US3645113A - Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type - Google Patents
Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3645113A US3645113A US11432A US3645113DA US3645113A US 3645113 A US3645113 A US 3645113A US 11432 A US11432 A US 11432A US 3645113D A US3645113D A US 3645113DA US 3645113 A US3645113 A US 3645113A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- cooling
- nozzle
- expansion
- supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100289061 Drosophila melanogaster lili gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
- F25B2341/0011—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at reduced or low pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
Definitions
- This invention relates to cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, so as to produce a supply of liquefied fluid in a container.
- nozzle is used herein to cover any conventional or preferred static device permitting expansion of gas, whether it be a plain orifice, a specially shaped nozzle, or a number of orifices whether alone or as sociated with a porous plug or membrane.
- the apparatus includes means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
- the means for producing a suction conveniently comprise an ejector.
- the apparatus may comprise a heat-exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
- the invention is particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with small high-speed coolers which are intended on each operation (or on their only operation) to produce low temperature, possibly of the order of that of liquid air, within quite a short time, for example, a few seconds, and to maintain the temperature also for a relatively short time, perhaps of the order ofa minute or two.
- the discharge from the ejector may be at atmospheric pressure or alternatively it may be at a higher pressure. In the latter case the exhaust pressure may be employed to perform a useful function, for example to blow off the protective nose cone, shutter or other cover sometimes employed to protect an infrared seeking device from the effects of weather prior to launch.
- the cooler includes an annular heat exchanger comprising a tubular body 10 around which is helically wound a finned inlet tube 11.
- the external wall of the heat exchanger is afforded by the inner wall 14 of a Dewar flask 15, located round the finned coil 11, and the space between the body 10 and the wall 14 provides a path for exhaust gas flowing past the fins to cool the incoming high-pressure refrigerant within the tube 1 l.
- the cold end of the external tube 14 is closed to form a reservoir 18 in which the liquid refrigerant can accumulate and which is in heat-exchange relationship with a load 16, such as a radiation detector.
- the upper end of the helical finned tube 1 l communicates with a central bore 20 near the warm end of the body to which working fluid under pressure is supplied through a lateral supply pipe 27.
- the helical heat-exchanger tube 11 communicates with an expansion nozzle 12.
- the cooler is provided with an ejector unit 25 having an ejector nozzle 26 connected to the bore 20, a suction inlet 28 connected to the gas outlet 29 from the cooler, and an exhaust 30 to atmosphere connected to a diffuser 31.
- cooler may be as in any of the embodiments described in the specifications referred to above, in many of which the expansion orifice forms a seating for an automatic regulating valve.
- Cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, including means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for producing a suction comprise an ejector.
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the ejector is an expansion nozzle for producing an exhaust at superatmospheric pressure.
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising a heat exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
In a Joule Thomson high-speed cooler, refrigerant from a supply in the form of gas under pressure flows through one path of a heat exchanger, and after expansion through a nozzle returns through the other path to a gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas. In addition gaseous refrigerant is bypassed from the supply to an ejector serving to induce a suction at the gas outlet.
Description
United States Patent [151 3,645,l 13 Nicholds Feb. 29, 1972 [54] COOLING APPARTUS OF THE JOULE 3,364,697 1/1968 Garrett ..62/514 THOMSON TYPE 3,517,525 6/1970 Campbell ..62/514 [72] Inventor: Kenneth E. Nicholds, Redditch, England Primary Emminer Mcyer Peru" [73] Assignee: The Hymatic Engineerng Company Attorney-WatsonColmcrindle & Watson limited, Redditch,England e [22] Filed: Feb. 16, 1970 T ACT [21] A LN 11,432 In a Joule Thomson high-speed cooler, refrigerant from a supply in the form of gas under pressure flows through one path of a heat exchanger, and after expansion through a nozzle [52] US. Cl returns through the other path to a gas outlet cooling the [51] E i 62/5/14 coming gas. In addition gaseous refrigerant is bypassed from [58] he d o Searc the supply to an ejector serving to induce a suction at the gas [56] References Cited gf i i -m w lm W mom-.. is,
UNITED STATES PATENTS 4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 3,314,473 4/1967 7, VF R PP-wr11'?"2:111 32:r-vzfi lili.
29 75 W l i 71 74 30 L OOGOOOQ @QQGQ 37 n 76 18 oooooooooooo COOLING APPARTUS OF THE JOULE THOMSON TYPE This invention relates to cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, so as to produce a supply of liquefied fluid in a container.
It will be appreciated that the term nozzle is used herein to cover any conventional or preferred static device permitting expansion of gas, whether it be a plain orifice, a specially shaped nozzle, or a number of orifices whether alone or as sociated with a porous plug or membrane.
According to the present invention the apparatus includes means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator. The means for producing a suction conveniently comprise an ejector.
The apparatus may comprise a heat-exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
The invention is particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with small high-speed coolers which are intended on each operation (or on their only operation) to produce low temperature, possibly of the order of that of liquid air, within quite a short time, for example, a few seconds, and to maintain the temperature also for a relatively short time, perhaps of the order ofa minute or two.
In such coolers the size of the expansion nozzle is frequently increased, as compared with what would be employed for a continuously operating cooler, in order to increase the mass flow rate. This, however, is liable, especially in the case of a cooler of very small size, to increase the back pressure by something of the order of one atmosphere. Using nitrogen, for example, as refrigerant this may raise the boiling point by per haps C. or more. The arrangement in accordance with the invention, by reducing the outlet pressure of the cooler, not only lowers the boiling point of the nitrogen but also increases the flow through the cooler. This is achieved without any increase in the size or weight of the cooler although naturally at the expense of some addition to the amount of compressed gas required.
The discharge from the ejector may be at atmospheric pressure or alternatively it may be at a higher pressure. In the latter case the exhaust pressure may be employed to perform a useful function, for example to blow off the protective nose cone, shutter or other cover sometimes employed to protect an infrared seeking device from the effects of weather prior to launch.
A specific embodiment of the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing amen which is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a cooler incorporating an ejector unit.
The cooler includes an annular heat exchanger comprising a tubular body 10 around which is helically wound a finned inlet tube 11. The external wall of the heat exchanger is afforded by the inner wall 14 of a Dewar flask 15, located round the finned coil 11, and the space between the body 10 and the wall 14 provides a path for exhaust gas flowing past the fins to cool the incoming high-pressure refrigerant within the tube 1 l. The cold end of the external tube 14 is closed to form a reservoir 18 in which the liquid refrigerant can accumulate and which is in heat-exchange relationship with a load 16, such as a radiation detector. The upper end of the helical finned tube 1 l communicates with a central bore 20 near the warm end of the body to which working fluid under pressure is supplied through a lateral supply pipe 27.
At its cold end the helical heat-exchanger tube 11 communicates with an expansion nozzle 12.
The cooler is provided with an ejector unit 25 having an ejector nozzle 26 connected to the bore 20, a suction inlet 28 connected to the gas outlet 29 from the cooler, and an exhaust 30 to atmosphere connected to a diffuser 31.
Thus, when the gas 15 turned on, a portion of it will flow through the cooler in the usual manner while a further portion will flow through the nozzle 26 of the ejector unit 25 to produce a suction at the outlet 29 of the cooler. In other respects the operation of the cooler is similar to those described in the prior specifications referred to above.
It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the details of the embodiment specifically described. Thus the cooler may be as in any of the embodiments described in the specifications referred to above, in many of which the expansion orifice forms a seating for an automatic regulating valve.
What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, including means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for producing a suction comprise an ejector.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the ejector is an expansion nozzle for producing an exhaust at superatmospheric pressure.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising a heat exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
UNITED STATES PATENT oEETCE QERTWICATE UF (IQRREUHQN Patent No. 3 .645 ll3 Dated February 29, 1972 Inv nt s KENNETH E. NICHOLDS It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
In the heading of the patent insert:
"'Claims priority application Great Britain February 17 1969, 8468/69.
Signed and sealed this Zhth day of October 1972..
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM PC4050 (m'ss) USCOMM-DC suave-ps9 Q U.S, GOVERNMENT PRlNTlNG OFFICE I559 0-356-334,
Claims (4)
1. Cooling apparatus of the Joule Thomson type in which cooling is produced by expansion, through a nozzle, of a working fluid from a supply in the form of gas under pressure, which before expansion is at a temperature below its inversion temperature, including means for bypassing gaseous refrigerant from the supply and utilizing the energy of such refrigerant to induce a suction at the gas outlet of the refrigerator.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for producing a suction comprise an ejector.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the ejector is an expansion nozzle for producing an exhaust at superatmospheric pressure.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising a heat exchanger comprising two paths in one of which gas from the supply travels to the expansion nozzle being progressively cooled, while in the other gas expanded through the nozzle returns to the gas outlet, cooling the incoming gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB846869 | 1969-02-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3645113A true US3645113A (en) | 1972-02-29 |
Family
ID=9853042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11432A Expired - Lifetime US3645113A (en) | 1969-02-17 | 1970-02-16 | Cooling appartus of the joule thomson type |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3645113A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2007182A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2035522A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1297516A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3782129A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-01-01 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Proportionate flow cryostat |
| US3807188A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-04-30 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Thermal coupling device for cryogenic refrigeration |
| CN106369892A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-01 | 昆明物理研究所 | Counterflow pressure stabilizing structure applied to miniature throttling refrigerator |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2133868B (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1986-06-11 | British Aerospace | Cooling apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3314473A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1967-04-18 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Crystal growth control in heat exchangers |
| US3364697A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1968-01-23 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Gas liquefier |
| US3517525A (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1970-06-30 | Hymatic Eng Co Ltd | Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect |
-
1969
- 1969-02-17 GB GB846869A patent/GB1297516A/en not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-02-16 US US11432A patent/US3645113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-02-17 DE DE19702007182 patent/DE2007182A1/en active Pending
- 1970-02-17 FR FR7005584A patent/FR2035522A5/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3314473A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1967-04-18 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Crystal growth control in heat exchangers |
| US3364697A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1968-01-23 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Gas liquefier |
| US3517525A (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1970-06-30 | Hymatic Eng Co Ltd | Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3782129A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-01-01 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Proportionate flow cryostat |
| US3807188A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-04-30 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Thermal coupling device for cryogenic refrigeration |
| CN106369892A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-01 | 昆明物理研究所 | Counterflow pressure stabilizing structure applied to miniature throttling refrigerator |
| CN106369892B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-06-14 | 昆明物理研究所 | A kind of reflux structure of voltage regulation applied to micro-miniature refrigerator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1297516A (en) | 1972-11-22 |
| DE2007182A1 (en) | 1970-09-10 |
| FR2035522A5 (en) | 1970-12-18 |
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