US3623922A - Alloy white cast iron - Google Patents

Alloy white cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3623922A
US3623922A US732143A US3623922DA US3623922A US 3623922 A US3623922 A US 3623922A US 732143 A US732143 A US 732143A US 3623922D A US3623922D A US 3623922DA US 3623922 A US3623922 A US 3623922A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
copper
cast iron
molybdenum
manganese
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Expired - Lifetime
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US732143A
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English (en)
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William M Williams
Jean Claude Farge
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Norcast Inc
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Noranda Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys

Definitions

  • FIG. 2 ALLOY WHITE CAST IRON Filed May 27, 1968 FIG. 2
  • a manganese-copper molybdenum alloy whitecast iron has a substantially uniformly distributed martensltic structure and a high and uniform hardness in excess of 500 Brinell and a high resistance to abrasion and impactfA preferred range of alloying components includes between 2.5 and manganese, between about 2% and about 4% carbon, up to about 2% silicon and at least one of the group consisting of 0 to 2.5% copper and 0 to 1% molybdenum wherein the total amount of copper plus 'molybdenum is not less than 0.1%, the balance belng essentially iron and incidental impurities commonly found in cast iron.
  • This invention relates to manganese-copper-molybdenium white cast iron, and more particularly to manganese-copper molybdenum white cast irons having a high hardness, abrasion resistance, and resistance to impact.
  • the present invention is one in which manganese is an essential constituent in the ranges appearing hereafter.
  • the alloy has improved properties if manganese is present with either copper or molybdenum.
  • an alloy white cast iron having a substantially uniformly distributed martensitio structure and containing between about 1.5% and about 16% manganese;between about 2% and about 4% carbon, from 0 to about 2% of silicon, and at least one of the group consisting of O to 2.5% copper and 0 to 1% molybdenum wherein the total amount of copper plus Imolybdenum is not less than 0.1%, the balance being essentially iron and incidental impurities commonly found in cast iron, said alloy having a high and uniform hardness in excess of 500 Brinell and high resistance to abrasion and impact.
  • impurities include phosphorus and sulphur as are commonly found in cast iron (the percentage content of phosphorus may vary typically from 0.01 to 0.2 and of sulphur from 0.01 to 0.3), and also tramp elements which are unavoidably introduced into the alloying furnace or cupola with scrap metal.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship of alloy hardness to the percentage content by weight of manganese, copper and molybdenum.
  • FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a preferred alloy taken at a magnification of X500.
  • alloy white cast iron containing as part of its composition, manganese, copper and molybdenum, provides a desirable combination of strength, hardness, toughness and abrasion resistance when the alloy compositions are held within the given limits, and that the alloy white cast iron can be readily melted in a cupola.
  • the new alloy white cast iron provides an economical alternative to the abrasion resistant materials used heretofore.
  • the microstructure of alloys made according to the invention is comprised of a carbide phase, a pearlite phase and an austenite-martensite phase in various proportions. Apart from the carbide phase it is not necessary that all these phases be present together in the microstructure of the present invention.
  • the proportions of the carbide phase, the pearlite phase and the austenite-martensite phase in the microstructure vary according to the section size of the cast object, the cooling rate of the casting and the precise composition as will readily be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • the combined effects of these phases give to the microstructure, and hence to the alloy, the desirable combination of properties already mentioned and enable the alloy to be used where a high resistance to abrasion and impact, as well as a high and uniform hardness throughout the cast object, are necessary.
  • FIG. l of the accompanying drawings shows the relation of alloy hardness to the percentage content by ⁇ weight of manganese, copper and molybdenum.
  • the hardness of the members was tested and the drawing shows the variation in hardness of such slugs when the manganese, copper and bolybdenum are varied independently, the other constituents of the alloy being held constant within the limits of experimentation,
  • the Rockwell hardness of the members was tested. It may be seen that an equivalent Brinell hardness about 500 may be obtained in an alloy White cast iron over a range of compositions, many of which would be substantially more economical than materials now in common use for alloys requiring superior abrasion and wear resistance.
  • the preferred embodiment contains about 3.2% manganese, 0.9% copper, and 0.20% molybdenum with 2-4% carbon, 0-2%l silicon, the balance essentially iron containing small amounts of impurities eg. phosphorus and sulphur in the amounts commonly found in cast iron and referred to previously. It should be noted that the total amount of copper plus molybdenum should not be less than 0.1%. This preferred alloy would offer very high resistance to abrasion and wear in uses such as grinding of ores.
  • EXAMPLE I A truncated cone, of height approximately 2 inches and measuring approximately 11/2 inches at the base, cast under normal production conditions at Foundry No. 2, from hot cupola metal of the following composition: 3.19% carbon, 0.56% silicon, 3.54% manganese, 1.05% copper, 0.25% molybdenum, had a uniform hardness of Brinell 618.
  • EXAMPLE II A truncated cone, approximately 11/2 inches high and 1 inch diameter at the base, cast under normal production conditions at Foundry No. 1, from hot cupola metal of the following composition: 3.19% carbon, 0.76% silicon, 3.20% manganese, 1.34% copper, 0.27% molybdenum, had a uniform hardness of Brinell 640.
  • EXAMPLE III A grinding ball of 11/2 inches diameter, sand cast, using the Disamatic (registered trademark) process at Foundry No. 3 under normal production conditions, from hot cupola metal of the following composition: 3.45% carbon, 0.71% silicon, 3.40% manganese, 1.10% copper, 0.19% molybdenum, had a uniform Brinell hardness of 630.
  • the structure of the alloys produced by the above examples was characterized by the presence of a substantially uniformly distributed martensitic phase.
  • FIG. 2 is a photornicrograph taken at a magnilication of X500. This photomicrograph shows the distribution of carbide, pearlite retained austenite and martensite of the alloy.
  • the preferred alloy has an improved strength and toughness when compared to the commonly used nickel-chromium containing white cast irons such as are sold under the trademark Ni-Hard.
  • Ni-Hard the commonly used nickel-chromium containing white cast irons
  • the preferred alloy proved to be significantly tougher than the chromium nickel containing cast irons commonly known as Ni-Hard.
  • the white cast iron of the present invention will nd application in a number of lields in which high hardness, wear resistance, and abrasion resistance may be benecially employed.
  • grinding balls, attrition mill plates, rolls, pump parts, mining machinery parts, mullet tires, nozzles, etc. can be made from the white cast iron of the present invention.
  • An alloy white cast iron having:
  • pearlite phase and an austenite-martensite phase including (b) a substantially uniformly distributed martensitic structure in the as-cast condition;
  • An alloy white cast iron having:
  • pearlite phase and an austenite-martensite phase including (b) a substantially uniformly distributed martensitic structure in the as-cast condition;
  • An alloy white cast iron having:
  • a microstructure comprising a carbide phase, a pearlite phase and an austenite-martensite phase including (b) a substantially uniformly distributed martensitic structure in the as-cast condition;
  • alloy white cast iron according to claim 2 wherein the copper is present in positive amounts up to 1.40% and the molybdenum is present in positive amounts up to 0.4%.
  • An alloy white cast iron having: References Cited (a) a microstructure comprising a carbide phase, a UNITED STATES PATENTS pearlite phase, and an austenite-martensite phase including 3,095,300 6/ 1963 Moore 7,5-130 X (b) a substantially uniformly distributed martensitic 5 3,253,907 5/1965 SChWIldt 75-130 X structure in the .as-cast condtion; and 3,295,965 1/ 1967 Willey 148--35 X (c) containing about 3.2% manganese; 1,620,877 3/1927 Drummond 75-123 I (d) between 3 and 4% carbon substantially all of 2,119,833 6/1938 Sparlng 75-123 CI which is present in the combined -form as carbide; 2 276 689 3/1942 Felton 75 123 I (e) from 0 t0 1% Silicon; and 10 2895j859 7/1959 Pras "nwl---m 75 125 (f) about 0.9% copper,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US732143A 1965-09-20 1968-05-27 Alloy white cast iron Expired - Lifetime US3623922A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB40027/65A GB1158149A (en) 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Alloy Cast Iron

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US3623922A true US3623922A (en) 1971-11-30

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US (1) US3623922A (es)
BE (1) BE687151A (es)
DE (1) DE1533337B1 (es)
ES (1) ES331335A1 (es)
FI (1) FI46080C (es)
GB (1) GB1158149A (es)
NO (1) NO118007B (es)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2193720A1 (es) * 1972-07-25 1974-02-22 Erlau Ag Eisen Drahtwerk
US3941589A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-03-02 Amax Inc. Abrasion-resistant refrigeration-hardenable white cast iron
US4194906A (en) * 1976-09-13 1980-03-25 Noranda Mines Limited Wear resistant low alloy white cast iron
US4382828A (en) * 1979-11-19 1983-05-10 George Fischer Limited Chromium cast iron and method of producing same
US5242510A (en) * 1992-09-25 1993-09-07 Detroit Diesel Corporation Alloyed grey iron having high thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability
CN114206715A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2022-03-18 卡特彼勒公司 具有白口铁构件的履带组件衬套

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE699034C (de) * 1939-09-28 1940-11-21 Wilhelm Bamberger Hartgusslegierung fuer Belagplatten von Koksloeschwagen und Koksloeschrampen
GB846477A (en) * 1956-03-16 1960-08-31 Renault Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of thin iron castings
US3042512A (en) * 1959-06-04 1962-07-03 Meehanite Metal Corp Wear resistant cast iron

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2193720A1 (es) * 1972-07-25 1974-02-22 Erlau Ag Eisen Drahtwerk
US3870094A (en) * 1972-07-25 1975-03-11 Erlau Ag Eisen Drahtwerk Chain link for antiskid and tire protective chains
US3941589A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-03-02 Amax Inc. Abrasion-resistant refrigeration-hardenable white cast iron
US4194906A (en) * 1976-09-13 1980-03-25 Noranda Mines Limited Wear resistant low alloy white cast iron
US4382828A (en) * 1979-11-19 1983-05-10 George Fischer Limited Chromium cast iron and method of producing same
US5242510A (en) * 1992-09-25 1993-09-07 Detroit Diesel Corporation Alloyed grey iron having high thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability
CN114206715A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2022-03-18 卡特彼勒公司 具有白口铁构件的履带组件衬套

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Publication number Publication date
ES331335A1 (es) 1968-08-01
BE687151A (es) 1967-03-01
FI46080C (fi) 1972-12-11
NO118007B (es) 1969-10-20
FI46080B (es) 1972-08-31
GB1158149A (en) 1969-07-16
DE1533337B1 (de) 1972-03-16

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Owner name: NORCAST INC., 68 YONGE ST., STE. 208, TORONTO, ONT

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NORANDA MINES LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004163/0249

Effective date: 19830804