US3650715A - Abrasive compositions - Google Patents

Abrasive compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3650715A
US3650715A US813754A US3650715DA US3650715A US 3650715 A US3650715 A US 3650715A US 813754 A US813754 A US 813754A US 3650715D A US3650715D A US 3650715DA US 3650715 A US3650715 A US 3650715A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
volume percent
dendritic
diamonds
article
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US813754A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Klaus Brushek
Frank Clyde Starr Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unicorn Industries Ltd
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3650715A publication Critical patent/US3650715A/en
Assigned to UNICORN INDUSTRIES PLC reassignment UNICORN INDUSTRIES PLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ABRASIVES INTERNATIONAL NV, A CORP. OF THE NEHERLANDS ANTILLES
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/932—Abrasive or cutting feature

Definitions

  • Dendritic metal refers to an arborescent, branched, tree-like-shaped form which can be prepared electrolytically.
  • the clusters of dendritic metal particles are from 50 to 600 U.S. Standard mesh size.
  • the individual dendrites within a cluster typically resemble small diameter cylindrical rods, the surface of which is closely covered with branches about 3 microns long and l micron in diameter as seen in scanning electron micrographs.
  • the metals which are suitable for use in the present invention are those structural metals which can be electrodeposited in dendritic form and include nickel, iron, zinc, nickel alloys, copper, silver and copper alloys such as bronze and brass.
  • dendritic metal particles appears to aid in producing a strong molded object by permitting interlocking of the particles with each other and around the diamonds and resin.
  • the malleability of a metal such as copper permits deformation during the pressing and molding of the resin such that strong molded objects can be produced with relatively low levels of resin binder, a result which is in striking contrast to that obtained with low levers of resin and similar levels of hard or relatively smooth surfaced filler.
  • diamond abrasive composition made with the dendritic metal-polyimide system at high metal loading can withstand the high forces involved in dry grinding 50 and at the same time easily remove the heat generated by the grinding process from the area surrounding the diamond. The latter permits greater retention of the diamonds with consequent increases in grinding efficiency.
  • the polyimides used herein are powders of the aromatic polyimides.
  • these aromatic polyimides have the where R, R and R are organic radicals selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aromatic heterocyclic, bridged aromatic and substituted groups thereof.
  • R's include D and QR'Q wherein the bonds to the carbonyl groups are arranged in pairs lo with the carbonyl groups of each pair on adjacent or peri carbon atoms.
  • Preferred R"s include When pyromellitic dianhydride is used at least 14 mole percent of the diamine used should contain two aromatic rings.
  • Preferred k 's include where R is lower alkyl or eryl and BETH or hydrogen.
  • the polyimide powder may be prepared in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No.
  • 3,249,5 88 issued May 3, 1966 to Walter George Gall and should have a surface area of at least 0.1 square meter/gram and preferably greater than 2 square meters/gram, as measured by adsorption of nitrogen from a gas stream of nitrogen and helium at liquid nitrogen temperature, using the technique described by F. M. Nelsen and F. T. Eggertson (Anal. Chem. 30, 1387 (1958) Sample weights are in the order ofO. 1-3.5 g. The thermal conductivity detector is maintained at 40 C. and the flow rate is approximately ml./min. The gas mixture used is 10 parts by weight nitrogen and 90 parts by weight helium.
  • the polyimide should have an inherent viscosity of at least OJ and preferably from 0.3 to 5, as measured at 35 C from a 0.5 percent by weight solution in 96 percent sulfuric acid. If the polyimide is not soluble to the extent of 0.5 percent in 96 percent sulfuric acid at 35 C. and a strong article can be coalesced therefrom it is assumed to have an inherent viscosity of greater than 0.1.
  • the molded abrasive composition generally contains from 6 to 35 volume percent diamonds, from to 65 volume percent dendritic metal, and from to 75 volume percent aromatic polyimide.
  • part of the resin phase can be replaced with up to 80 volume percent of another abrasive such as silicon carbide, or aluminum oxide, or a filler such as glass, or a metal in the form of metal coating on the diamonds, powder or metal fibers provided that at least 10 volume percent of the composition is aromatic polyimide.
  • volume percent is based on the as-molded composition.
  • the diamonds are from 50 to 300 US. Standard screen series size for grinding wheels while diamonds as fine as 1,200 sieve size are suitable for hones.
  • the diamond- "con'taining composition is made up as a rim with the diamonds embedded in a coalesced polyimide matrix which rim is then mounted on a core.
  • the core preferably is aluminum, but other materials such as aluminum filled phenolic resin may be used. Hones of various shapes can be molded by similar techniques.
  • a Di 1V9 flaring cup wheel is mounted on the spindle of a Gallmeyer and Livingstone No. 28 grinder and rotated at 4,000 r.p.m.
  • the work consists of a row of 6 blocks of cemented carbide, C-2 grade, and 6 blocks of cemented carbide, C-5 grade, each A inch X 52 inch and spaced alternately 1 inch apart.
  • the table speed is either 2 or 5 ft./min. and the infeed is 0.002 inch.
  • the grinding operation consists of a cutting pass during which each block is ground followed by a spark-out pass prior to the next infeed.
  • the grinding operation is continued at carbide removal rate of 0.l4 inP/hr. and 0.35 inP/hr. at table speed of 2 ft./min. and 5 ft./min., respectively.
  • the grinding ratio (GR) is the ratio of the volume of carbide removed to the volume of wheel removed.
  • EXAMPLES l-3 Rim composition (vol. percent) Metal Diamond cladding Resin binder Filler 25 12 63 0 25 12 33 (13-153 brass powder). 25 12 33 30 (dendritic copper) I 13-153 is 60 mesh 75.7% co zinc, and 1.4% lead alloy blended with 3.5% iron.
  • the dendritic copper use ere and in Examples 7-14 18, 19, 21, and 22 was made electrolytically produced particles which resemble sma branches which small u oi diameter cylindrical rods Rom protrude.
  • the branches essentially cover the surface oi the rod, or
  • a Di 1V9 (American Standards Association) flaring cup wheel is mounted on the spindle ofa Cincinnati No. 2 grinder 45 and rotated at 4,000 r.p.m.
  • the work consists of 16 blocks of cemented carbide, grade C-3 or C-5, mounted and evenly -spaced on a rotatable head and each having an exposed rectangular surface A inch X inch.
  • the grinding ratio is the ratio of the volume of carbide removed to the volume of wheel removed.
  • the yield was 6 hones per cylinder.
  • the bases of 8 hones were shaped to fit the holders of a two-turret honing machine manufactured by Micromatic Hone Corp. for honing cast iron brake drums.
  • semifinished drums 12 inches l.D. and 2.8 inches width were then honed, during which operation the turrets were rotated at about 170 rpm.
  • the wear ratio expressed as number of drums honed per gram of diamond consumed was about 1.900.
  • Phenolic bonded stones with the same diamond grit size and concentration exhibited a wear ratio of about 450 drums per gram of diamond used, while the metal bonded stones normally used to hone cast iron brake drums had ratios about the same as that of the composition of this Example.
  • composition (b) was placed and leveled on top of the preformed composition (a) and also preformed at 6,000 psi.
  • the mold and contents were then heated at low contact pressure to 450 C. and the preform was molded at this temperature for 20 minutes under a pressure of 55,000 p.s.i.
  • the mold was cooled to below 200 C. The pressure was released and the molded cylinder was ejected.
  • Dendritic copper powder (17.1 g.) was then compacted on top of the abrasive-containing preform at 6,000 p.s.i. and the mold and its contents were heated to 450 C. under low contact pressure.
  • the preform was molded at this temperature for 20 minutes at 30.000 p.s.i. and cooled under 3 pressure to below 200 C.
  • the resultant disc had an abrasive layer 0.030 inch thick and its composition by volume nickel (cladding on the diamonds), 11.5 percent polyimide resin, 24 percent dendritic copper, 16 percent zinc and 1 1.5 percent silicon carbide.
  • the high volume loading of fillers with corresponding low volume of resin was made possible by the dendritic nature of the copper filler.
  • the molded composition was shown to be strong and useful by the following test.
  • the IVs-inch diameter disc was center drilled to form a 9/32 inch hole and it was mounted on a variable speed, vertical spindle in such a way that the abrasive surface was in contact with a 5 inch thick cast iron, wear plate having a ring shape whose inside diameter of about 1 inch and outside diameter of about 1% inches resulted in an area of contact of 0.4 inch
  • the surface of the wear plate was lapped with a 600 G SiC finish.
  • the flat surfaces of both the test specimen and the wear plate were parallel and in the same plane.
  • the wear plate was thermally insulated from its holder and was connected to a strain gage through a lever arm. A force sufficient to produce a load of 18 pounds on the nominal area of contact of 0.40 inch was applied through the lever arm to the test specimen.
  • the spindle was rotated at a speed such that the velocity of the surface of the test specimen in contact with the wear plate was 600 ft./min., thus giving a PV value (pressure in lbs/in. x
  • An abrasive article comprising from between about 6 and a 2-inch radius of curvature in the direction of the short iabout 35 volume percent of diamonds from between about 10 and about 75 volume percent of an aromatic polyimide derived from 3,3,4,4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxydianiline, and from between about and about 65 volume percent of compacted dendritic copper.
  • An abrasive composition comprising diamonds, coalesceable aromatic polyimide of poly-N,N' (4,4--oxydiphenylene)pyromellitimide and dendritic copper having in molded form from about 6 to about 35 volume percent of diamonds, from about 10 to about 75 volume percent of said aromatic polyimide, and from about 5 to about 65 volume percent of compacted dendtit c pper m. .a-
  • An abrasive composition comprising diamonds, coalesceable aromatic polyimide derived from 3,3,4,4'- benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4-oxydianiline and dendritic copper having in molded form from about 6 to about 35 volume percent of diamonds, from about 10 to about 75 volume percent of said aromatic polyimide, and from about 5 to about 65 volume percent of compacted dendritic copper.
  • dendritic copper is in the form of clustered dendritic particles wherein said clusters are of between about 50 and about 600 U.S. Standard mesh size.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US813754A 1969-04-04 1969-04-04 Abrasive compositions Expired - Lifetime US3650715A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81375469A 1969-04-04 1969-04-04

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3650715A true US3650715A (en) 1972-03-21

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3650715A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4815997B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2016349C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1266271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779727A (en) * 1971-07-19 1973-12-18 Norton Co Resin-bonded abrasive tools with metal fillers
US3841852A (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-10-15 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Abraders, abrasive particles and methods for producing same
US3871840A (en) * 1972-01-24 1975-03-18 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Abrasive particles encapsulated with a metal envelope of allotriomorphic dentrites
US3923476A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-12-02 Alexander Rose Roy Method of producing coated abrasive particles
US4042347A (en) * 1974-04-15 1977-08-16 Norton Company Method of making a resin-metal composite grinding wheel
US4046302A (en) * 1975-05-26 1977-09-06 Schladitz Hermann J Methods of manufacturing bodies of conglomerated particles
US4729771A (en) * 1985-09-27 1988-03-08 Ube Industries, Ltd. Abrasive sheet and process for producing the same
US4735655A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-04-05 D. Swarovski & Co. Sintered abrasive material
US5045972A (en) * 1990-08-27 1991-09-03 The Standard Oil Company High thermal conductivity metal matrix composite
US5120495A (en) * 1990-08-27 1992-06-09 The Standard Oil Company High thermal conductivity metal matrix composite
US5221291A (en) * 1990-11-02 1993-06-22 Ube Industries, Ltd. Abrasive sheet and process for producing same
US5314513A (en) * 1992-03-03 1994-05-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive product having a binder comprising a maleimide binder
US5637123A (en) * 1994-02-19 1997-06-10 Kozo Ishizaki Porous metal bond grinder and method of manufacturing the same
WO1997029886A1 (de) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. Schleifwerkzeug mit einem metall-kunstharz-bindemittel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US5885149A (en) * 1994-11-16 1999-03-23 Gillet; Thierry Homogenous abrasive tool
US20030153247A1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2003-08-14 Tricard Marc J.M. Cutting device for separating individual laminated chip assemblies from a strip thereof, method of separation and a method of making the cutting device
US20040044123A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-04 Ube Industries, Ltd. Heat resistant resin bonded grindstone
US20090151267A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Upadhyay Rachana D Multifunction abrasive tool with hybrid bond
US20140000579A1 (en) * 2011-03-04 2014-01-02 Nv Bekaert Sa Sawing bead
US8715381B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2014-05-06 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of forming
US9102039B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2015-08-11 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9266219B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2016-02-23 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9278431B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2016-03-08 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9833877B2 (en) 2013-03-31 2017-12-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
CN118109015A (zh) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-31 泉州众志新材料科技有限公司 一种钛板树脂布拉材料及钛板树脂布拉

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3404871A1 (de) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-23 Rands, Mary, Los Angeles, Calif. Schleif-, hon- oder abreibkoerper

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295940A (en) * 1962-12-19 1967-01-03 Du Pont Abrasive resinous polymer compositions and their preparation
US3518068A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Process for manufacturing grinding wheels containing coppercoated grains

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295940A (en) * 1962-12-19 1967-01-03 Du Pont Abrasive resinous polymer compositions and their preparation
US3518068A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Process for manufacturing grinding wheels containing coppercoated grains

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779727A (en) * 1971-07-19 1973-12-18 Norton Co Resin-bonded abrasive tools with metal fillers
US3841852A (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-10-15 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Abraders, abrasive particles and methods for producing same
US3871840A (en) * 1972-01-24 1975-03-18 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Abrasive particles encapsulated with a metal envelope of allotriomorphic dentrites
US3923476A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-12-02 Alexander Rose Roy Method of producing coated abrasive particles
US4042347A (en) * 1974-04-15 1977-08-16 Norton Company Method of making a resin-metal composite grinding wheel
US4046302A (en) * 1975-05-26 1977-09-06 Schladitz Hermann J Methods of manufacturing bodies of conglomerated particles
US4729771A (en) * 1985-09-27 1988-03-08 Ube Industries, Ltd. Abrasive sheet and process for producing the same
US4735655A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-04-05 D. Swarovski & Co. Sintered abrasive material
US5045972A (en) * 1990-08-27 1991-09-03 The Standard Oil Company High thermal conductivity metal matrix composite
US5120495A (en) * 1990-08-27 1992-06-09 The Standard Oil Company High thermal conductivity metal matrix composite
US5221291A (en) * 1990-11-02 1993-06-22 Ube Industries, Ltd. Abrasive sheet and process for producing same
US5314513A (en) * 1992-03-03 1994-05-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive product having a binder comprising a maleimide binder
US5637123A (en) * 1994-02-19 1997-06-10 Kozo Ishizaki Porous metal bond grinder and method of manufacturing the same
US5885149A (en) * 1994-11-16 1999-03-23 Gillet; Thierry Homogenous abrasive tool
WO1997029886A1 (de) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. Schleifwerkzeug mit einem metall-kunstharz-bindemittel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US6063148A (en) * 1996-02-14 2000-05-16 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarouski K.G. Grinding tool with a metal-synthetic resin binder and method of producing the same
US20030153247A1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2003-08-14 Tricard Marc J.M. Cutting device for separating individual laminated chip assemblies from a strip thereof, method of separation and a method of making the cutting device
WO2003068450A3 (en) * 2002-02-12 2003-12-24 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Cutting device for separating individual laminated chip assemblies from a strip thereof, method of separation and a method of making the cutting device
US6800018B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2004-10-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Cutting device for separating individual laminated chip assemblies from a strip thereof, method of separation and a method of making the cutting device
US20040044123A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-04 Ube Industries, Ltd. Heat resistant resin bonded grindstone
US20090005488A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2009-01-01 Shin-Nissan Diamond Tools Mfg. Co., Ltd. Heat resistant resin bonded grindstone
US20090151267A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Upadhyay Rachana D Multifunction abrasive tool with hybrid bond
TWI405639B (zh) * 2007-12-12 2013-08-21 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc 具有混合黏結的多功能研磨工具
US9676077B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2017-06-13 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of forming
US8715381B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2014-05-06 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of forming
US9254553B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2016-02-09 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of forming
US10377017B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2019-08-13 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of forming
US20140000579A1 (en) * 2011-03-04 2014-01-02 Nv Bekaert Sa Sawing bead
US9102039B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2015-08-11 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9266219B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2016-02-23 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9278431B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2016-03-08 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US10377016B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2019-08-13 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US9833877B2 (en) 2013-03-31 2017-12-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
US10946499B2 (en) 2013-03-31 2021-03-16 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding
CN118109015A (zh) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-31 泉州众志新材料科技有限公司 一种钛板树脂布拉材料及钛板树脂布拉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2016349A1 (de) 1970-10-22
DE7012496U (de) 1970-07-30
JPS4815997B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-18
DE2016349C3 (de) 1979-12-20
GB1266271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-08
DE2016349B2 (de) 1979-05-03

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AS Assignment

Owner name: UNICORN INDUSTRIES PLC, 285 LONG ACRE, NECHELLS, B

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ABRASIVES INTERNATIONAL NV, A CORP. OF THE NEHERLANDS ANTILLES;REEL/FRAME:004142/0258

Effective date: 19821231