Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
  • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
  • C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/02—Processes in which the treating agent is releasably affixed or incorporated into a dispensing means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
  • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
  • Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31808—Cellulosic is paper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2352—Coating or impregnation functions to soften the feel of or improve the "hand" of the fabric

Definitions

• Fabric-softening compositions useful for softening textile fabrics in a standard, automatic, clothes dryer, as well as in the rinse cycle of an automatic washer, consist essentially of a substrate having a substrate coating, which consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy, cationic or nonionic material, and having a substantially solid outer coating comprising from 30 percent to 100 percent by weight of a fabric softener, wherein at least one of the coatings has a melting point equal to or less than about 170 F.
• the invention herein relates generally to the softening of fabrics in an automatic, rotary drum, clothes dryer and to compositions employed to achieve softening therein.
• the invention herein represents a significant improvement over
• the invention herein represents a significant improvement over other dryer-added fabric-softening compositions of the type disclosed in a pending application by David Russell Morton, entitled Textile Fabric Softeners lmpregnated into Absorbent Substrates, Ser. No. 788,l02,filed Dec. 30, 1968 and in a pending application by Howard W. Krueger, Jr., entitled Fabric Softening Compositions," Ser. No. 788,l03,filed Dec. 30, 1968, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Static cling is, generally, the phenomenon of a fabric adhering to another object or to parts of itself as a result of static electrical charges located on the surface of the fabric. It can also involve the adherence of lint, dust, and other undesired substances to the fabric due to these static charges. It is noticeably present in unsoftened fabrics that are freshly washed and dried in an automatic dryer. By softening and reducing the static cling of a fabric, it is more comfortable when worn. Such treated fabrics additionally are easier to iron, and have fewer hard-to-iron wrinkles.
• fabric softeners are used in the rinse cycle of an automatic clothes washer, and liquid, powder, tablet, and granular formulations are known for such use.
• composition which can be used as a detergent to cleanse articles made of wood (furniture), plastic and the like.
• a fabric-softening composition consisting essentially of a substrate; a waxy, substantially solid, cationic or nonionic substrate coating; and a solid or substantially solid outer coating which comprises a fabric softener.
• Efficient fabric softener release is achieved in the compositions of this invention because the substrate coating provides a releasing" force and/or prevents entrapment of the fabric softener (of the outer coating) within the structure of the substrate.
• the fabric-softening compositions herein while effective when used to soften fabrics in rinse water, particularly in the rinse cycle of an automatic clothes washer, find particular application in effectively softening fabrics in a standard, automatic, clothes dryer.
• fabrics in the dryer contact the compositions of this invention by means of the spinning or tumbling action of the dryers rotary drum, fabric softening occurs as the outer coating is transferred from the substrate to the fabrics.
• the fabric-softening compositions herein are made up into tubular rolls or into individual sheets.
• a desired length of the fabric-softening composition is torn off the roll or a sheet removed from its package and placed into the clothes dryer wherein the fabrics to be treated have been loaded, the dryer is then operated in customary fashion.
• the fabric-softening composition can be formulated for use in a washer by using, e.g., a conventional cationic softener for the substrate coating.
• a sheet of such a composition is removed from its package or desired length torn off its roll and placed into the rinse water, e.g., in thc rinse water of the final rinse cycle, both the substrate and outer coatings disperse into the rinse water and are then absorbed by the fabrics.
• the invention herein relates to a fabric-softening composition consisting essentially of: (a) a substrate; (b) a substantially solid, waxy substrate (inner) coating, which consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy, cationic or nonionic material; and, (c) a solid or substantially solid outer coating, which comprises from about 30 percent to percent by weight of the outer coating of a fabric softener.
• the fabric softener is a compound or an admixture of two or more compounds having a different composition than the substrate coating (that is, when the substrate coating consists essentially of a nonionic material, the outer coating is some material other than the same nonionic material, and, when the substrate coating consists essentially of a cationic material, the outer coating is some material other than the same cationic material).
• the substrate coating or the outer coating (or both) has a melting point equal to or less than about F.; that is, at least one of the coatings has a melting point of no more than about l70 F.
• the weight ratio of the substrate to the total sum of the inner and outer coatings ranges from 2:1 to 1:10.
• the coated substrate in the instant composition is a vehicle for the fabric softener in the outer coating to effect an efficient use of the softener.
• the substrate coating serves (a) to prevent or reduce entrapment of fabric softener in any open structure that the substrate may have, including the open structure of any fibers present in the substrate, and/or (b) to improve the releasability of the fabric softener in the outer coating by liquifying during dryer usage.
• the substrates employed herein are solid or substantially solid materials. They can be dense or open in structure, preferably the latter. Examples of suitable materials which can be used as a substrate herein include, among others, paper, woven cloth, and nonwoven cloth.
• the term cloth herein means a woven or nonwoven fabric or cloth used as a substrate, in order to distinguish said components from the term fabric which means the textile fabric which is desired to be softened. Absorbent capacity, thickness, or fiber density are not limitations on the substrates which can be used herein.
• the substrates employed herein are paper or nonwoven cloth.
• Paper substrates which can be employed herein encompass the broad spectrum of known paper structures and are not limited to any specific papermaking fiber or woodpulp; thus, the fibers can be derived from softwoods, hardwoods or annual plants (e.g., bagasse, cereal straw, and the like), and woodpulps, such as bleached or unbleached kraft, sulfite, soda groundwood, or mixtures thereof, can be used.
• the paper substrates which can be employed herein are not limited to a specific type of paper; thus, tissue paper, toweling paper, toilet paper, wrapping paper, writing paper, newsprint, etc., can be used.
• paper substrates preferred herein include a one-ply paper having a basis weight of about 32 pounds per 3,000 square feet made from, for example, a mixture of groundwood and kraft bleached woodpulps.
• Another example is the absorbent, multi-ply, toweling paper particularly preferred in the above-referenced Morton application and disclosed in Wells, US. Pat. No. 3,414,459, said patent being incorporated hereinto by reference.
• the preferred nonwoven cloth substrates used in the invention herein can generally be defined as adhesively bonded fibrous products, having a web or corded fiber structure (where the fiber strength is suitable to allow carding) or comprising fibrous mats, in which the fibers are distributed haphazardly or in random array, (i.e., an array of fibers in a carded web wherein partial orientation of the fibers is frequently present as well as a completely haphazard distributional orientation) or substantially aligned.
• the fibers can be natural (e.g., wool, silk, jute, hemp, cotton, linen, sisal, or ramie) or synthetic (e.g., rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl derivatives, polyolefins, polyamides, or polyesters). Any diameter or denier of the fiber (generally up to about denier) can be used.
• nonwoven cloth suitable for use herein are not a part of this invention, and, being well known in the art, are not described in detail herein.
• such cloths are made by dry- (e.g., air-) or water-laying processes in which the fibers are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed into a water or airstream, and then deposited onto a screen, through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The deposited fibers are then adhesively bonded together, dried, cured, and otherwise treated as desired to form the nonwoven cloth.
• Nonwoven cloth made of polyesters, polyamides, vinyl resins and other thermoplastic fibers can be spun bonded, i.e., the fibers are spun out onto a flat surface and bonded (melted) together by heat or by chemical reactions.
• the binder-resins used in the manufacture of nonwoven cloths can provide substrates possessing a variety of desirable traits.
• a hydrophobic binder-resin when used singly or as the predominant compound of a hydrophobichydrophilic binder-resin mixture, provides a nonwoven cloth which is especially useful as a substrate when the fabricsoftening compositions herein are used in the rinse cycle of an automatic washer.
• a hydrophilic binder-resin and a water-dissolvable fiber can be employed to make a nonwoven cloth substrate which dissolves when a fabric-softening composition employing the substrate is used in the rinse water of an automatic washer.
• the substrate of the fabric-softening compositions herein is a nonwoven cloth made from fibers deposited haphazardly or in random array on the screen, the compositions exhibit excellent strength in all directions and are not prone to tear or separate when used in the washer or the dryer.
• the nonwoven cloth is water laid or dry laid and is made from cellulosic fibers, particularly from regenerated cellulose or rayon, which are lubricated with a standard textile lubricant.
• the fibers are from about three-sixtecnth inch to about 2 inches in length and are from about 1.5 to about 5 denier.
• the fibers are at least partially oriented haphazardly, particularly substantially haphazardly, and are adhesively bonded together with a hydrophobic or substantially hydrophobic binder-resin, particularly with a nonionic self-cross-linking acrylic polymer or polymers.
• the cloth comprises about percent fiber and about 30 percent binder-resin polymer by weight and has a basis weight of from about l8 to about 30 grams per square yard.
• the substrates which are used in the fabric-softening compositions herein, can take a variety of forms.
• the substrate can be in the shape of a ball or puff, or it can be a sheet or swatch of woven or nonwoven cloth.
• the substrate is paper or nonwoven cloth, individual sheets of desired length and width can be used, or a continuous roll of desired width from which a measured length is torn off can be employed.
• the substrates usable herein can be dense," or they can be open and have a high amount of free space.”
• Free space also called void volume
• void volume means that space within a substrate structure that is unoccupied.
• certain absorbent, multi-ply paper structures comprise plies embossed with protuberances, the ends of which are mated and joined; this paper structure has free space between the unembossed portions of the plies, as well as between the fibers of the paper plies themselves.
• a nonwoven cloth also has such space among its fibers.
• the free space of a substrate can be varied by modifying the density of the fibers of the substrate. Substrates with a high amount of free space generally have low fiber density; substrates having high fiber density (i.e., dense" substrates) generally have a low amount of free space.
• the amount of free space of a material is not essential to its employment as a substrate herein; however, the amount of free space in the substrate structure does affect the amount of the substrate coating applied to the substrate to achieve a desired coating effect, as described hereinafter.
• An essential component of the fabric-softening compositions herein is the substantially solid, waxy, substrate coating, which consists essentially of substantially solid, waxy, nonionic or cationic material, preferably having a melting point of at least about F.
• melting point also designated m.p.”
• melting point means the point below which the substrate coating is substantially solid.
• the substrate coating improves the release efficiency of the fabric softener in the outer coating by one or both of two mechanisms: (1) the substrate coating prevents entrapment of the fabric softener in the outer coating within any free space in the substrate (including absorption of the fabric softener in the outer coating into any fibers of the substrate), and/or (2) the substrate coating promotes the release of the softener-containing outer coating during usage.
• the temperature in an electric dryer ranges from about 75 F. (room temperature) at startup to about l50-l 60 F. at the end of the drying cycle; gas dryers reach even higher temperatures, e.g., about F. Many fabric softeners do not melt or liquify within the temperature range of a gas or electric dryer.
• the outer softener-containing coating can be prevented from adhering to or being retained by any substrate fibers and from occupying and being retained in any free space of the substrate.
• the coating is provided by treating the substrate with a substantially solid, waxy cationic or nonionic material.
• the substrate coating can have a melting point as high as desired, generally up to about 200 F. for practicality.
• the substrate coating has a melting point above the range of the automatic dryer (i.e., above about 170 F.)
• the substantially solid outer coating then have a melting point lower than the maximum temperature of the dryer (e.g., equal to or less than about 170 F.) to obtain satisfactory fabric softening.
• the inner coating has a melting point of at least about 75 F. and most preferably within the range from about 75 to about 170 F.
• a releasing force promoting the release of the outer coating
• the substrate coating has a melting point within the temperature range of an automatic dryer.
• the liquified substrate coating releases.the adjacent outer coating, and, as the fabrics in the dryer contact the fabric-softening composition, the outer coating (containing the fabric softener) is absorbed by the fabrics.
• the substrate coating has a melting point within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F the solid or substantially solid outer coating can have a melting point as high as desired, generally up to about 200 F. for practical purposes.
• fabric staining can effectively be controlled by the use of the substrate coating in the fabric-softening compositions herein.
• certain fabric softeners e.g., certain cationic quaternary ammonium compounds
• known in the art to be superior fabric softeners when used during the rinse cycle of an automatic washer can cause some fabric staining when a sufiicient amount of said fabric softeners comes in direct contact with the fabrics in an automatic dryer.
• Other fabric softeners do not cause fabric staining, but have high melting points (e.g., 180 F. or above); such higher melting fabric softeners require mixture with a volatile solvent in order to effect efficient release from substrates which do not contain a substrate coating.
• nonstaining fabric softener By utilizing a substrate coating having a melting point within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F a high-melting, nonstaining fabric softener can be employed in the outer coating of the instant composition and is aided in its release by the liquification of the inner coating in the dryer.
• the selection of the fabric softener used in the outer coating is not limited to one that has a melting point within the range of an automatic dryer; rather, the fabric softener can be selected on the basis of minimizing fabric staining, as well as on other factors, e.g., germicidal or antistatic properties, or cost considerations.
• C20?2 HAPS 3-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-l-sulfonate, wherein the alkyl is a mixture of alkyls having from to 22 carbon atoms
• C20?2 HAPS is a fabric softener which is known to exhibit superior fabric softening when used in aqueous systems; moreover, this compound additionally does not cause fabric staining even when used in dryer-added fabric-softening compositions in high amounts.
• C2012 HAPS can be efficiently used as a fabric softener employed in the outer coating. In a subsequent washing of the treated fabric, the C2012 HAPS can act as a detergent.
• substrate coating means the substantially solid, waxy, nonionic or cationic material applied to the substrate in an amount such that, at
• any fibers of the substrate are substantially completely coated therewith and, at most, the fibers of the substrate are completely coated and any free space of the substrate is completely filled, thereby achieving a substrate having a film of the nonionic or cationic material on the external surface of the substrate.
• the nonionic or cationic material is applied to the substrate in an amount to substantially completely coat any fibers of the substrate and to substantially completely fill any of the substrates free space.
• At least one of the coatings has a melting point equal to or less than about 170 F.; when one of the coatings has a melting point equal to or less than about 170 F., the other coating is limited only in that it should be solid or substantially solid.
• the substrate coating has a melting point within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F., thereby broadening the selection of a fabric softener employed in the outer coating.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention herein comprises a substrate coating, having a melting point within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F., and a solid or substantially solid outer coating.
• Another preferred embodiment comprises a substrate coating and an outer coating having melting points within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F.
• compositions herein comprise substrate and outer coatings having melting points of at least about F. to achieve fabric-softening compositions which are solid or substantially solid during seasonal temperatures and storage.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention herein comprises a substrate coating having a melting point within the range of from about 100 to about 170 F. and a solid or substantially solid outer coating having a melting point of at least about 100 F.
• Another particularly preferred embodiment comprises substrate and outer coatings having melting points within the range of from about 100 to about 170 F.
• compositions herein begin to effect fabric softening early in the drying cycle (from 3 to 5 minutes after startup).
• a most particularly preferred embodiment of the invention herein comprises a substrate coating having a melting point within the range of from about 100 to about F
• another most particularly preferred embodiment comprises a substrate coating having a melting point within the range of from about 100 to about 140 F. and an outer coating having a melting point of at least about 100 F., preferably within the range of about 100 to about 170 F particularly from about 100 to about 140 F.
• the above-preferred embodiments utilize a substrate coating having a melting point within the range of an automatic dryer.
• the substrate coating can have a melting point above about 170 F., and in such a case, it is essential that the outer coating have a melting point equal to or less than about 170 F preferably within the range of from about 75 to about 170 F., particularly from about 100 to about 170 F and most particularly from about 100 to about 140 F.
• the substrate coating consists essentially of substantially solid, waxy, nonionic or cationic materials, preferably nonionic.
• suitable nonionic materials for use as the substrate (inner) coating in the fabric-softening compositions herein are given in example 1X.
• nonionic materials are the condensation produces of 1 mole of tallow alcohol with from 10 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide (m.p. from about 100 to about F.), most particularly with 20 and 30 moles of ethylene oxide (hereinafter designated, respectively, TAE and TAE
• tallow as used herein means an alkyl containing from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
• nonionic materials herein include polymers of polyethylene glycol having average molecu- Trade name m.p. (about) Carbowax 1000 Carbowax 1500 Carbowax I540 Carbowax 4000 Carbowax 6000
• nonionic materials can be selected from the group consisting of:
• condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 10 to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide;
• condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms with from about to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide;
• aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms
• glycerides selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and mixtures thereof;
• g. amides selected from the group consisting of:
• N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms
• N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms
• the substrate coating contains no volatile solvents; many of the nonionic materials are prepared or formulated without such solvents and, therefore, are particularly useful in this respect.
• Cationic materials e.g., ditallowdimethyl ammonium chloride
• IX Specific examples of ca- 5 tionic materials, useful in formulating the substrate coatings herein, are given in example IX.
• the fabric-softening compositions herein additionally comprise a third component, which is a substantially solid outer coating comprising from to 100 percent by weight of a fabric softener.
• a fabric softener as used herein, means either a single fabric softener or an admixture of two or more compatible fabric softeners.
• the balance can comprise other fabric-finishing additives (e.g., antistatic agents, flame retardants, brighteners, fungicides, perfume, etc.), solvents (e.g., isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures, methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc), or plasticizers e.g., chlorinated methyl esters, epoxides, or ethoxides, and the like).
• the outer coating comprises the fabric softener and other compatible fabric-finishing additives, solvent, etc., if any.
• the substrate coating the outer coating is, at least, substantially in contact with the substrate coating as opposed to the substrate, and, at most, the outer coating is completely in contact only with said substrate (inner) coating.
• the melting point of the outer coating is affected by the melting point of the fabric softener employed therein, and, when the outer coating comprises 100 percent by weight fabric softener, it is the same as the melting point of the fabric softener.
• the substrate coating employed in a composition herein has a melting point above about F it is essential that the outer coating then have a melting point equal to or less than about 170 F.; additionally, it may be desirable to employ an outer coating having a melting point below about 170 F. to achieve the preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above.
• Fabric softeners having melting points above about 170 F. can be utilized in the outer coating, alone or with melting point depressors, e.g., solvents and/or plasticizers. From 10 percent to 300 percent by weight of the high-melting fabric softener of a volatile solvent (e.g., isopropyl alcohol or an isopropyl alcohol-water mixture) can be employed to obtain a substantially solid fabric-softening composition wherein the outer coating has a melting point under 170 F.
• a volatile solvent e.g., isopropyl alcohol or an isopropyl alcohol-water mixture
• the fabric softeners as more particularly described hereinafter, used in the outer coatings of fabric-softening compositions herein, can be selected from the following broadly denoted classes of compounds which contain at least one long chain group:
• nonionic compounds such as tertiary phosphine oxides, tertiary amine oxides, ethoxylated alcohols and alkyl phenols, and ethoxylated amines;
• anionic soaps, sulfates and sulfonates for example, fatty acid soaps, ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, sodium alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, and sodium or potassium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates;
• Particularly preferred fabric softeners herein are the cationic quaternary ammonium salts which have the general formula wherein X is an anion, preferably a halide and more particularly, a chloride ion. Suitable other anions can include acetate, phosphate, nitrite, and methyl sulfate radicals, Additionally, in the above formula, R and R, represent benzyl or an alkyl radical (hereinafter referred to simply as alkyl") containing from one to three carbon atoms, R represents benzyl, or an alkyl containing from one to 20 carbon atoms, or alkoxypropyl or hydroxy-substituted alkoxypropyl radicals (hereinafter referred to simply as alkoxy”) wherein the alkoxy contains from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and R represents an alkyl containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the carbon chains of R and R whenever R represents a chain of from 12 to 20 carbon atoms can be straight
• the most preferred cationic fabric softeners are dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride wherein the alkyl contains from 12 to 20 carbon atoms and are derived from long chain fatty acids, especially from hydrogenated tallow.
• the term tallowalkoxy used herein, means an alkyl ether radical wherein the alkyl essentially contains from l6 to 18 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the particularly preferred cationic fabric softeners are given in example IX hereinafter.
• cationic fabric softeners of formula (1) include variables wherein R and R can also represent a phenyl radical or a hydroxy substituted alkyl of from one to three carbon atoms.
• Cationic quaternary imidazolinium compounds are also preferred as fabric softeners in the compositions herein. These compounds conform to the formula:
• R is an alkyl containing from one to four, preferably from one to two, carbon atoms
• R is an alkyl containing from one to four carbon atoms or a hydrogen radical
• R is an alkyl containing from eight to 25, preferably at least 15, carbon atoms
• R is hydrogen or an alkyl containing from eight to 25, preferably at least 15, carbon atoms
• X is an anion, preferably methyl sulfate or chloride ions.
• Other suitable anions include those disclosed with reference to the cationic fabric softeners of formula (l). Particularly preferred are those compounds of formula (2) in which both R and R are alkyls of from 16 to 25, especially 16 to 18 and 20 to 22, carbon atoms.
• cationic quaternary ammonium fabric softeners which are useful herein, are known; for example, alkyl [C to C ]-pyridinium chlorides, alkyl [C to C ]-alkyl [C to C ]-morpholinium chlorides, and quaternary derivatives of amino acids and amino esters.
• R and R are each methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl
• R is a to -carbon-atom alkyl or alkenyl radical (hereinafter referred to simply as alkyl") and wherein said alkyl or alkenyl contains from zero to two hydroxyl substituents, from zero to five ether linkages, and from zero to one amide linkage, and R is an alkylene group containing from one to four carbon atoms with from zero to one hydroxyl substituents;
• R is a carbon chain containing from 20 to 26 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyls and alkenyls and wherein said alkyls and alkenyls contain zero to two hydroxyl substituents. Specific examples of the particularly preferred compounds of this class are given in example IX hereinafter.
• Zwitterionic compounds useful as fabric softeners in the compositions herein include Zwittcrionic synthetic detergents as represented by derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds wherein one of the four aliphatic groups has about eight to 20 carbon atoms (particularly 16 to 18 carbon atoms), another contains a water-solubilizing group (e.g., carboxy, sulfate or sulfo groups).
• Each aliphatic group can be either straight chain or branched chain, preferably straight.
• a more detailed disclosure of these com pounds can be found in U.S. Pat No. 3,213,030, (Francis Diehl) issued Oct. 19, 1965, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
• Nonionic tertiary phosphine oxide compounds are also preferred fabric softeners for use in the novel fabric-softening compositions herein. These compounds have the generic for mula wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl having a chain length of from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, and wherein R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl containing from one to four carbon atoms; particularly preferred are tertiary phosphine oxides in which R is alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl having a chain length of from 20 to 26 carbon atoms, and wherein R and R are each methyl, ethyl, or hydroxyethyl groups.
• the C to C nonionic tertiary phosphine oxides are disclosed more particularly in the aforementioned McCarty application, wherein methods of preparing these compounds are also given.
• nonionic tertiary phosphine oxides useful herein include the nonionic synthetic detergents having the same formula as that of formula (4) above wherein R, is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl or from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl of from one to three carbon atoms.
• R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl or from 10 to 20 carbon atoms
• R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl of from one to three carbon atoms.
• the C to C tertiary phosphine oxides are more particularly described in the aforementioned Diehl patent.
• Nonionic tertiary amine oxides are also useful as fabric softeners and can be utilized in the compositions of the present invention. These nonionic compounds have the formula:
• R represents a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl containing from 20 to 30 carbon atoms and from zero to two hydroxyl substituents, from zero to five ether linkages, there being at least one moiety of at least 20 carbon atoms containing no ether linkages, and zero to one amide linkage, and wherein R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from one to four carbon atoms and wherein R and R can be joined to form a heterocyclic group containing from four to six carbon atoms; particularly preferred are those wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl containing 20 to 26 carbon atoms and wherein R and R are each methyl, ethyl, or hydroxyethyl groups.
• tertiary amine oxides of this class and methods of their preparation are also disclosed more particularly in the aforementioned McCarty application.
• tertiary amine oxides useful herein include compounds corresponding to formula (5) above wherein R, is an alkyl of eight to 20, particularly 16 to 18, carbon atoms, and R and R are methyl or ethyl radicals, the C to C nonionic tertiary amine oxides are disclosed in more detail in the above-referenced Diehl patent.
• Nonionic ethoxylated alcohol compounds are also useful as fabric softeners and are preferred in the fabric-softening compositions herein. These compounds have the generic formula:
• R represents an alkyl of from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, and X is an integer of from 3 to 45.
• the particularly preferred ethoxylated alcohol compounds of this class are the condensation products of reacting from 3 moles to 45 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of eicosyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, tricosyl alcohol, tetracosyl alcohol, pentacosyl alcohol, or hexacosyl alcohol.
• Specific examples of the particularly preferred ethoxylated alcohols are given in example lX hereinafter.
• Other preferred ethoxylated alcohols are the condensation products of from 3 moles to 45 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, or triacontyl alcohols. Specific examples are listed in example IX.
• nonionic synthetic detergents as represented by the polyethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols containing from eight to 20 carbon atoms and alkylphenols wherein the alkyl contains from eight to 20 carbon atoms.
• Particularly preferred are the condensation products of 1 mole of tallow alcohol with 20 moles and with 30 moles of ethylene oxide.
• the Diehl patent discloses these compounds in more detail.
• ethoxylated amines of the general formula wherein Y is an ethoxylated group of the type (C H O) H, wherein X is an integer of from 1 to 50, wherein R is hydrogen, Y, or an alkyl having from one to about four carbon atoms, and wherein R is an alkyl having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms.
• fabric softeners are anionic ethoxylated alcohol sulfates and anionic sulfonates.
• the preferred ethoxylated alcohol sulfates have the generic formula R
• the particularly preferred anionic ethoxylated alcohol sulfate fabric softeners are the sodium and potassium salts or the monoethanol, diethanol, or triethanol ammonium salts of the sulfated condensation product of from 1 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of eicosyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, tricosyl alcohol, tetracosyl alcohol, pentacosyl alcohol, or hexacosyl alcohol.
• Specific examples of these particularly preferred anionic softening compounds are given in example IX.
• anionic ethoxylated sulfate compounds are the sodium or potassium salts or monoethanol, diethanol, or triethanol ammonium cations of the sulfated condensation products of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of heptcosyl alcohol, octacosyl alcohol, nonacosyl alcohol, and triacontyl alcohol.
• Anionic synthetic detergents as represented by alkyl sulfates of the formula (8) R -OSO M wherein M is an alkali metal and R is an alkyl of from eight to 20 carbon atoms are useful as fabric softeners herein. These compounds are disclosed in detail in the above-referenced Diehl patent.
• the preferred anionic sulfonates have the general formula wherein M is an alkali metal or a substituted ammonium cation. and R is an alkyl containing from 20 to 30 carbon atoms.
• the particularly preferred anionic sulfonates are those in which R is an alkyl containing from 20 to 26 carbon atoms. Examples of the particularly preferred compounds are given in example IX.
• anionic ethoxylated alcohol sulfates and the anionic sulfonates mentioned above can be prepared by the method disclosed in the aforementioned McCarty application, wherein said compounds are more particularly disclosed.
• anionic sulfonates useful as fabric softeners herein are the synthetic detergents as represented by, among others, sodium or potassium alkylbenzenesulfonates and sodium alkylglycerylethersulfonates having the configuration of formula (9) above, wherein R is an alkylbenzene of alkylglycerylether with the alkyl containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. These compounds are more particularly described in the above-mentioned Diehl patent.
• Anionic soaps i.e., the sodium salts of long chain fatty acids, such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and arachiodonic acids, can also be used as the fabric softener in the compositions herein, and many such compounds are known in the art.
• long chain fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and arachiodonic acids
• guanidines and guanidine salts are useful fabric softeners; betaines and substituted betaines are similarly useful fabric softeners.
• the admixture of one or more fabric softeners of one class with one or more compatible fabric softeners of another class can be used in the compositions herein; when such admixtures are used herein, the amount of fabric softener of any one class can range from 1 percent to 99 percent, as desired, by weight of the admixture. Examples of admixtures suitable for use herein are given in example IX.
• the fabric softener used in the outer coating is a compound or an admixture of compounds having a different composition than that of the substrate coating. That is, when the substrate coating consists essentially of a nonionic material, the outer coating can contain a single fabric softener which is one other than the nonionic material of the substrate coating, or it can contain an admixture of two or more compatible fabric softeners, which admixture can include the nonionic material of the substrate coating; further, when the substrate coating consists essentially of a cationic material, the outer coating can contain a single fabric softener which is other than the cationic material of the substrate coating, or it can contain an admixture of two or more compatible fabric softeners, which admixture can include a cationic material of the substrate coating.
• fabric-finishing additives can also be used in combination with the fabric softeners herein. Although not essential to the invention herein, certain of these additives are particularly desirable and useful, e.g., perfumes, brightening agents, shrinkage controllers, antistatic agents, and spotting agents. Other additives can include anticreasing agents, soilreleasing agents, fumigants, lubricants, fungicides, and sizing agents. Specific examples of possible additives disclosed herein can be found in any current Year Book of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Any additive used should be compatible with the fabric softener.
• the amounts of many fabric-finishing additives e.g., perfume and brighteners
• fabric-finishing additives e.g., perfume and brighteners
• Other additives e.g., antistatic agents, anticreasing agents, sizing agents, and soil releasants
• the fabric-softening compositions herein comprise a coated substrate having an outer coating. Treatment of the substrate can be done in any convenient manner and many methods are known in the art.
• the substrate coating is applied to the substrate by a method generally known as padding; more specifically, a roll of the substrate is unwound and passed through a trough, containing the substrate coating in liquid state and is then passed through squeeze rollers" to remove excess substrate coating. The substrate is then cooled until the substrate coating is substantially solid and is then passed through a series of transfer rolls," the bottom rollers of which sit in a trough which contains the liquified outer coating.
• This method can provide compositions herein having either one or both sides containing an outer coating; preferably, the outer coating is applied to both sides.
• This procedure involves the application of the substrate and outer coatings to the substrate in liquid form; thus, the cationic or nonionic materials used in the substrate coating, and the fabric softener used in the outer coating, which are normally solid or substantially solid at room temperatures, should first be melted and/or solvent treated. Methods of melting and/or solvent treating the substrate or outer coatings are known and can easily be done to provide a satisfactory treated substrate.
• the substrate and outer coatings, in liquid form are placed into separate pans or troughs which can be heated, if necessary, to maintain the coatings in liquid form.
• To the liquefied outer coating is then added any desired fabric-finishing additives.
• the substrate is unrolled and passed, first, through the pan containing the liquefied substrate coating; the substrate is then solidified by cooling and passed through the trough containing the liquefied outer coating.
• the substrate can then be passed through squeeze rollers to remove excess outer coating and provide the substrate with a desired amount of the outer coating per given area of substrate.
• the treated substrate is then cooled to room temperature, after which it can be folded, cut or perforated at uniform lengths, and subsequently packaged and/or used.
• the squeeze rollers and transfer rolls used herein are those in similar use in the paper and papermaking art. They can be made of hard rubber or steel. Preferably, the rollers are adjustable, so that the orifice between their respective surfaces can be regulated to control the amount of both inner and outer coatings applied to the paper.
• the substrate coating in liquid form
• excess substrate coating is then removed by squeeze rollers or by a doctor knife; after solidifying the substrate coating, the outer coating (in liquid form) can then be applied by the same technique.
• compositions herein include the use of metal nip rollers, onto the leading or entering surfaces, on which the liquefied substrate or outer coating is sprayed; this variation additionally involves the use of metal rollers which can be heated to maintain the substrate or outer coating in the liquid phase.
• the substrate in the fabric-softening compositions herein is a multi-ply paper
• a further method is to separately treat the individual plies of the paper with the substrate coating and adhesively join the treated plies with a known adhesive-joiner compound; the outer coating can then be applied to the paper structure.
• the amount of the substrate coating which is used to treat the substrate varies depending upon the substrate. Generally, enough substrate coating is applied to the substrate such that any fibers of the substrate are substantially completely coated; at most, the substrate coating is applied to the substrate in an amount which will completely coat any fibers of the substrate and completely fill any free space of the substrate, whereby a film of the substrate coating along the surfaces of the substrate is achieved.
• Substrate characteristics, which affect the amount of substrate coating to be applied to the substrate are absorbent capacity, thickness, fiber density, and free space.
• the amount of the substrate coating necessary to achieve the desired level of substrate treatment increases or decreases proportionally with an increase or decrease in the absorbent capacity, thickness, and any free space of the substrate; the amount of substrate coating applied to the substrate increases or decreases inversely proportionally with an increase or decrease in any fiber density.
• the substrate coating is applied to the substrate in an amount sufficient to substantially completely coat any fibers of the substrate and to substantially completely fill any free space among the fibers of the substrate; for example, when a nonwoven cloth having a basis weight of 1.5 to 3 grams per 100 square inches is used as a substrate herein, about 2 to 3 grams of the substrate coating per I00 square inches of the substrate are required to achieve the preferred level of substrate treatment.
• the total amount of the substrate and outer coatings applied to the substrate is in the ratio range of 10:1 to 1:2 by weight of the dry substrate.
• the total amount of the coatings is from about 5:] to about 1:1, particularly 4: l, by weight of the substrate.
• the amount of the total substrate and outer coating ranges from about 0.5 grams to about 40 grams per 100 square inches of the substrate, with small amounts of the coatings being used on lightweight substrates, such as nonwoven cloths, and large amounts on heavy substrates, such as heavy paper.
• the substrate is a nonwoven cloth designated Stock A. More particularly, Stock A is a dry-laid, nonwoven cloth comprising about percent regenerated cellulose (American Viscose Corporation) and about 30 percent hydrophobic binder-resins (Rhoplex HA-8 on one side of the cloth, Rhoplex HA-l6 on the other; Rohm & Haas, Inc.).
• the cloth has a thickness of about 4 to 5 mills, a basis weight of about 26 grams per square yard, and weighs about 2 grams per 100 square inches.
• the fibers are about A inch in length, about 1.5 denier and are oriented substantially haphazardly. The fibers were lubricated with sodium oleate.
• Stock B is a water-laid nonwoven cloth which has a basis weight of about 18 grams per square yard.
• the fibers are regenerated cellulose, about 2 inches in length, about 1.5 de nier, and are lubricated with a standard textile lubricant.
• the fibers comprise about 70 percent of the nonwoven cloth by weight.
• the fibers, which are substantially aligned are bound by I-IA-8 as the binder-resin, which comprises about 30 percent by weight of the cloth.
• the cloth weighs about 1.8 grams per 100 square inches.
• the brightening agent employed in example VI was 4,4- bis(4-ani
• the antistatic agent employed in examples I, II, IV, V, VI, and VII is an ethoxylated amine trade-named J-S Antistat;" the antistatic agent employed in example VIII is an ethoxylated amine trade-named Scotch Antistat.
• Adogen 448 is a substantially solid formulation consisting essentially of, in parts by weight, parts cationic fabric softener (ditallowdimethylammonium chloride), 18 parts isopropyl alcohol, and 7 parts water.
• the paper substrate, used in example VII is a high-density one-ply paper having a basis weight of about 32 pounds per 3,000 square feet and being formed from a mixture of groundwood and kraft bleached woodpulps.
• compositions and softening formulations are expressed in parts or percentages by weight unless otherwise noted.
• EXAMPLE I A nonwoven cloth substrate, Stock A, is wrapped about a hollow, tubular cardboard core, and a rod is passed through the core and held so as to allow the substrate to easily unroll.
• a nonionic substrate coating having a melting point of about 1 14 F., is prepared by melting 200 grams of substantially solid, waxy, polymer of ethylene glycol (Carbowax 1,540; m.p. about 1 14 F.) in a container set into a water bath heated to 150 F.
• substantially solid, waxy, polymer of ethylene glycol Carbowax 1,540; m.p. about 1 14 F.
• the substrate coating is applied to the substrate by means of a padding machine.
• This machine Atlas Laboratory Wringer (Model No. LW-391, Type 1 lW1) made by Atlas Electrical Devices Company, Chicago, Illinois, is commercially available and is especially adaptable to small scale use.
• the machine basically comprises two hard rubber rollers mounted so that their surfaces touch (fit flush together). Pressure can be exerted onto the rollers and adjusted by means of weights.
• a troughlike pan under the rollers is so constructed as to pro vide guiding members along its length for feeding or leading the substrate into the rollers.
• the liquefied substrate coating is then placed into the pan, and the pan is heated to about 150 F. to keep the substrate coating in a liquid state.
• the substrate is unrolled and passed submersed through the substrate coating in the pan.
• the substrate traveling at a rate of 5 to 6 feet per minute, is then directed upward and through the turning rollers onto which no weights are exerted and which squeezes off excess substrate coating.
• the turning rollers continuously pull the substrate through the rollers and, after solidifying (or substantially solidifying) the treated substrate, provides a substrate having its fibers substantially completely coated and its free space substantially completely filled and having about 2 grams of Carbowax 1,540 per 100 square inches of the substrate.
• the substrate, containing the solidified substrate coating, is then passed through a pair of transfer rollers which consists essentially of a pair of hard rubber rollers, the bottom roller sitting in a trough which contains the liquified outer coating which is a formulation (m.p. 155 F.) consisting of:
• HAPS percent nonionic antistatic agent 60 percent C., HAPS percent nonionic antistatic agent 23.5 percent isopropyl alcohol 01.5 percent perfume.
• the outer coating formulation adheres to the bottom roller and is brought into contact with the face down side of the passing substrate, thereby achieving a fabric-softening composition having an outer coating on only one of its sides.
• the opposite side of the substrate is then passed face down through a second pair of transfer rollers and solidified to achieve a fabric-softening composition having an outer coating on both sides.
• the fabric-softening composition has an outer coating of about 6 grams per 100 square inches of substrate.
• the total amount of inner and outer coatings is about 8 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, and results in a weight ratio of 4:1 by weight of the substrate.
• the fabric-softening composition Prior to rerolling, the fabric-softening composition can be perforated at desired uniform lengths, or instead of rerolling, the composition can be cut at desired lengths and packaged as individual sheets.
• a 12 inch by 8 /s-inch sheet of this composition is tested for softening performance in an automatic Kenmore 800, electric clothes dryer; satisfactory fabric-softening and fabric-softener release are achieved and there is no staining of the fabrics, which are left with a pleasant perfume odor and no static cling.
• a similar fabric-softening composition is obtained when Adogen 448 is substituted for the outer coating formulation used above and results in a fabric-softening composition having an outer coating with a melting point of about 140 F.
• a 12 inch by Sis-inch sheet of this composition is tested for softening performance in an automatic clothes dryer and achieves results similar to those achieved in example I.
• a similar composition can be made by substituting eicosyltrimethylammonium chloride for the C HAPS used in the outer coating above.
• the fabric-softening composition is tested in an automatic dryer for softening performance. Fabric staining does occur but is significantly less than the fabric staining caused by any of the earlier referenced prior art compositions; it is believed that less staining is observed in the compositions herein (as opposed to prior art compositions) which employ an admixture of fabric softeners in which one of the fabric softeners is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, because of the dilution effect of the admixture.
• the treated fabrics exhibit a pleasant perfume odor and no static cling.
• the fabric-softening composition prepared has a substrate coating of about 2 grams per 100 square inches of substrate and an outer coating of about 5.2 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, providing a total substrate and outer coating weight ratio of about 3.511 by weight of the substrate.
• the fabric-softening composition prepared contains about 2.7 grams of the substrate coating and about 5.2 grams of the outer coating per 100 square inches of the substrate, thereby resulting in a total substrate and outer coating weight ratio of about 4:1 by weight of the substrate.
• composition is tested in an automatic dryer for softening performance and achieves results similar to that of example I; in addition, examination of the treated fabrics under a fluoroscope reveals excellent dispersion of the optical brightening agent and results in additional fabric-finishing advantages.
• EXAMPLE VII Utilizing the procedure of example I, a paper substrate is substituted for the nonwoven Stock A used therein and the following formulation (m.p, about 155 F.) is substituted for the outer coating therein:
• the fabric-softening composition prepared contains about 4.6 grams of the substrate coating per 100 square inches of the substrate and about 8 grams of the outer coating per 100 square inches of the substrate, thereby providing a total substrate and outer coating weight ratio of about 4:1 by weight of the substrate.
• Adogen 448 (mp. about 140 F.) as the substrate coating
• the fabric-softening composition prepared essentially consists of a substrate having a weight of about 3 grams per 100 square inches, a substrate coating of about 1.85 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, and an outer coating of about 1.4 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, thereby providing a total substrate and outer coating weight ratio of about 1:1 by weight of the substrate.
• a fabric-softening composition which has a substrate of about 3 grams per 100 square inches, a substrate coating of about 2.1 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, and an outer coating of about 2 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, thereby providing a total amount of substrate and outer coatings in a weight ratio of about 1.411 by weight of the substrate.
• Nonwoven cloth Stock B can be substituted for nonwoven cloth Stock A in examples 1 through V1 above to achieve fabric-softening compositions equivalent to those of said examples.
• woven cloth e.g., terry cloth
• multiply absorbent toweling paper toweling paper can be substituted for the nonwoven cloth Stock A of the above examples and, when provided with a substrate and outer coating having a weight ratio within the range of from 2:1 to 1:10 by weight of the woven cloth or multi-ply absorbent paper, provide fabric softening compositions equivalent to those of said examples.
• the substrate coating of the above examples can be applied to the substrates in an amount to achieve a substrate having its fibers complete- 1y coated and its free space completely filled with the substrate coating, whereby a film of the substrate coating is present on the surfaces of the substrate. Additionally, when a 5 or 10 pound weight is exerted onto the rollers of the padding machine, the orifice between the rollers is decreased, resulting in a substrate having additional amounts of the substrate coating squeezed out and providing a substrate having its fibers substantially completely coated.
• a roll of the substrate is set up so that it can easily unroll.
• the substrate coating is melted or solvent treated and placed into a trough which is heated to maintain the substrate coating in a liquid state.
• the substrate at a rate of 5 to 6 feet per minute, is passed submersed through the liquified substrate coating in the trough and then through the squeeze rollers of a padding machine of the type described in example 1.
• the rollers are adjusted to squeeze out excess substrate coating and to provide the substrate with sufficient substrate coating to substantially completely coat the fibers of the substrate and to substantially completely fill the free space of the substrate.
• the treated substrate is then solidified (i.e., cooled).
• the outer coating is prepared by liquifying (e.g., melting or solvent treating) the fabric softener and is applied to the sub strate containing the inner coating by means of transfer rollers, the outer coating being applied to both sides of the treated substrate.
• the resulting composition is solidified (e.g., by cooling to room temperature or below or by evaporating off a substantial amount of the solvent); when tested for softening performance in an automatic clothes dryer, the fabricsoftening composition provides satisfactory fabric softening and exhibits satisfactory fabric softener release.
• the substrate employed in Compositions 1-25 and 126-150 is nonwoven cloth Stock A; the substrate utilized in Compositions 2650 and 151-199 is nonwoven cloth Stock B; Compositions 51 through 75 employ the paper substrates of example VII above; Compositions 76 through use an 8 inch by lO--inch woven cloth (Cannon" ter rycloth washcloth), weighing 22.8 grams, as the substrate; and Compositions 101 through employ, as the substrate, a two-ply toweling paper having a basis weight of about 32 pounds per 3,000 square feet (the weight of 100 square inches of the toweling paper is about 2.8 grams) taught in the aforementioned Wells patent. Except for the woven cloth sub strates, the substrates employed in the Compositions are sheets of about 100 square inches in area (about 12 inches x 8-%inches in dimensions).
• the ratio of the substrate to the total amount of substrate and outer coatings is by weight, and the substrate and outer coating amounts are expressed as grams.
• the melting points of the substrate and outer coatings are all about 75 F. or above; an asterisk refers to a cationic or nonionic substrate coating or to an outer coating that melts within the range of from about 100 F. to about 170 F.
• a double-asterisk refers to a cationic or nonionic substrate coating or to an outer coating which has been admixed with a sufficient amount of isopropyl alcohol or an isopropyl alcohol water mixture to achieve a melting point within the range of from about 100 F. to about 170 F.
• the term inner coating used in the table refers to the substrate coating.
• compositions herein can additionally be used in a variety of other ways.
• the sheet or length of a composition herein can be used to manually wipe off fabrics which are prone to exhibit static electricity (e.g., the polymeric vinyl fabrics used generally in automobile upholstery and cushions and in simulated leather coats or other wearing apparel); the composition can be used as it is formulated or can first be moistened with ordinary tap water (i.e., from a faucet) before wiping, and this method is generally suitable for other synthetic fabrics, such as is often found on furniture. After wiping with the compositions herein, it is desirable to wipe off the upholstery or other substance treated with a dry, ordinary wiping cloth, rag, or the like to remove excess or undried fabric softening left on the upholstery.
• compositions herein can be used in a dryer for the purpose of imparting antistatic properties to such items as socks, ladies stockings, sweaters and other items made of synthetic fabrics.
• a dryer When so used, it is not necessary that the clothes be first wetted; thus, the garments can be treated without the tuffing or balling-up of the fabric fibers that often occurs when such fabrics are wetted.
• composition is preferably wetted before application and the cleansed surface or leather wiped dry.
• a fabric-softening composition consisting essentially of:
• a substantially solid, waxy substrate coating which con sists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy, cationic or nonionic material
• a substantially solid outer coating in contact with the sub strate coating which comprises from about 30 to I00 percent by weight of a fabric softener
• said fabric softener is a compound or an admixture of two or more compounds having a different composition than the substrate coating material, wherein at least one of the substrate and outer coatings has a melting point of no more than about l F.; and, wherein the weight ratio of the substrate to the total amount of the substrate coating and outer coating ranges from 2:1 to l:lO.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the substrate is paper.
• composition of claim 2 wherein the substrate is a one-ply paper having a basis weight of about 32 pounds per 3,000 square feet.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a nonwoven cloth.
• nonwoven cloth is a water-laid or dry-laid nonwoven cloth and consists essentially of lubricated cellulosic fibers, said fibers having a length of from about 3/16 inch to about 2 inches and a denier of from about 1.5 to about 5 and being partially oriented haphazardly, adhesively bonded together with binder-resin which is at least substantially hydrophobic, wherein said fiber and said binderresin respectively constitute about 70 percent and about 30 percent by weight of the nonwoven cloth, said cloth having a basis weight of from about 18 to about 30 grams per square yard.
• composition of claim 5 wherein the nonwoven cloth is dry-laid and the fibers are regenerated cellulose which are about A inch in length with a denier of about 1.5 and are adhesively bonded together with a nonionic self-crosslinking acrylic polymer, said nonwoven cloth having a basis weight of about 26 grams per square yard.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy nonionic material.
• composition of claim 7 wherein the nonionic material is selected from the group consisting of:
• aliphatic carboxylic acids having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms
• aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 car bon atoms
• glycerides selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and mixtures thereof;
• h. amides selected from the group consisting of:
• N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms
• N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms
• condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine having at least about 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy cationic material.
• composition of claim 9 wherein the cationic materi a1 is ditallowdimethylammonium chloride.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the substrate coating has a melting point within the range of from about 75 F. to about 170 F.
• composition of claim 12 wherein the substrate coating has a melting point within the range of from about 100 F. to about F.
• composition of claim 12 wherein the substrate coating substantially completely coats the fibers of the substrate and substantially completely fills the free space of said substrate.
• composition of claim 15 wherein the fabric softener is selected from the group consisting of 3-( N-alkyl-N,N- dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate and 3-(N- alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-propane-l-sulfonate, wherein the alkyl is a mixture of alkyls having from 20 to 22 carbon atoms.
• composition of claim 15 wherein the fabric softener is an admixture of 3-( N-a1ky1-N,N-dimethylammonio)-2- hydroxypropane-l-sulfonate, wherein the alkyl is a mixture of alkyl groups having from 20 to 22 carbon atoms, and ditallowdimethylammonium chloride.
• composition of claim 18 wherein the outer coating has a melting point within the range of from about 100 F. to about 170 F.
• the substrate comprises a dry-laid nonwoven cloth substrate comprising about 70 percent regenerated cellulosic fibers and about 30 percent hydrophobic binder-resins, said fibers having a denier of about 1.5 and a length of about A inch and being oriented substantially haphazardly and lubricated with sodium oleate, said nonwoven cloth substrate having a thickness of about 4 to 5 mills and a basis weight of about 26 grams per square yard; wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy, nonionic polymer of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of from about L300 to about 1,600 and having a melting point of about 1 l4 F., said substrate coating substantially completely coating the fibers of said substrate and substantially completely filling the free space of said substrate; wherein the substantially solid outer coating has a melting point below about 170 F.
• the substrate comprises a dry-laid, nonwoven cloth substrate, comprising about 70 percent regenerated cellulosic fibers and about 30 percent hydrophobic binder-resins, said fibers hav ing a denier of about 1.5 and a length of about A inch and being oriented substantially haphazardly and lubricated with sodium oleate, said nonwoven cloth substrate having a thickness of about 4 to 5 mills and a basis weight of about 26 grams per square yard; wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy, nonionic polymer of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of from 1,300 to about 1,600 and having a melting point of about l 14 F., said substrate coating substantially completely coating the fibers of said substrate and substantially completely filling the free space of said substrate; wherein the substantially solid outer coating has a melting point below about l70 F.
• a fabric softener admixture consisting of 3-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-2- hydroxypropane-l-sulfonate, where the alkyl is a mixture of alkyls having from to 22 carbon atoms, and ditallowdimethylammonium chloride in a weight ratio of about 1.3: l respectively; and wherein the weight ratio of said nonwoven cloth substrate to the total amount of said substrate coating and outer coating is about I15.
• the substrate comprises a paper substrate, said paper being a oneply paper made from a mixture of groundwood and kraft bleached woodpulps and having a basis weight of 32 pounds per 3,000 square feet; wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of a substantially solid, waxy nonionic polymer of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of from about 1,300 to about 1,600 and having a melting point of about l M F., said substrate coating substantially completely coating the fibers of said substrate and substantially completely filling the free space of said substrate; wherein the substantially solid outer coating has a melting point below about F.
• the substrate comprises a paper substrate, said paper being a dissolvable paper; wherein the substrate coating consists essentially of substantially solid, waxy, cationic ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, having a melting point oi" about I40 F., said substrate coating substantially completely coating the fibers of the substrate and substantially completely filling the free space of said substrate; wherein the substantially solid outer coating has a melting point below about l70 F.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Cited By (86)

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Citations (5)

• 1969
  • 1969-04-28 US US3632396D patent/US3632396A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-04-25 DE DE2020197A patent/DE2020197C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1970-04-27 FR FR7015324A patent/FR2040306B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-04-27 BE BE749564D patent/BE749564A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-04-28 CH CH638470A patent/CH527317A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-04-28 NL NL7006161A patent/NL163838C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-04-28 GB GB2035670A patent/GB1293425A/en not_active Expired
• 1971
  • 1971-09-07 US US3743534D patent/US3743534A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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