US3619430A - Method of making a metal impregnated carbon product - Google Patents

Method of making a metal impregnated carbon product Download PDF

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Publication number
US3619430A
US3619430A US831160A US3619430DA US3619430A US 3619430 A US3619430 A US 3619430A US 831160 A US831160 A US 831160A US 3619430D A US3619430D A US 3619430DA US 3619430 A US3619430 A US 3619430A
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product
bulk density
metal
impregnation
carbon
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US831160A
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Toshio Hiratsuka
Toyonosuke Kanemaru
Hiroshi Yamazoe
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Nippon Carbon Co Ltd
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Nippon Carbon Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
    • C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88—Metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/935—Seal made of a particular material
    • Y10S277/936—Composite

Definitions

  • a seal material having an improved wear re sistance under a severe rotary and vibration condition at elevated temperatures can be produced by the steps of providing a mass of coke powder with a particle size less than 40 micron, mixing the coke powder and a binder by a mixer of Banbury type, molding the mixture to shape, selecting a product having a bulk density ofin the range of 1.68-1.79, impregnating the product with a molten metal, and cooling it to room temperature.
  • Binder 40-50% by wt.
  • the present invention relates to a seal material having an improved dynamic strength, and more particularly, to the seal material consisting of a novel carbon-metal composite article having a high strength as a mechanical seal, and further an enhanced dynamic strength under a severe rotary and vibration condition of a rotary machine, and to a method of making the same.
  • the seal of the conventional material is positioned in a stationary bearing housing, it is required only to have a high static strength and a pressure resistance, since it does not move. Further, in case the seal of the prior art is installed as a rotatable part under a high temperature condition, it soon loses its own strength, though the carbonaceous seal is reinforced by impregnating with a synthetic resin. in spite of a considerable bending or flexural strength in the static state, in case the seal of the above kind is applied in a machine of a high vibration, a defect or destruction soon ensues therefrom. The seal available in the market hardly meets the above requirement in the service of vibration. It is also very difficult to attain a uniform quality in the production of the seal material.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow sheet for making a seal material in ac cordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a vibration test machine in which a test specimen made of the seal material is examined in point of fatigue and impact under a vibrating condition.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 if a view showing the test specimen.
  • a carbonaceous raw material for making a seal of this invention can be selected from the group of coke powder of both coal and petroleum origin, carbon black, coking coal, anthracite, and mixtures thereof.
  • a coke it is preferred that it contains about 0.2 percent ash, 99 percent fixed carbon, and 0.8 percent of both volatile and moisture contents, and has a true bulk density in the range of 1.98 to 2.02.
  • the hardness of coke is indicated by the hardness index specified by ASTM, O409-l which shows that the less the index the harder the coke. In this invention, the harder the coke the better. Less than 25 of the index is preferred.
  • lt is understood that the raw coke material is not limited to have the above composition and property.
  • coke As a starting raw material, coke only is preferred, but when another material is added, it is preferred that about 5-15 parts by weight of carbon black, such as, channel black are added to about 100 parts by weight of coke. When coal or anthracite is added, it should be in an amount corresponding to the above of the carbon black to be added, but not limited.
  • a particle size of carbonaceous material is a very important matter in this invention for making a desired product. lts maximum particle size should be 40 micron.
  • the particle size of coke powder is one of the most important requirements for attaining the desired product of this invention.
  • Raw coke is ground or pulverized to the particle size of 40 micron.
  • coke is roughly ground by a jaw crusher, then by :1 micron mill and it is screened by an air separator to the desired particle size of 40 micron.
  • a material is ground with a view to grinding to the particle size of a predetermined dimension, for example, a very small dimension, such as, 40 micron, the distribution of a predetermined particle size cannot be complete, but it tends to be so by a grinding method and apparatus.
  • the results of sedimetry have shown a particle larger than 40 micron zero, 18.8 percent of that of 40-20 micron, 31.3 percent of 20-10 micron, 31.0 percent of 10-5 micron, and 23.5 percent of less than 5 micron.
  • the particle size of a raw material is very important, but we do not intend to limit all the particle size of the material to 40 micron only. We do not limit that each and every particle size of the material should be 40 micron only. A somewhat nonuniform distribution of a particle size less than 40 micron and larger than 1 micron is allowable if it contains more than 60 percent, preferably percent when the material is pulverized to the particle size in view by a known manner.
  • a carbonaceous product is manufactured by the steps of grinding a carbonaceous material, mixing the material and a binder, molding the mixture to shape, and baking it.
  • a feature of the invention consists in a specified particle size, that is, less than 40 micron.
  • the particle size of carbon black is known to be less than 40 micron, and that of even the biggest one is less than i micron, hence the carbon black only should not be preferred to be a raw material in this invention.
  • a product made of the carbon black only in accordance with this invention is much inferior in strength to the one made of coke powder ground to the par ticle size of 40 micron or below. Therefore, it is not desirable to select the carbon black having a particle size less than 1 micron only as a raw material for the product of this invention from a particle size point of view.
  • a binder is selected from the group of pitch, tar, and a carbonizable synthetic resin, and a mixture thereof.
  • pitch has a softening point, 70 C., and! a composition of 52 percent volatile constituents, 48 percent free carbon, and 18 percent benzol-insoluble constituents.
  • Tar has 70 percent volatile constituents, 30 percent free carbon, and 5 percent benzol-insoluble constituents.
  • the synthetic resin is selected from the group of a highly carbonizable one such as, phenolic or furan when it is baked.
  • an amount of the binder to be added should be sufficiently large so as to cover the surface area of each particle of the material completely, since the finer the particle the more surface area thereof.
  • the binder is added in a larger amount than the minimum required. It is because when a powdery material is to be mixed with a least required amount of binder, a stronger mixing power is required than with an excess thereof, and a suitable mixer to attain its full ability has never occurred to those skilled in the art, and further, it has been considered to be easy that an excess of binder is used to make a sufficient contact of each particle therewith.
  • the second baked product has a bulk density of kneading step is carried out by so strong an electric power that less than L68, it is preferable to subject it to a further baking the material heats itself by a kneading friction so as to after the itch impregnation.
  • the pitch impregnation is facilitate mixing thereof, whereby an external heating as in the preferred b au when a molded carbonaceous article is Wern r mlXef i entir ly r quir d.
  • a number of bury mlxer Cooledi and agamlpulvewed to a particle up times of pitch impregnation should be preferred to be at most to 9 mesh Tyler' We F Hregrmd",
  • a carbonaceous twice, because the increase of bulk density cannot be exmaterial obtained from this regrind has a more uniform strucpected despite of multiplying the number of times of pitch wre than t prevlou? Pamcular care taken so that a pregnation.
  • Pitch impregnation of two times or more tends to Pamela of regrmd i mo h t should not produce a variation in the carbonaceous structure so that the reground to less than the maximum particle SIZCOfthtB starting Construction of each pore becomes unsuitable for a mutenul' A q matfmal havmg pamcle up to sequent metal impregnation to be treated.
  • the reground powder can be molded into shape by heating it a little. Subsequently, the molded shape was baked at the rate of Bulk tit-nar Sl'ltilh hardness Flexural strength impregnation 5 C. per hour in a nitrogen atmosphere furnace up to the maximum temperature of 800 C. wherein it was held for a With grain )8 against grain period of l hour. This we call the first baking step. s- 1 After the first baking step, the product is subjected to the Againsgmi" second baking step at a temperature of l,300 to 1.400 C. in 70 an Acheson-type direct resistance electric furnace.
  • the With grain refers to an orientation parallel to the requirements of baking in a furnace are permissible, that is, if direction of grain while against grain to an orientation vertithere is any furnace wherein the first and second baking steps cal to that Of grain can be carried out in a single furnace, the carbonaceou
  • the above carbon article of a high strength with no metal product may be subjected directly to the first and second impregnation can be applied where there isastatic load, butit backing steps in the one furnace.
  • a carbon product obtained from the second burning step is subjected to a metal impregnation in order to improve its dynamic property.
  • This carbon product should have a bulk density of 1.68-1.79 prior to the metal impregnation.
  • a carbon product with less than 1.68 of a bulk density is of a relatively weak strength while that of higher than 1.79 cannot exhibit a full reinforcement advantage of metal impregnation on account of a scarce porosity into which metal infiltrates.
  • a metal for impregnating a carbonaceous product therewith is a metallic element or an alloy which has a melting point of 200 to 1,000 C.
  • the range of the melting point of the metal and alloy has been specified in the above because if the melting point of a metal or alloy for impregnation is lower than 200 C., the metal or alloy infiltrated into the seal material will be molten under the condition of a high temperature service to destroy it while if the melting point is higher than 1,000 C. an impregnating process thereof will be difficult.
  • an improved seal material having an excellent dynamic property can be obtained by impregnating the carbon product having a bulk density of 1.68-1.79 manufactured in accordance with this invention with a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, antimony, silver, an antimony-lead alloy, an antimony-tin alloy, Y alloy (an aluminum alloy having the designation Alcoa 142, SAE
  • ASTM CN 42A and containing about 4 percent copper, about 1.5 percent magnesium, and about 2.0 percent nickel), an antimony-copper alloy, and a lead-silver alloy. These metals and alloys have the range of melting points specified above.
  • the impregnating process is effected in an autoclave by causing the carbon product to immerse in a molten metal bath.
  • the autoclave of 100 liters is evacuated by a vacuum pump per 500-liters/min. up to the vacuum of 5 Torr., preferably up to 1 Torr., and then the carbon product is impregnated with the molten metal in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere in order to prevent the metal from oxidizing under a pressure of to l5O-kg./cm. for a period of 10-30 minutes.
  • the product is lifted up, cooled to room temperature, and the carbon product treated with metal is withdrawn from the autoclave. In this treatment, it is necessary to secure the carbon product to the bottom of an impregnating vessel so as not to float up since it is much lighter than the molten metal.
  • a simple test for measuring a ratio of impregnation is to measure a bulk density of a product.
  • a carbon product impregnated with antimony has a bulk density of more than 2.32, and lead more than 2.69, when the ratio of metal impregnation is more than 80 percent.
  • the ratio of metal impregnation is obtained by the following formula:
  • Ratio of metal impregnation (Density of product after impregnation) W i (Density of seeond hal ed product) (Metal density) (Carbon porosity)
  • the degree rate of metal impregnation which meets the requirements of this invention should. be preferred to be at least percent or more. If there is a product having the rate .ofless than 80 percent, it should be omitted since an adequate strength thereof cannot be expected therefrom.
  • a carbon product treated is withdrawn from the autoclave, and then it is subjected to a finish work, such as, described above, in a conventional manner to produce a desired seal material.
  • a finish work such as, described above, in a conventional manner to produce a desired seal material.
  • a test specimen (FIG. 4) support of our device (FIGS. 2-3) is provided on an electromagnetic vibratory testing machine in order to conduct an impact-fatigue test.
  • the electromagnetic vibration test machine is employed to test various parts of missiles, aircrafts, and automobiles, etc. by means of resonance frequency, and the specification is as follows:
  • test of this invention is conducted as follows: a test specimen, 6 1OX60 mm, weight 8-l1 g., is made from a blank of the carbon product of this invention. The specimen is freely supported at both ends in a recess, 7 mm., of two posts ofa testing machine as shown in FIGS. 2-3, and further, it is secured to a weight W of 344 g. The recess is 7 mm. high and the specimen 6 mm. thick, so there is a gap 1 mm. therebetween.
  • a rig for holding the specimen is simple as shown in the drawing, and the rig is placed on the electromagnetic vibratory table, a drive of which is not shown. It is understood that the details of the above testing machine and the rig are omitted because they are not part of the invention.
  • the vibratory table can be arranged in such a manner that it vibrates at 1 G. (gravity) to 30 G., the more the number ofG. the more vibration.
  • G. is gradually increased upon vibration of the table when a switch thereof is on.
  • the specimen rig sets in vibration up and down.
  • G. reaches 30 G. in a period of about 5 seconds, a time prior to destruction of specimen is measured by a stop watch.
  • a material having a poor dynamic strength is usually destroyed before 10 G. It is understood that the specimen with the weight is arranged not to leap out of the rig by vibration.
  • a period of longer than 10 minutes at 30 G. is a passing mark of the above test for the seal material of this invention.
  • the coke of the highest grade, NFC (Hardness index 25 or less specified by ASTM, D409-5 l) of the Nittetsu Chemical industry Co., Ltd., Japan was selected. This coke was ground to the maximum particle size 40 micron or less.
  • a mixture of 100 parts by weight coke powder and 43 parts by weight binder consisting of 1 part of weight tar and 9 parts by weight pitch was made. This mixture was kneaded by a mixer of Banbury type with an electric power of 17 kw. per one kg. of charge. The resulting mixture was cooled, reground, and screened by l mesh Tyler or less.
  • the resulting powder was placed in a metallic mold, 3 3 l inch, and molded at a molding pressure of 2 tons per sq. cm.
  • the molded shape was baked at the rate of C. per hour in a nitrogen atmosphere furnace up to the maximum temperature of 800 C. wherein it was held for a period of one hour in order to obtain a first baked product.
  • This first baked product was subjected to pitch impregnation, and thereafter it was baked at the temperature of 1,350 C. for a period of about 30 minutes in an Acheson-type direct resistance electric furnace to produce a second baked product.
  • a bulk density of this second baked product was found to have one between 1.68 and 1.81.
  • test specimen B.D. of second baked product 1. 70 1.78 1.66 1. 81 ED. of product impregnated with metal 2. 67 2. 49 2. 76 2. 44
  • Rate of metal impregnation percent 88 88 88 91 Flexural strength, kgJcrnJ 940 980 920 870 Dynamic strength, 30 G 1 30 minutes longer. 1 8 minutes, failure. 3 4 minutes, failure.
  • Petroleum coke (Hardness index 30) of the Great Lakes Carbon Corp, U.S.A. was adopted as a raw material.
  • a second baked product was obtained in accordance with the same procedure as in example 1. Antimony was used for a metal for impregnation.
  • the second baked product was impregnated with antimony under the condition of 0.05 Torr, reduced pressure, at the temperature of 700 C., and under the pressure of I00 kg. per sq. cm.
  • the properties of the final product are shown:
  • step (a) mixing the ground carbonaceous material of step (a) with a binder selected from the group consisting of pitch, tar, a highly carbonizable synthetic resin and mixtures thereof,
  • step (e) molding the mass of step (e) into a mold
  • step (f) subjecting the carbonaceous shape of step (f) to a baking procedure at a maximum temperature of l,300 C. to 1 ,400 C. in an inert atmosphere
  • step (f) selecting the carbonaceous shape of step (f) so that it has a bulk density in the range of L68 to 1.79,
  • step (h) having the specified bulk density with a metal or alloy having a melt ing point of 200 to L000 C. and selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, antimony, silver, an antimony-lead alloy, an antimony-tin alloy, Y alloy, an antimony-copper alloy, and a lead-silver alloy, said impregnation step being effected by first introducing the baked shape into an autoclave, evacuating the autoclave to a partial pressure, surrounding the baked shape with molten metal and pressurizing the autoclave with an inert gas,
  • step (i) continuing step (i) until at least 80 percent of the voids of the baked shape is impregnated with the molten metal
  • step (h) which have bulk density of less than 1.58 are subjected to one or more pitch impregnations followed after each pitch impregnation by a baking step so as to increase the bulk density to within 1.68 to 1.79.
  • step (11) which have a bulk density of more than 1.58, but less than 1.68 are subjected to a second baking step with no pitch added so as to increase its bulk density to within 1.68 to 1.79.
  • step a) A method according to claim .1 wherein the raw carbonaceous material used in step a) is coke powder of both coal and petroleum origin.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US831160A 1969-04-22 1969-06-06 Method of making a metal impregnated carbon product Expired - Lifetime US3619430A (en)

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JP44030706A JPS511728B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-22 1969-04-22

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Cited By (19)

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US3902861A (en) * 1969-07-31 1975-09-02 Bottelle Memorial Inst Composite material
US3907514A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-09-23 Pure Carbon Company Inc Aluminum carbon composite seal material
US3927991A (en) * 1969-07-15 1975-12-23 Toyo Kogyo Co Wear-resistant sliding member
US3969451A (en) * 1971-05-17 1976-07-13 The Wickes Corporation Mechanical seals
US3985477A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-10-12 General Motors Corporation Tube core apex seal for rotary combustion engine
US4076637A (en) * 1976-09-29 1978-02-28 Tyler Corporation Metal dispersions and method for producing same
WO1981003452A1 (en) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-10 A Khomenko Method of making antifrictional materials
US4535035A (en) * 1984-01-17 1985-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Oxidation resistant slurry coating for carbon-based materials
US4882103A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-11-21 Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. Process for producing carbon product having coarse and dense structure
DE4411059A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Ringsdorff Werke Gmbh Werkstoff für Kolben für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
US5554390A (en) * 1994-01-28 1996-09-10 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Coatings with second phase particulate to improve environmental protection
US5609815A (en) * 1993-02-23 1997-03-11 Le Carbone Lorraine Process for fast manufacturing of carbonaceous products
US5901964A (en) * 1997-02-06 1999-05-11 John R. Williams Seal for a longitudinally movable drillstring component
US6303545B1 (en) * 1998-04-09 2001-10-16 Chemetall Ges. M.B.H. Solid lubricants with a tin sulphide and carbon base
US6787029B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2004-09-07 Cabot Corporation Material for chromatography
US20060057386A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-16 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Composite material and method of producing the same, and composite metal material and method of producing the same
US20100015032A1 (en) * 2004-07-21 2010-01-21 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Carbon-based material and method of producing the same, and composite material and method of producing the same
CN107207359A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2017-09-26 申克霍夫曼碳科技股份公司 摩擦衬片材料和制备摩擦衬片材料的方法
CN114804876A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-07-29 哈尔滨电碳厂有限责任公司 一种高耐磨端面密封石墨材料的制备方法

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US4643956A (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-02-17 United Technologies Corporation Coke filled separator plate for electrochemical cells
CN106699181B (zh) * 2015-11-13 2019-09-03 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 一种利用氧化石墨烯制备受电弓碳滑条材料的制备方法
CN110483047B (zh) * 2019-08-24 2021-08-10 湖南长重机器股份有限公司 一种斗轮机用的耐磨碳刷材料及其制备方法

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US6787029B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2004-09-07 Cabot Corporation Material for chromatography
US7951297B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-05-31 Cabot Corporation Material for chromatography
US7008534B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2006-03-07 Cabot Corporation Material for chromatography
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US20060186047A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2006-08-24 Gaudet Gregory T Material for chromatography
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US8052918B2 (en) 2004-07-21 2011-11-08 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Carbon-based material and method of producing the same, and composite material and method of producing the same
US20100015032A1 (en) * 2004-07-21 2010-01-21 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Carbon-based material and method of producing the same, and composite material and method of producing the same
US7803297B2 (en) * 2004-09-09 2010-09-28 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Composite material and method of producing the same, and composite metal material and method of producing the same
US20100324194A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2010-12-23 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Composite Material and Method of Producing the Same, and Composite Metal Material and Method of Producing the Same
US20060057386A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-16 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Composite material and method of producing the same, and composite metal material and method of producing the same
US8303869B2 (en) 2004-09-09 2012-11-06 Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Composite material and method of producing the same, and composite metal material and method of producing the same
CN107207359A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2017-09-26 申克霍夫曼碳科技股份公司 摩擦衬片材料和制备摩擦衬片材料的方法
US20180266506A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2018-09-20 Schunk Hoffmann Carbon Technology Ag Friction lining material and method for producing a friction lining material
US10591010B2 (en) * 2015-02-13 2020-03-17 Schunk Hoffman Carbon Technology Ag Friction lining material and method for producing a friction lining material
CN114804876A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-07-29 哈尔滨电碳厂有限责任公司 一种高耐磨端面密封石墨材料的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1927058B2 (de) 1978-11-09
GB1273755A (en) 1972-05-10
JPS511728B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-20
DE1927058A1 (de) 1971-01-28
DE1927058C3 (de) 1979-07-12

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