compression to lock the enlarged foot means and the plastic body to the sheet metal cap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
US827819A 1969-05-26 1969-05-26 Shotgun shell with metal cap Expired - Lifetime US3656434A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82781969A 1969-05-26 1969-05-26
US83692969A 1969-06-26 1969-06-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3656434A true US3656434A (en) 1972-04-18

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ID=27125136

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US827819A Expired - Lifetime US3656434A (en) 1969-05-26 1969-05-26 Shotgun shell with metal cap

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US (1) US3656434A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2025478A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR2048781A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB1295897A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370930A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-02-01 Ford Motor Company End cap for a propellant container
US5171934A (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-12-15 Larry Moore Shortened shotshell with double-cupped wadding
US20040150210A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-05 Cunningham Clare R. Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
US20170328689A1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight Cartridge Case
US12066279B2 (en) 2022-05-06 2024-08-20 Innovative Performance Applications, Llc Polymer ammunition casing

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946569A1 (de) * 1979-11-19 1981-05-21 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Vorrichtung zum thermischen verspritzen von metall- und keramikpulvern
GB8616769D0 (en) * 1986-07-09 1986-08-13 Burton J A Cavity wall injecting machine

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US694713A (en) * 1901-10-22 1902-03-04 Charles A Bailey Cartridge.
GB191511079A (en) * 1915-07-30 1916-01-27 Herbert John Blanch An Improved Dummy or Blank Cartridge.
US1974270A (en) * 1933-01-18 1934-09-18 Asturienne Mines Comp Royale Cartridge shell
US3099958A (en) * 1960-01-12 1963-08-06 Remington Arms Co Inc Firearm cartridges
US3103170A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Tubing for cartridge casings and the like and method of making the same
US3157121A (en) * 1963-04-05 1964-11-17 Remington Arms Co Inc Shotshell
US3215077A (en) * 1964-03-09 1965-11-02 Olin Mathieson Cartridge case head structure

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1998217A (en) * 1932-06-21 1935-04-16 Benoit Francois Philip Charles Apparatus for projecting molten pulverized bodies
US2072845A (en) * 1933-11-18 1937-03-09 Benolt Francois Philip Charles Apparatus for spraying pulverized materials
US2108998A (en) * 1934-03-12 1938-02-22 Schori Fritz Apparatus for fusing and spraying pulverized substances
US2549736A (en) * 1947-02-05 1951-04-17 Powder Weld Process Company Apparatus for flame spraying
GB627108A (en) * 1947-04-09 1949-07-28 Frederick William Durden Improvements in or relating to flame spraying apparatus
GB663222A (en) * 1949-02-07 1951-12-19 Schori Metallising Process Ltd A method for coating surfaces
NL80844C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1951-06-22
FR1230526A (fr) * 1959-03-21 1960-09-16 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Dispositif de régulation automatique d'un distributeur de poudre sous pression
US3415450A (en) * 1966-05-24 1968-12-10 Coast Metals Inc Powder supply construction for spray torch
FR1537256A (fr) * 1967-08-22 1968-08-23 Metco Inc Distributeur de poudre pour pistolet pulvérisateur à flamme

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US694713A (en) * 1901-10-22 1902-03-04 Charles A Bailey Cartridge.
GB191511079A (en) * 1915-07-30 1916-01-27 Herbert John Blanch An Improved Dummy or Blank Cartridge.
US1974270A (en) * 1933-01-18 1934-09-18 Asturienne Mines Comp Royale Cartridge shell
US3099958A (en) * 1960-01-12 1963-08-06 Remington Arms Co Inc Firearm cartridges
US3103170A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Tubing for cartridge casings and the like and method of making the same
US3157121A (en) * 1963-04-05 1964-11-17 Remington Arms Co Inc Shotshell
US3215077A (en) * 1964-03-09 1965-11-02 Olin Mathieson Cartridge case head structure

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370930A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-02-01 Ford Motor Company End cap for a propellant container
US5171934A (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-12-15 Larry Moore Shortened shotshell with double-cupped wadding
US20040150210A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-05 Cunningham Clare R. Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
US6979024B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2005-12-27 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
US20060076766A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-04-13 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
US7229100B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2007-06-12 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
US20170328689A1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight Cartridge Case
US10782107B1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2020-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight cartridge case and weapon system
US12066279B2 (en) 2022-05-06 2024-08-20 Innovative Performance Applications, Llc Polymer ammunition casing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1251788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-27
GB1295897A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-08
DE2029989A1 (de) 1971-01-07
FR2048781A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-19
FR2048785A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-19
DE2029989C3 (de) 1984-09-06
DE2025478A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-10
DE2029989B2 (de) 1978-06-29

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