US3655428A - Coating metallic materials - Google Patents

Coating metallic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3655428A
US3655428A US301A US3655428DA US3655428A US 3655428 A US3655428 A US 3655428A US 301 A US301 A US 301A US 3655428D A US3655428D A US 3655428DA US 3655428 A US3655428 A US 3655428A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wires
auxiliary
coated
enclosure
substance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US301A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adolphe Andre Bragard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
    • C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • C23C14/042—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks using masks
    • C23C14/044—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks using masks using masks to redistribute rather than totally prevent coating, e.g. producing thickness gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to processes for coating metallic materials, and principally metallic materials in elongated form such as, for instance, wires or strips.
  • the metallic materials to be covered are in an elongated form, or occupy a space which is large relative to that of the source of the vaporized substance, it is generally rather difficult to obtain on the material a coating, the thickness of which is accurately uniform.
  • This lack of uniformity in the thickness of the deposit has its origin in the differences of length existing among the paths which the vapor produced has to travel to reach the different parts of the material to be covered, the nearest parts being covered to a greater extent than the more distant parts.
  • the invention provides a process for coating metallic materials in a low pressure enclosure (for example, of the order of 10 to 10 Torr) containing a substance intended to serve as a coating, the substance being at a temperature at which it vaporizes, the material to be coated being disposed near the substance, and at least part of the material being opposite the free surface of the substance, in which process at least one screen intended to serve as a reflector of the vaporized substance, is held at a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the substance, and is positioned such that at least part of the vaporized substance coming into contact with the screen is reflected by the screen towards parts of the said material facing 'away from the said free surface.
  • a low pressure enclosure for example, of the order of 10 to 10 Torr
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic transverse section through apparatus for putting a process according to the invention into effect
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view of a further form of apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a similar view of another form of apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic transverse section through yet another arrangement for putting a process according to the invention into effect.
  • the material to be coated 1 is disposed above a melting vessel 2 containing a coating substance 7.
  • Screens 3 and 4 are placed obliquely at a higher position than the material 1, and are maintained at a temperature higher than the melting point of the substance 7.
  • a uniform deposit is obtained on the upper face 5 of the material 1 to be coated; the assembly of melting vessel 2, covering substance 7, and screens 3, 4 is placed in a enclosure 6 under vacuum.
  • a coating can be applied to a filament or a strip, by making the material to be covered to pass, at an appropriate speed, between the screens and the substance intended for the coating.
  • the screens can be plane or curved, according to the local geometric necessities. This process is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. Parallel wires 1a, pass continuously above the melting vessel 2 containing the substance 7 to be vaporized and below a curved screen 3a. The whole assembly is again situated in an enclosure 6 under vacuum.
  • the screens may be a part of the enclosure itself, or may be constituted by this enclosure itself, the internal face of the enclosure being taken to a temperature at least equal to the melting point of the coating substance.
  • the enclosure can be cylindrical and contain a receptacle for the coating substance; the material to be coated is to pass above the receptacle, the entry of the material into the enclosure and its exit therefrom being performed in an air-tight manner by appropriate means known per se.
  • the enclosure can be a cylindrical enclosure in which is mounted a longitudinal element constituting the coating substance; the material is made to pass near the covering substance, the path of the material through the enclosure advantageously being parallel to the said element constituting the covering material.
  • the entry of the material into the enclosed space and its exit therefrom is again made in an air-tight manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the mode of operation where the material to be coated 1a, is a number of parallel metallic wires introduced into the enclosure 6 under vacuum; these wires are disposed around an auxiliary wire 8 constitut ing the coating substance.
  • the coating substance is vaporized and deposits itself on the wires lb, either directly or after reflection from the internal wall of the enclosure 6 which serves as a cylindrical screen 3b.
  • the enclosure 6 is maintained at a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the auxiliary wire 8.
  • the arrangement of wires to be covered, auxiliary wires constituting the coating substance, and electron guns, can be made in any manner and it is only purely by way of an example that there will be described hereinafter a particularly advantageous arrangement to attain a uniform coating.
  • an aggregate of wires to be coated is passed through a network constituted by auxiliary wires and electron emitters, each auxilliary wire being submitted to the bombardment of at least one electron emitter;
  • the wires to be coated are parallel to each other, and are preferably regularly spaced in relation to each other;
  • auxiliary wires are parallel to each other, and are preferably regularly spaced in relation to each other;
  • the wires to be coated are substantially parallel to the auxiliary wires
  • the vapors produced by the electron bombardment of one or the other of the auxiliary wires will be able to condense on each portion of wire to be coated, while, during its passage, each portion of wire will remain in the network of auxiliary wires and emitters.
  • the direction of movement of the wires to be coated is made parallel to the auxiliary wires; which allows the wires to be coated to pass through continuously, and consequently allows continuous working of the process.
  • the wires to be coated are each disposed at the edges of a network of hexagonal prisms; the auxiliary wires are placed along the longitudinal axes of the said prisms; and each emitter is placed between two auxiliary wires, at the ratio of one emitter per two wires. It will be appreciated that, due to this arrangement, each wire to be coated (except the outermost wires of the network) is on the longitudinal axis of an equilateral triangular prism, each edge of which is occupied by an auxiliary wire.
  • auxiliary wires are also disposed outside the network of wires to be coated, in such a manner that the outer wires of this network are also situated on the longitudinal axis of an equilateral triangular prism each edge of which is occupied by an auxiliary wire.
  • FIG. 4 shows a transverse section through the network.
  • a lattice of 14 hexagons has 42 peaks each of which is occupied by the trace of a wire to be coated 1c. The center of each of these hexagons is occupied by the trace of an auxiliary wire 8c, that is to say 14 wires.
  • the lattice of hexagons is itself surrounded by the traces of 16 auxiliary wires 9 which allow the outermost wires to be coated evenly.
  • the 30 auxiliary wires 8,9 are acted on by electron emitters 10, each disposed between two auxiliary wires.
  • the whole lattice is placed in a circular sheath 6 the internal wall 3c of which is at a temperature greater than the vaporization temperature of the coating substance and serves as a reflecting screen.
  • a process for coating metal wires with a coating substance in a low pressure enclosure comprising bombarding at least one auxiliary wire, constituting the coating substance, with electrons so as to raise the auxiliary wire to a temperature at which the coating substance evaporates; passing the metal wires through the enclosure, the metal wires being substantially parallel with the auxiliary wire; and reflecting vapor emitted by the auxiliary wire by means of at least one screen held at a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the coating substance, so that vapor is directed towards parts of the metal wires facing away from the auxiliary wire.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1 said enclosure containing an array of auxiliary wires and electron emitters for heating said auxiliary wires, including passing said metal wires to be coated through said array of auxiliary wires, and bombarding each auxiliary wire with electrons from at least one electron emitter, in which process:
  • said wires to be coated are substantially parallel to each other;
  • said wires to be coated are substantially parallel to said auxiliary wires;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US301A 1969-01-02 1970-01-02 Coating metallic materials Expired - Lifetime US3655428A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE726416 1969-01-02

Publications (1)

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US3655428A true US3655428A (en) 1972-04-11

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US (1) US3655428A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE726416A (enrdf_load_html_response)
LU (1) LU59996A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912462A (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-10-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Selective dimensional control of fine wire mesh
US4083099A (en) * 1975-03-31 1978-04-11 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacture of a twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell
US4177093A (en) * 1978-06-27 1979-12-04 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Method of fabricating conducting oxide-silicon solar cells utilizing electron beam sublimation and deposition of the oxide
US4925512A (en) * 1982-06-11 1990-05-15 Sonoco Gunther S.A. Method for continuously manufacturing products of thermoplastic material and equipment for carrying out said method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879739A (en) * 1955-01-13 1959-03-31 Nat Res Corp Vaporized metal coating apparatus
US3019129A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-01-30 Nat Res Corp Apparatus and process for coating

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879739A (en) * 1955-01-13 1959-03-31 Nat Res Corp Vaporized metal coating apparatus
US3019129A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-01-30 Nat Res Corp Apparatus and process for coating

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912462A (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-10-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Selective dimensional control of fine wire mesh
US4083099A (en) * 1975-03-31 1978-04-11 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacture of a twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell
US4177093A (en) * 1978-06-27 1979-12-04 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Method of fabricating conducting oxide-silicon solar cells utilizing electron beam sublimation and deposition of the oxide
US4925512A (en) * 1982-06-11 1990-05-15 Sonoco Gunther S.A. Method for continuously manufacturing products of thermoplastic material and equipment for carrying out said method

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LU59996A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1970-02-11
BE726416A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1969-07-02

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