US3645113A - Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type - Google Patents

Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645113A
US3645113A US11432A US3645113DA US3645113A US 3645113 A US3645113 A US 3645113A US 11432 A US11432 A US 11432A US 3645113D A US3645113D A US 3645113DA US 3645113 A US3645113 A US 3645113A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
cooling
nozzle
expansion
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US11432A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth E Nicholds
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3645113A publication Critical patent/US3645113A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0011—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at reduced or low pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, so as to produce a supply of liquefied fluid in a container.
  • nozzle is used herein to cover any conventional or preferred static device permitting expansion of gas, whether it be a plain orifice, a specially shaped nozzle, or a number of orifices whether alone or as sociated with a porous plug or membrane.
  • the apparatus includes means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
  • the means for producing a suction conveniently comprise an ejector.
  • the apparatus may comprise a heat-exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
  • the invention is particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with small high-speed coolers which are intended on each operation (or on their only operation) to produce low temperature, possibly of the order of that of liquid air, within quite a short time, for example, a few seconds, and to maintain the temperature also for a relatively short time, perhaps of the order ofa minute or two.
  • the discharge from the ejector may be at atmospheric pressure or alternatively it may be at a higher pressure. In the latter case the exhaust pressure may be employed to perform a useful function, for example to blow off the protective nose cone, shutter or other cover sometimes employed to protect an infrared seeking device from the effects of weather prior to launch.
  • the cooler includes an annular heat exchanger comprising a tubular body 10 around which is helically wound a finned inlet tube 11.
  • the external wall of the heat exchanger is afforded by the inner wall 14 of a Dewar flask 15, located round the finned coil 11, and the space between the body 10 and the wall 14 provides a path for exhaust gas flowing past the fins to cool the incoming high-pressure refrigerant within the tube 1 l.
  • the cold end of the external tube 14 is closed to form a reservoir 18 in which the liquid refrigerant can accumulate and which is in heat-exchange relationship with a load 16, such as a radiation detector.
  • the upper end of the helical finned tube 1 l communicates with a central bore 20 near the warm end of the body to which working fluid under pressure is supplied through a lateral supply pipe 27.
  • the helical heat-exchanger tube 11 communicates with an expansion nozzle 12.
  • the cooler is provided with an ejector unit 25 having an ejector nozzle 26 connected to the bore 20, a suction inlet 28 connected to the gas outlet 29 from the cooler, and an exhaust 30 to atmosphere connected to a diffuser 31.
  • cooler may be as in any of the embodiments described in the specifications referred to above, in many of which the expansion orifice forms a seating for an automatic regulating valve.
  • Cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, including means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for producing a suction comprise an ejector.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the ejector is an expansion nozzle for producing an exhaust at superatmospheric pressure.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising a heat exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US11432A 1969-02-17 1970-02-16 Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type Expired - Lifetime US3645113A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB846869 1969-02-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3645113A true US3645113A (en) 1972-02-29

Family

ID=9853042

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11432A Expired - Lifetime US3645113A (en) 1969-02-17 1970-02-16 Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3645113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2007182A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2035522A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1297516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782129A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Proportionate flow cryostat
US3807188A (en) * 1973-05-11 1974-04-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Thermal coupling device for cryogenic refrigeration
CN106369892A (zh) * 2016-11-16 2017-02-01 昆明物理研究所 一种应用于微型节流制冷器的回流稳压结构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2133868B (en) * 1983-01-21 1986-06-11 British Aerospace Cooling apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3314473A (en) * 1965-07-16 1967-04-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Crystal growth control in heat exchangers
US3364697A (en) * 1965-07-30 1968-01-23 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier
US3517525A (en) * 1967-06-28 1970-06-30 Hymatic Eng Co Ltd Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3314473A (en) * 1965-07-16 1967-04-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Crystal growth control in heat exchangers
US3364697A (en) * 1965-07-30 1968-01-23 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier
US3517525A (en) * 1967-06-28 1970-06-30 Hymatic Eng Co Ltd Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782129A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Proportionate flow cryostat
US3807188A (en) * 1973-05-11 1974-04-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Thermal coupling device for cryogenic refrigeration
CN106369892A (zh) * 2016-11-16 2017-02-01 昆明物理研究所 一种应用于微型节流制冷器的回流稳压结构
CN106369892B (zh) * 2016-11-16 2019-06-14 昆明物理研究所 一种应用于微型节流制冷器的回流稳压结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1297516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-22
FR2035522A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-18
DE2007182A1 (de) 1970-09-10

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