US3655862A - Aspirator jet for drawing-off filaments - Google Patents

Aspirator jet for drawing-off filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3655862A
US3655862A US850500A US3655862DA US3655862A US 3655862 A US3655862 A US 3655862A US 850500 A US850500 A US 850500A US 3655862D A US3655862D A US 3655862DA US 3655862 A US3655862 A US 3655862A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
jet
draw
throat
expansion chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US850500A
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English (en)
Inventor
Oskar Dorschner
Franz Josef Carduck
Christoph Storkebaum
Claus Rother
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H51/00—Forwarding filamentary material
    • B65H51/16—Devices for entraining material by flow of liquids or gases, e.g. air-blast devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/161—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam yarn crimping air jets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the design is such that the aspirating air flows parallel to the filaments issuing from the guide tube and does not impinge thereon as is the case with the jet designs of the prior art.
  • This design permits draw-01f of filaments at high speeds, in excess of 2,000 meters/min., with good separation and substantially complete parallelism between the filaments and without intermingling or twisting and interlocking of the filaments.
  • Compressed air is generally supplied to the jets to serve as the moving medium.
  • the moving air is generally accelrated by expansion to supersonic velocity and directed at a small angle against the filaments running through the jet. This exerts a tension on the filaments which, with filaments of thermoplastic organic plastics, efiects drawing and orientation of the filaments.
  • hot air or steam instead of air can be used.
  • draw-ofi' jets are known. They all have in common a funned-shaped inlet port for the filament bundles which finishes up in a cylindrical or almost cylindrical filament guide channel. 'In this filament guide channel or at the end of it, the expanding or expanded aspirating gas is directed toroidally at an angle of about 5l5 against the filaments.
  • the aspirating gas is introduced around the end of the cylindrical filament inlet, the external wall at the lower end of the filament inlet pipe has been generally tapered downwardly to facilitate the tangential impingement of aspirating gas. Because of the friction efiect which the aspirating gas exerts on the filament bundle, the filament is 'ice drawn through the jet at a speed which is greater than the spinning speed.
  • the filaments may flutter, swing to and fro and intermingle (see British Pat. No. 1,088,931).
  • a properly produced non-woven web made in this manner contains parallel extending filaments which mutually cross each other at random intervals and which may overlap backwardly.
  • the filaments usually are electrostatically charged, e.g. by means of corona discharge devices or by the application of a tribe-electric charge. (See US. Pat. No. 3,341,394 and British Pat. No. 932,482.)
  • the electrostatic repulsion between the like-changed filaments prevents a converging of the filaments.
  • a disadvantage with these methods is that special devices for charging the filaments are required.
  • the jets draw-in through the filament inlet port a certain amount of secondary air so that in the event of filament breakage the filament can easily be reintroduced into the filament inlet port.
  • High draw-off speeds with complete parallel arrangement of the filaments and without electrostatic charging and adequate aspiration of secondary air through the filament inlet port have so far been incompatible requirements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a jet for the draw-off of filaments which positively prevents mutual interference of the filaments, without the need for additional electrostatic charging of the filaments or the jet, even at high draw-off speeds above 2000 m./min. and where the aspirated secondary air at the end of the filament guide channel reaches at least sound velocity.
  • the jet of this invention is in particular suitable for use in the production of non-woven products from deposited continuous filaments where the spinnable material is extruded through spinnerets, drawn-off and laid down on a moving receiving surface, such as web, mat or the like.
  • the invention relates to a jet for withdrawing a single filament or a plurality of filaments in which a tension is applied to the filaments by the aspirating medium expanding to supersonic velocity, with a narrowing inlet port for the filaments which finishes up in a guide channel extending through the smallest cross-section of the jet.
  • This jet is characterized by the expansion chamber enlarging outwardly below the narrowest jet cross-section.
  • the enlargement of the expansion chamber can be conical but a curved dome-shaped enlargement of the expansion chamber is preferred.
  • the aspirating gas is accelerated to sound velocity when it reaches the narrowest jet cross-section and in the expansion zone below it is expanded to Mach figures of up to 3.5 and higher either parallel to the direction of the filaments or away from the direction of the filaments depending upon the motive pressure and the ratio between exit cross-sectional area and inlet cross-sectional area of the expansion zone.
  • the present invention deliberately avoids having the aspirating gas impinge the filaments at an angle. This is achieved by outwardly enlarging the expansion chamber below the narrowest jet cross-section or throat of the jet and by arranging the outer boundary of the guide channel such that it extends through the narrowest jet cross-section, cylindrically or by expanding it in the downstream direction.
  • the aspirating gas expansion chamber is bounded at its inlet by the throat, i.e., the narrowest cross-section of the jet.
  • the outlet of the expansion chamber ends at or prior to the orifice plane of the end of the filament guide channel.
  • the outward enlargement of the expansion chamber can be realized in different ways.
  • a tapered enlargement can be used with round jets and a rectilinear or an almost rectilinear enlargement can be adopted for slotted jets.
  • a dome-shaped enlargement is preferable.
  • the transition from the throat of the jet opening to the draw-oft conduit consists of a wall which has preferably a curvilinear section.
  • a tangent of the section, measured against the vertical, has an angle of 8 to 20, preferably 10 to
  • the ratio between exit cross-section and inlet cross-section of the expansion zone desirably does not exceed 10:1.
  • a ratio of between 7:1 and 3:1 is preferred.
  • Air is preferably used as the aspirating gas in the jet of this invention.
  • the air can be cold or warm. However, steam or any other suitable medium can also be used.
  • the gas is supplied to the jet at pressures higher than those used with conventional pneumatic filament draw-01f jets.
  • the inlet pressure of the gas is preferably between 10 and 50 atmospheres gauge. It is so chosen that at a predetermined ratio between exit cross-section and inlet cross-section of the expansion zone the secondary air drawn in through the inlet port reaches at least sound velocity by the time it reaches the end of the guide channel.
  • the lower end of the guide channel is preferably bevelled from the inside to the outside, or outwardly tapered.
  • a static head of 0.5 atmospheres absolute is achieved in the orifice plane of the end of the guide channel so that the secondary air drawn in through the inlet port just reaches sound velocity.
  • the Mach number of the expanded primary air stream is 3.15.
  • the static head in the orifice plane of the guide channel is reduced to 0.37 atmospheres absolute.
  • the velocity of the expanded moving stream reaches a Mach number of 3.36.
  • the aspirated secondary air reaches a Mach number of 1.3.
  • the outer boundary or surface of the guide channel can have a constant diameter end to end, although it is preferred in some cases to have the guide channel expand at its lower end as this contributes to the separation of the filaments.
  • the guide tube can be arranged to be adjustable with respect to the expansion chamber whereby the ratio between exit cross-section and inlet cross-section of the expansion zone can be varied.
  • the inlet cross-section or throat is the area between outer boundary of the guide channel and narrowest part of the jet.
  • the exit cross-section is the area between the lower end of the guide channel and the boundary of the expansion chamber or draw-off channel. With round jets, both areas are circular. With constant motive pressure, it is generally not necessary to vary the set area ratio during operation.
  • the jets are preferably so designed that during normal operating conditions the lower end of the filament guide channel terminates about 1 to 2 mm. below the transition point of the enlargement of expansion chamber and the beginning of the draw-off channel.
  • the filament draw-off channel should have a uniform cross-section from end to end and its length should not exceed 150 times its diameter.
  • the length of the filament draw-off channel is generally at least 20 times, preferably 30 to times its diameter. In the case of slotted jets, the width of the rectangular filament draw-off channel is substituted for the diameter.
  • the length of the guide channel which extends through the narrowest jet cross-section and in whose orifice plane the expansion zone finishes, should be 10 to 40 times, preferably 15 to 30 times its diameter (with round jets) and its width (with slotted jets) respectively.
  • the conical inlet port of the jet for the filaments and for the secondary air should be so arranged that the angle between inlet port wall and the vertical is between 5 and 15.
  • the angle is normally so chosen that it lies between 7 and 11.
  • the aspirating gas is first passed through one horizontal or two oppositely arranged horizontal boreholes into an annular hold-back or plenum chamber.
  • the inner boundary of the hold-back chamber is formed by a baffle, the upper end of which is located so high that the admitted moving medium cannot pass direct into the funnel-shaped jet opening.
  • the hold-back chamber checks the incoming stream and reverses it upwardly at low velocity before it enters the funnel-shaped jet opening and reaches sound velocity in the narrowest cross-section of the jet.
  • the generating angle of the funnel-shaped jet opening i.e. the angle between jet opening wall and the vertical can vary between 20 and 50. It normally ranges between 25 and 40.
  • the hold-back chamber and the shape and size of the jet opening have to be suitably adapted to each other so that the velocity of the incoming medium stream is between A and A; Mach, preferably between /5 and Mach at the beginning of the jet opening.
  • the medium stream After passing through the narrowest jet cross-section the medium stream is expanded to supersonic velocity in the outwardly enlarging expansion chamber. After expansion, a negative pressure of about 0.1 to 0.5 atmospheres absolute is established in the orifice plane of the guide channel. In the design of the jet of this invention, expansion takes place at a minimum of pressure drop.
  • the secondary air drawn in through the guide channel reaches at least sound velocity at the guide channel outlet. The strong aspiration of atmospheric air facilitates considerably the threading of filaments through the inlet opening of the jet.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view in section of a. round jet of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view in section of a portion of a jet of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view in section of a portion of an alternative design
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a slotted jet embodying the teachings of this invention.
  • FIGS. 1-3 the same members are used to identify like parts.
  • the round jet of this invention illustrated in FIG. 1 consists of lower part 1 and upper part 2 bolted to the lower part.
  • Upper part 2 accommodates conical inlet funnel 3 for filaments and secondary air, the inner wall of which finishes up downwardly in guide tube 4.
  • Conical inlet opening 3 has a generating angle a (see FIG. 1) of to 15, preferably 7 to 11". This, in conjunction with the maintenance of the other critical dimensions of the jet of this invention, aids in the separating of the filaments before, in and after the jet.
  • Inlet funnel 3 finishes up downwardly in guide tube 4 and upwardly with a relatively small radius of curvature at opening 8.
  • the height of inlet funnel 3, i.e. the distance between the transition of the inlet funnel to opening 8 and the transition of the inlet funnel to guide tube 4 must not exceed 40 times the inside diameter of guide tube 4.
  • a height of the inlet funnel of to 20 times the inside diameter of tube 4 is preferred.
  • the external wall of guide tube 4 finishes upwardly in a rounded corner 9 and lower horizontal boundary surface 10 of upper part 2.
  • Lower part 1 has a central borehole, the inner wall of which is ground in its upper portion and provided with fine thread in its lower portion so that the upper part 2 can be screwed to the lower part.
  • Horizontal borehole 11 extends through lower part 1 for the supply of the primary aspirating air and ends in annular holdback chamber 12.
  • annular holdback chamber 12 To eliminate torsional force on the air, which would cause curling of the individual filaments, it is preferable to provide two boreholes 11 displaced relatively to each other at an angle of 180 for the supply of the air to hold-back chamber 12 vertically to the direction of the filaments.
  • the hold-back chamber is bounded inwardly by vertical bafiie walls 13, which end upwardly in a circular corner 14 connecting with funnel-shaped jet opening 15.
  • Jet opening 15 tapers in the form of a funnel up to the narrowest point or throat 16. Below the narrowest point 16 the jet enlarges outwardly and ends in cylindrical draw-01f tube 18. In the jet presented in FIG. 1, the expansion chamber conically enlarges outwardly.
  • the conical boundary wall of expansion chamber 17 commences tangentially from the circular edge at the narrowest point 16.
  • the angle 5 between the tangent and the vertical is 8 to 20", preferably 10 to 15.
  • the outer wall of guide tube 4 forms with the narrowest point 16 an annular throat up to which the aspirating gas is accelerated to sound velocity and passes downwards into expansion chamber 17.
  • Rounded-01f portion 9 and lower surface 10 of the upper part form the upper boundary of hold-back chamber 12.
  • Rounded-off portion 9 favors turbulent-free reversing of the moving medium into the jet funnel 15.
  • the generating angle (see FIG. 1) of jet funnel 15 should be between 20 and 50.
  • the length of guide tube 4 below the narrowest point 1.6 can be varied by screwing upper part 1 more or less deep into lower part 2. Unduly deep screwing of upper part 1 into lower part 2 is prevented by annnular supporting surface 7 which contacts an appropriate boundary surface of the upper part.
  • guide tube 4 has uniform cylindrical outside diameter from top to bottom.
  • the lower end of the inner part of guide tube 4 is enlarged outwardly like a funnel, ending in the orifice plane of the guide tube 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows an elevational view of the expansion chamber of another design.
  • the outside of guide tube 4 is uniformly cylindrical from top to bottom.
  • the inner part of guide tube 4 tapers towards lower end 19 outwardly like a funnel.
  • expansion chamber 17 enlarges curvilinearly (in cross-section).
  • the circular connecting edge 16 between jet funnel 15 and expansion chamber 17 extends downwardly. A tangent thereto forms, with the vertical, the angle )9.
  • FIG. 3 shows an elevational view of the expansion chamber of another jet of this invention.
  • the lower inner end of guide tube 4 is enlarged outwardly.
  • the outer lower end 20 of guide tube 4 also is outwardly enlarged and in the elevation it forms with the vertical the angle 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows an elevational view of a rectangular or slotted jet of this invention.
  • Inset 32 accommodates inlet port 33 for the filaments and secondary air, which continues downwards into guide channel 34 whose lower inner (49) and lower outer (50) boundary is enlarged outwardly.
  • Attached to the two longitudinal members 31 with boreholes 41 for the aspirating gas are connecting members 35 and 36.
  • Members 35 and 36 are so shaped that after connection of the two longitudinal members by transverse members 31, members 35 and 36 form in conjunction with inset 32 the jet.
  • the bafiles in the plenum chambers 42 are marked 42 with 43 and end in transition edges 44.
  • the circular edges at the narrowest jet portion or throat are marked 46 and the longitudinal boundaries of the draw-off channel 48.
  • Several inlet ports 41 which are equally distributed over the length of the jet, end in the two hold-back chambers 42.
  • the inlets to the throat are marked 45, the expansion chambers 47 and the circular transition of bafiles 43 to the inlet ports 44.
  • the critical dimensions have to be chosen the same as for the circular jets of this invention except that the width of the rectangular cross-section is to be substituted for the diameter.
  • a jet of this invention according to FIG. 1 has the following characteristic dimensions:
  • the jet was operated on cold air.
  • the motive pressure was 22 atmospheres gauge and air consumption was 30 standard cubic meters per hour.
  • the jet was arranged below a melt extruder from which the filaments were spun.
  • the filament draw-01f speed was 3,400 m./min.
  • the filaments had a denier of 3 den. and were blown onto a constantly moving lay-down receiver to form a web of irregularly crossing bundles of parallel filaments. Converging of filaments, twisting, interlacing and intermingling of the filaments did not occur. Special electrostatic charging of the filaments was not applied.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In the same round nozzle described in Example 1, 150' freshly spun filaments from polypropylene were drawnolf with equally good success and deposited to form a web. The filaments had a denier of 4.8 den. The drawoff speed was 2,100 m./min. The other operating conditions were the same as in Example 1.
  • Diameter of narrowest cross-section (at 16) 3 mm.
  • Angle B9 Angle 6-3 Inside diameter of guide tube 4, prior to taper2.0 mm.
  • Air at 28 atmospheres gauge was used as motive air. Air consumption was M standard-cubic meters per hour. 26 filaments of nylon-6 with a denier of 9 den. were drawn-off at a speed of 3,000 m./ min.
  • the jets of this invention can be used for drawingoif all materials which form filaments.
  • materials include mainly polyolefins, polyamides, and polyesters.
  • thermoplastic filaments comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US850500A 1968-08-17 1969-08-15 Aspirator jet for drawing-off filaments Expired - Lifetime US3655862A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1785158A DE1785158C3 (de) 1968-08-17 1968-08-17 Runddiise zum Abziehen und Ablegen von Fäden zu einem Fadenvlies

Publications (1)

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US3655862A true US3655862A (en) 1972-04-11

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US850500A Expired - Lifetime US3655862A (en) 1968-08-17 1969-08-15 Aspirator jet for drawing-off filaments

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US (1) US3655862A (es)
AT (1) AT328063B (es)
BE (1) BE737564A (es)
BR (1) BR6911591D0 (es)
CH (1) CH531055A (es)
CS (1) CS161728B2 (es)
DE (1) DE1785158C3 (es)
ES (2) ES366099A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2016139A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1282176A (es)
IL (1) IL32768A (es)
NL (1) NL144672B (es)
NO (1) NO124549B (es)
RO (1) RO57563A (es)
SE (1) SE348237B (es)

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US3863822A (en) * 1972-05-29 1975-02-04 Rueti Ag Maschf Nozzle device for producing a fluid jet
US3904098A (en) * 1974-04-24 1975-09-09 R B Toy Dev Co Loop erecting device
US4074727A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-02-21 Joseph Rene Cornellier Liquid supply system and nozzle for jet weaving looms
US4141121A (en) * 1976-12-13 1979-02-27 Glen Raven Mills, Inc. Apparatus for producing fluid jet teased yarns from short/medium staple multifiber spun yarns
US4189812A (en) * 1976-10-13 1980-02-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Jet for fluid texturing yarn
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US5145727A (en) * 1990-11-26 1992-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multilayer nonwoven composite structure
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US5494855A (en) * 1994-04-06 1996-02-27 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Thermoplastic compositions and nonwoven webs prepared therefrom
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US5618622A (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-04-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Surface-modified fibrous material as a filtration medium
US5641822A (en) * 1989-09-18 1997-06-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Surface-segregatable compositions and nonwoven webs prepared therefrom
US5667750A (en) * 1994-10-12 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Process of making a nonwoven web
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US5696191A (en) * 1989-09-18 1997-12-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surface-segregatable compositions and nonwoven webs prepared therefrom
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US5732454A (en) * 1995-08-23 1998-03-31 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Method and apparatus for stuffer box crimping synthetic filament threads
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US5780369A (en) * 1997-06-30 1998-07-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Saturated cellulosic substrate
US5801106A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-09-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties
US5800866A (en) * 1996-12-06 1998-09-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of preparing small particle dispersions
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BE737564A (es) 1970-01-16
IL32768A (en) 1972-09-28
GB1282176A (en) 1972-07-19
ATA786269A (de) 1975-05-15
IL32768A0 (en) 1969-11-12
CH531055A (de) 1972-11-30
AT328063B (de) 1976-03-10
NL144672B (nl) 1975-01-15
BR6911591D0 (pt) 1973-02-22
DE1785158C3 (de) 1979-05-17
FR2016139A1 (es) 1970-05-08
ES366099A1 (es) 1971-03-16
SE348237B (es) 1972-08-28
RO57563A (es) 1975-02-15
NO124549B (es) 1972-05-02
DE1785158A1 (de) 1971-03-18
CS161728B2 (es) 1975-06-10
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NL6912376A (es) 1970-02-19

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