US3653382A - Expandable airfelt pad - Google Patents

Expandable airfelt pad Download PDF

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Publication number
US3653382A
US3653382A US886878A US3653382DA US3653382A US 3653382 A US3653382 A US 3653382A US 886878 A US886878 A US 886878A US 3653382D A US3653382D A US 3653382DA US 3653382 A US3653382 A US 3653382A
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United States
Prior art keywords
airfelt
folded
pad
absorbent
inch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US886878A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles E Easley
Charles L Wosaba
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
    • A47G9/0207—Blankets; Duvets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
    • A47G9/0238—Bed linen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/02—Towels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/01021—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/53409—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad having a folded core
    • A61F13/53436—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad having a folded core having an undulated or corrugated cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
    • A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads
    • A61F2013/00744—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads containing non-woven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/49—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
    • A61F2013/49068—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterized by the shape of the outline
    • A61F2013/49076—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterized by the shape of the outline as "I"-shaped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F2013/53765—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry
    • A61F2013/53786—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry with folds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/8488—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads including testing apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2555/00—Personal care
    • B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50047—Positioning, indexing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
    • Y10T428/24686—Pleats or otherwise parallel adjacent folds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A composite pad composed of a topsheet and a bottom sheet
  • the absorbent, folded planar airfelt pad con- U.S. slsts ofa glabrous surfaced and folded alrfelt composed of less CL 1 A6lf tha textil length fibers uch as wood fibers and in.
  • This invention relates to improvements in the use of short fibered airfelt pads as the absorbent layers in disposable articles such as diapers, sanitary napkins and bandages, and the invention provides for rupture preventing use of such airfelt pads in these single use situations wherein the property of disposal by toilet flushing is a desirable attribute. More particularly, the invention provides an improved fluid absorbent, folded airfelt pad and composite pad containing same for use in disposable structures and articles which are subject to in use stresses and strains while in either a dry or moist condition due to their intended function.
  • the invention provides for an absorbent, folded airfelt pad and composite pad containing same, wherein an airfelt prepared from wood fibers is imparted with resistance to in use stresses and strains by a glabrous surfacing and folded structure.
  • the folded structure and glabrous surfacing overcomes the normal lack of tensile and bursting strength in such an airfelt pad by providing an airfelt structure capable of withstanding high strain with low stress levels so that sufficient stress to tear, rupture, bunch or split the pad is not generated.
  • glabrous surfaced refers to an airfelt provided with a surface which prevents or minimizes fiber entanglement between surfaces of the airfelt when it is in a folded configuration, whereby surface slippage between folds is enhanced to the extent that the airfelt cannot rupture itself without fold slippage under stress.
  • airfelts have advantage in the manufacture of disposable articles, such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and bandages, in that airfelts are fluid absorbent, bulky, resilient and economically advantageous by nature
  • certain real problems have been and are encountered in incorporating the advantageous aspects of such airfelts in disposable articles. These problems result from the inherent flimsy nature of a short fibered airfelt in that these airfelts have little or no inherent tensile or bursting strength.
  • the disposable articles wherein such airfelts can be advantageous are structured of one or more layers of non-woven, plastic, creped tissue, and like materials used as top and bottom sheets to contain and cover an airfelt; the airfelt is made part of such a structure to provide the advantageous qualities of fluid absorbency, bulk and resiliency mentioned above.
  • the present absorbent, folded airfelt pad and composite pad method of incorporating an airfelt in a disposable article was developed.
  • the advantageous absorbent, folded planar airfelt pad of the present invention comprises an airfelt prepared from short fibers, i.e. wood fibers, cotton linter fibers and other fibers derived from woody plants, provided with glabrous surfaces and given a folded configuration.
  • These glabrous surfaces permit folding or pleating of the airfelt without entanglement of the airfelt fibers in the adjacent surfaces of substantially horizontal folds, thereby permitting each fold to slip or open at a low stress level when the pad is placed under in use strain loading.
  • one suitable embodiment of the present advantageous absorbent, folded airfelt pad is one wherein both surfaces of an airfelt are provided with a laminant overlay or glabrous surface of, for example, creped tissue prior to folding or pleating.
  • the airfelt with surfaces of creped tissue is then given a cross-machine direction folding treatment to provide the required resiliency in the resultant absorbent, folded airfelt pad structure.
  • the glabrous surfaced airfelt pad of the present structure having tissue overlays on each of its surfaces is not itself sufficiently strong to withstand the in use forces to which it is subjected while in a fluid wetted condition, it is only when the present structure is given convoluting folds in the cross-machine direction that such ability to adapt to mechanical stress is attained.
  • an absorbent, folded airfelt pad and composite pad having the required resistance to strain loading together with a pleasing bulky nature, is prepared according to the present invention.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an absorbent, folded airfelt pad which retains its ability to be easily repulped and flushed after use in a disposable article, but which is possessed of glabrous fiber retaining surfaces and has a pleated or folded form adapted to cooperate with the layers of the conventional disposable articles in which it finds use.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an absorbent, folded airfelt pad having glabrous surfaces provided by facing tissue sheets which absorbent, folded airfelt pads provide required resistance to failure not so much by their real tensile strength, but by their cooperative nature in avoiding the setting up of stress concentration points.
  • an absorbent, folded planar airfelt pad folded in pleated form and provided with glabrous surfaces to allow slippage of the substantially horizontal folds upon application of mechanical stress.
  • a composite pad comprising an absorbent, folded airfelt pad disposed between a topsheet and a bottom sheet.
  • the invention comprises an airfelt composed of wood pulp fibers, which airfelt is surfaced on both of its sides or faces with tissue paper prior to folding the airfelt in the manner described in detail below to provide ability to absorb stress loading during in use situations and thereby to prevent excessive shifting and rupture failure in the resulting absorbent, folded airfelt pad.
  • the weak airfelt can be provided with the required glabrous surfaces by either a surface spraying of water soluble adhesive or a non-woven sheet used as alternates to the tissue paper surfaces. Also combinations of tissue paper, non-woven materials and in situ provision for a glabrous surface can be made.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the composite pad and the absorbent, folded airfelt pad of this invention, illustrating a preferred fold configuration with the absorbent, folded airfelt pad in operative position between a topsheet and a bottom sheet, which topsheet is turned back to reveal the absorbent, folded airfelt pad;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view taken along line 22 of FIG. 1 to further illustrate the fold configuration in the absorbent, folded airfelt pad;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged isometric view of another preferred embodiment of the absorbent, folded airfelt pad of this invention, illustrating another fold configuration with the pad in operative position as a composite pad between a turned back topsheet and a bottom sheet;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view taken along line 4-4 ofFIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged isometric view of yet another preferred form ofthe present absorbent, folded airfelt pad, il-
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view of FIG. 5 taken along line 66;
  • FIG. 7 is an isometric view, illustrating the absorbent, folded airfelt pad and composite pad of FIG. 1 assembled in a pleated disposable diaper
  • FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the diaper illustrated in FIG. 7 placed in the form assumed when he diaper is worn by an infant.
  • FIG. I of the drawings there is illustrated a composite pad I and an absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2, which absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 comprises an airfelt 3 which is covered on both its surfaces, to provide the above stated glabrous surfaces, with tissue 4, which can be creped and has a basis weight of about 6 lb. to about 24 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., preferably about 10 lb. to about 12 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft.
  • the airfelt 3 has a basis weight of about 8 lb. to about 200 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., preferably about 24 lb. to about lb.
  • Absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 is disposed between topsheet 7 and bottom sheet 8 to form composite pad
  • the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 illustrated is provided with folds 5 having a frequency of about 1 fold to about 4 folds, preferably about 2 folds to about 3 folds, per inch such that the fold ratio, or ratio of folded to nonfolded length, in the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 is about 0.3 to about 0.7 and preferably is about 0.4 to about 0.5
  • the folded thickness of absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 is about 0.030 inch to about 0.250 inch, preferably about 0.070 inch to about 0.150 inch, and can be adjusted by calendering between rolls for an intended disposable article use.
  • Lines of embossing 6, which are about one-sixteenth inch to about three thirty-seconds inch in width on widely spaced, for example about 1 inch to about 2 inch centers cross the folds 5 in a generally perpendicular direction and can be provided by roller embossing, as illustrated in FIG. 1. These lines of embossing 6 are used to maintain the folded integrity of absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 for facilitation of its assembly into disposable articles.
  • Various embossing patterns such as diamonds, circles, dots, etc. or like patterns of water soluble adhesives, applied to supply low strength bonds which do not prevent in use extension of the folds 5, can be employed in place of the lines of embossing 6 for absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 integrity.
  • the folds 5 shown in FIG. 1 are preferably oriented in the cross-machine direction of airfelt 3 and provide expansion for the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 in the machine direction.
  • the illustrated pattern of folds 5 shown in FIG. 1 will provide protection against failure under machine direction in use loading as well as under loading along a diagonal direction which has a lateral component such as the type of loading placed on a diaper by baby leg and buttock movements during crawling and walking.
  • Other fold patterns, for example diagonal folds, in absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 can be employed to provide either crossmachine or machine direction expansion in absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 or combinations of fold patterns can be employed.
  • tissue 4 layers providing the glabrous surfaces of the airfelt 3 need only provide sufficient tensile strength to enable the pull-out or potential pull-out of the folds 5 in the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2.
  • the tissue 4 can be creped, and the tensile strength thereof does and is not intended to provide the full in use protection against rupture or bursting failure. Indeed, if it did so, the tissue 4 or other covering material can render the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 so stiff and non-resilient as to negate its usefulness in a disposable article or diaper structure, although such resiliency and stiffness may not negate effectiveness in other disposable articles such as bed pads.
  • the folds 5 in absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 act by expansion and slippage to prevent in use tenslle stresses from localizing to the extent that rupture or bursting failures are caused.
  • FIG. 2 further illustrates the nature of the composite pad I as comprising a topsheet 7 and a bottom sheet 8 with absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 disposed therebetween.
  • the fold configuration of the folds 5 is readily apparent.
  • topsheet 7 and bottom sheet 8 are either unattached or only edge attached to absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 so that the slippage and expansion of folds 5 can be fully utilized within the disposable article to prevent rupture of absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 and airfelt 3.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated another em bodiment of composite pad I wherein the folds 5 in absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 are in the form of interlocking T" or Greek letter omega chains.
  • the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 of FIG. 3 is stabilized for handling ease in assembling disposable articles by the above described lines of embossing 6extending across the folds 5. 1
  • FIG. 4 further illustrates the interlocking T folds 5 in absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 as one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 there is again illustrated a composite pad 1 having an absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 disposed between a topsheet 7 and a bottom sheet 8. It is noted that the folds 5 of FIG. 5 have a configuration similar to the folds 5 in FIG. I with the exception that they overlap less or have a higher fold ratio, as defined above.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a pleated diaper 9, as an embodiment of a disposable article, in which composite pad I and absorbent folded airfelt pad 2 are imminently suited to use.
  • bottom sheet 8 is extended outwardly from absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 to provide leg seal and waist pinning area for pleated diaper 9.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the form of pleated diaper 9 when placed about an infant in wearing position so that bottom sheet 8 is on the outside and is available at the infants waist for pinning while absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 and topsheet 7 are interior of pleated diaper 9.
  • Topsheet 7 is shown in position to contact a babys skin while absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 lies below.
  • absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 and composite pad 1 structures are structures which provide nonordered resistance to stresses to result in an unexpected increase in apparent rupture or burst resistance over that which would be obtained from the sum rupture or burst resistances of the surface layers and the airfelt.
  • the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 exhibits a marked increase to rupture and burst stresses over that afforded by either airfelt 3 or airfelt 3 together with surfaces of tissue 4. This improvement in tear or burst resistance is realized by forming absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 from airfelt 3 which in other than its tissue 4 surface layers has little or no apparent tear or tensile strength.
  • the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 is folded so that, under the in use loading to which it is subject, any tensile or burst stresses are generalized and absorbed by the structure without approaching its absolute tensile strength.
  • tissue 4 surface layers of the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 do not approach the tensile strength which would be required to resist failure.
  • tissue 4 or glabrous surface layers prevent either airfelt 3 fiber entanglement at contact surfaces between adjacent folds 5 or fiber entanglement interaction between the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 and other disposable article layers, e.g.
  • absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 is that, for a given basis weight, it has an apparent bulk resiliency hysteresis with regard to pressure loading and unloading that is difficult or impossible to realize in a nonfolded structure. This hysteresis or springiness under repeated pressure loading is also imparted to composite pad 1. Comparing between pads of equal basis weight, the absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2 of the present invention exhibits an increased absorbency as compared with a nonfolded structure containing like layers.
  • a test apparatus was employed wherein a 4 by 4 inch sample of the composite pad 1, or absorbent, folded airfelt pad 2, as prepared for test by wetting with 2 times its dry weight with water and allowing it to sit or equilibrate for I minute, was restrained in compression between two annular, flat metal rings of aluminum with an internal opening diameter of 3.5 inches.
  • the bottom center of the 3.5 inch diameter sample thus restrained rested on a 1.5 inch diameter first plate covered with,.one-sixteenth inch polyurethane foam.
  • a second 1 inch diameter plate covered with one-sixteenth polyurethane foam was centered and pressed down on the top of the sample, disposed on the first or bottom plate, with a pressure of 12.7 lb. per sq. in.
  • test sample was additionally wetted with 2 times its dry weight of water and allowed to equilibrate for 1 minute.
  • the first plate, pressing on the bottom surface of the sample under test, was free to rotate in the plane of the sample while the second plate pressing against the top surface was articulated so that it could be rotated within an arc of 45 at a frequency of 55 times per minute.
  • the rotary movement of the first and second plates tended to tear out the restrained test sample in a circle arou nd the articulated 1 inch diameter central pressure plate.
  • a test period in this simulated test with the described rotary articulation was 4 minutes, and the test results were recorded as tear grades from 0 to 3 by inspection, with tear grades greater than I equated to unsatisfactory performance in actual use.
  • the tear grades assigned to individual test samples had the following meaning:
  • EXAMPLE I An absorbent, folded airfelt pad was formed by first preparing an airfelt from Southern softwood kraft fibers. The airfelt has a basis weight prior to folding of 48 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., and was enclosed between two sheets of creped tissue paper, each of which tissue paper sheets had a basis weight of l 1.5 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. The resulting composite material was folded in the fold configuration illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a fold frequency of 4 folds per inch and a fold ratio of 0.57.
  • the substantially horizontal folds were made to run in the crossmachine direction of the tissue paper enclosing sheets and were held in place, for convenience in handling the resulting absorbent, folded airfelt pad, by l/l6 inch wide embossing lines located on l /sinch centers and running across the folds.
  • the resulting absorbent, folded planar airfelt pad had a thickness of 0.175 inch, as folded, and was calendered between a rubber roll and a steel roll loaded to 35 lb. per linear inch to reduce the thickness to 0.120 inch.
  • the topsheet was a non-woven rayon fiber material having a basis weight of 13 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., while the bottom sheet was a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of 0.001 inch.
  • the diaper was shown to hold 195 grams, or 7.5 times its dry absorbent, folded airfelt pad weight, of water while subjected to a compressive loading of 1 lb. per sq. inch to simulate in use pressures.
  • the diaper of this example was also found to be tear resistant, flushable by the method described above and otherwise satisfactory for use when subjected to actual wearing and soiling by an infant.
  • a diaper with an absorbent pad weight of 25 grams was prepared in a similar way from identical materials, with the exception that the airfelt was not folded and additional airfelt was provided for equal weight, was found to hold only 169 grams or 6.5 times it dry weight of water.
  • This comparison diaper had a tear grade of 3, evidencing a tearing of greater than 180 around the oscillated portion and unsatisfactory susceptibility to in use failure.
  • a composite pad assembled from an absorbent, folded airfelt pad, prepared from airfelt having an unfolded basis weight of 8 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and tissue having a basis weight of6 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., using a fold ratio of 0.3 and a fold frequency of 1 per inch in the manner of this example I will be found to be tear and rupture resistant, absorbent and otherwise satisfactory for disposable article use as a diaper.
  • the absorbent, folded airfelt pad of this example I assembled into a composite pad having a non-woven topsheet and a bottom sheet comprised of a plastic sheet with an outer non-woven layer, will be found suitable for use either as a sanitary napkin or as a bandage.
  • EXAMPLE II An absorbent, folded airfelt pad was formed by first preparing an airfelt from Southern softwood kraft fibers.
  • the airfelt had a basis weight prior to folding of 48 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., and was enclosed between two sheets of creped tissue paper, each of which has an unfolded basis weight of 11.5 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft.
  • the resulting composite material was folded in the fold configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a fold frequency of 2.7 folds per inch and a fold ratio of 0.57.
  • the folds were made to run in the cross-machine direction of the tissue paper enclosing sheets and were held in place by 1/16 inch wide embossing lines located on 1%0 inch centers and running across the folds.
  • the resulting absorbent, folded airfelt pad cut to measure 16 inches in the folded direction and 12.5 inches in the cross fold direction and having a weight of 26 grams was assembled into a diaper having a topsheet and a bottom sheet as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the topsheet was a non-woven rayon fiber material having a basis weight of 13 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft.
  • the bottom sheet was a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of0.00l inch.
  • the prepared diaper was shown to hold 200 grams, or 7.7 times its dry weight, of water while subjected to a compressive loading of 1 lb. per sq. in. to simulate in use pressures.
  • a simulated test of tear under in use movement using the test apparatus and method described above, was conducted on the diaper with the result that no tearing, or a tear grade of 0, was observed.
  • the diaper of this example ll was found to be tear resistant, flushable by the method described above and otherwise satisfactory for use when subjected to actual wear by an infant.
  • a composite pad assembled from an absorbent, folded airfelt pad, prepared from airfelt having an unfolded basis weight of 200 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and tissue having an unfolded basis weight of 24 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., with a fold ratio of 0.7 and a fold frequency of 2 per inch, will be found to be tear and rupture resistant, absorbent and otherwise satisfactory for disposable article use as a diaper or a bed pad.
  • An absorbent, folded airfelt pad was formed by first preparing an airfelt from Southern softwood kraft fibers.
  • the airfelt had an unfolded basis weight of 72 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., and was enclosed between two sheets of creped tissue paper, each of which tissue paper sheets had a basis weight of l 1.5 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft.
  • the resulting composite material was folded in the fold configuration illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a fold frequency of3 folds per inch and a fold ratio of0.67.
  • the folds were made to run in the cross-machine direction of the tissue paper enclosing sheets and were held in place by an embossed diamond pattern consisting of 1 inch machine direction by 2 inch cross-machine direction diamonds outlined by embossed lines with a width of three thirty-seconds inch.
  • the so cut piece of absorbent, folded airfelt pad was assembled into a diaper having a topsheet and a bottom sheet as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the topsheet was a non-woven rayon fiber material having a basis weight of 13 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., while the bottom sheet was a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of0.00l inch.
  • the diaper was shown to hold 231 grams, or 7.7 times its dry weight of water while subjected to a compressive loading of 1 lb. per sq. in. to simulate in use pressures.
  • a simulated test of tear under in use movement was conducted on the diaper with the result that a tear grade of l was recorded. Although this tear grade of 1 indicates a small amount of tear, less than of total tear around the test periphery, the diaper of this example III was found to be tear resistant, flushable and otherwise satisfactory for use when subjected to actual wear by an infant.
  • a composite pad prepared in the manner of this example 111, from an absorbent, folded airfelt pad, made from airfelt having an unfolded basis weight of 24 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and tissue having an unfolded basis weight of 6 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft., with a fold ratio of 0.4 and a fold frequency of 4 per inch, will be found to be tear and rupture resistant, absorbent and otherwise satisfactory for use as a diaper.
  • An absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad for use in disposable articles which airfelt pad is comprised of airfelt with glabrous surfaces and has a multiplicity of substantially horizontal folds having a frequency of about 1 to about 4 folds per inch together with a folded to unfolded length of about 0.3 to about 0.7.
  • An absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad for use in disposable articles which airfelt pad is comprised of airfelt having a basis weight of about 8 lb. to about 200 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. with glabrous surfaces of tissue having a basis weight of about 6 lb. to about 24 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and has a multiplicity of substantially horizontal folds having a frequency of about 1 to about 4 folds per inch together with a folded to unfolded length ratio of about 0.3 to about 0.7.
  • the absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad for use in disposable articles of claim 2 wherein the folds are stabilized by lines of embossing having a width of about one-sixteenth inch to about three thirty-seconds inch and the absorbent, folded airfelt pad thickness is about 0.030 inch to about 0.250 inch.
  • An absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad for use in disposable articles which airfelt pad is comprised of airfelt having a basis weight of about 24 lb. to about 100 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. with glabrous surfaces of tissue having a basis weight of about 10 lb. to about 12 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and has a multiplicity of substantially horizontal folds having a frequency of about 2 to about 3 folds per inch together with a folded to unfolded length ratio of about 0.4 to about 0.5.
  • the absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad for use in disposable articles of claim 4 wherein the substantially horizontal folds are stabilized by lines of embossing having a width of about one-sixteenth inch to about three thirtyseconds inch and the absorbent, folded airfelt pad thickness is about 0.070 inch to about 0.150 inch.
  • a composite pad for use as a disposable article which composite pad is comprised of a topsheet and a bottom sheet with an absorbent, folded, planar airfelt pad disposed therebetween, which airfelt pad is comprised of airfelt having a basis weight of about 8 lb. to about 200 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. with glabrous surfaces of tissue having a basis weight of about 6 lb. to about 24 lb. per 3,000 sq. ft. and has a multiplicity of substantially horizontal folds having a frequency of about 1 to about 4 folds per inch together with a folded to unfolded length ratio of about 0.3 to about 0.7.
  • topsheet is a non-woven sheet
  • bottom sheet is a plastic film
  • the disposable article is a diaper.
  • topsheet is a non-woven sheet
  • bottom sheet is a plastic film with an outer layer of non-woven sheet
  • the disposable article is a sanitary napkin.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
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US3885568A (en) * 1971-03-26 1975-05-27 Charles H Schaar Expandable article
US3837338A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-09-24 Kendall & Co Conformable nonwoven bandage
US3913578A (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-10-21 Colgate Palmolive Co Disposable diaper
US4568341A (en) * 1982-03-10 1986-02-04 James G. Mitchell Absorbent pads, incontinence care products and methods of production
US4560380A (en) * 1982-09-29 1985-12-24 Flare Products, Inc. Disposable therapy diaper
US4853273A (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-08-01 Elmatco Products, Incorporated Drill board and method of making the same
US5141794A (en) * 1989-11-03 1992-08-25 At&T Bell Laboratories Superabsorbent article having relatively thin liquid absorbent portion
US5713884A (en) * 1990-06-18 1998-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Stretchable absorbent articles
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GB1312370A (en) 1973-04-04
BE760610A (fr) 1971-06-21
FR2075886B1 (de) 1973-02-02
FR2075886A1 (de) 1971-10-15
DE2062790A1 (de) 1971-07-01
CA940283A (en) 1974-01-22
SE384131B (sv) 1976-04-26
NL7018696A (de) 1971-06-24

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