CN107207359A - 摩擦衬片材料和制备摩擦衬片材料的方法 - Google Patents

摩擦衬片材料和制备摩擦衬片材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN107207359A
CN107207359A CN201680009180.7A CN201680009180A CN107207359A CN 107207359 A CN107207359 A CN 107207359A CN 201680009180 A CN201680009180 A CN 201680009180A CN 107207359 A CN107207359 A CN 107207359A
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friction lining
lining material
porous body
friction
heap density
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CN107207359B (zh
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克劳斯·赖泽
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Schunk Hoffmann Carbon Technology AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备摩擦衬片材料的方法还涉及具有多孔体的摩擦衬片材料，多孔体的孔填充有填充材料，所述多孔体基于石油焦而设计。

Description

摩擦衬片材料和制备摩擦衬片材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及具有多孔体的摩擦衬片材料，该多孔体的孔填充有填充材料。本发明还涉及由该摩擦衬片材料制成的摩擦衬片及制备该摩擦衬片材料的方法。
背景技术
由DE 197 11 829C1已知一种制备摩擦衬片材料的方法，该摩擦衬片材料包括多孔体，而该多孔体的孔因硅熔体渗透多孔体而被填充。已知的摩擦衬片材料基于纤维束、填充材料和粘结剂的混合物而生产，这种摩擦衬片材料是可以被热解的，将这三种材料全部压实以形成生坯并随后进行热解。
制备这种已知的摩擦衬片材料的先决条件是提供合适的由碳制成的短纤维束，其用于增强由硅制成的陶瓷物质，从而制备复合陶瓷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种摩擦衬片材料，其相对于已知的摩擦衬片材料，可以特别廉价地进行制备，并且还具有特别低的粘着和滑动(通常被称为“粘滑效应”)倾向。
为了实现该目的，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料包括权利要求1的特征。
根据本发明，摩擦衬片材料的多孔体基于石油焦而形成。因此，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料包括由超过50wt％的石油焦组成的多孔体。此外，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料的多孔体可以包含除了石油焦之外的例如部分的沥青焦、石墨或烟灰。
从工业角度来看，与碳纤维相比，可以显著更廉价地生产石油焦。顺便提及，在采用石油焦来形成多孔体还允许使用的附加填充材料更少，或者甚至不使用附加填充材料(特别地如烟灰或石墨)，而在制备生坯时，在制备已知的摩擦衬片材料的过程中这些附加填充材料对于纤维束聚合是必需的，因此可以更容易地，特别是以更加成本有效地方式制得根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料。
在优选实施方式中，摩擦衬片材料包含填充材料，该填充材料作为含金属、陶瓷或半金属的材料而形成，使得尤其可以通过所选择的填充材料特定地调节摩擦衬片材料的操作条件。
优选地，摩擦衬片材料具有5至50％的孔隙率、1.5至5g/cm3的堆密度和5至70wt％的金属部分。
特别优选的是，摩擦衬片材料具有10至30％的孔隙率、2.0至2.5g/cm3的堆密度和10至50wt％的金属部分。
在特别优选的实施方式中，摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为15至20％、堆密度为2.2至2.4g/cm3且铜部分为20至30wt％的多孔体。因此，在将金属与材料匹配时，可以将摩擦系数调节为μ＝0.36。
在另一具体实施方式中，摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为25至30％、堆密度为2.2至2.4g/cm3且铜部分为25至45wt％的多孔体。因此，在将金属与材料匹配时，可以将摩擦系数调节为μ＝0.44。
在另一具体实施方式中，摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为10至20％、堆密度为1.9至2.4g/cm3且由5至25wt％的铝合金形成的金属部分的多孔体。在将金属与材料匹配时，可以将摩擦系数调节为μ＝0.11。
根据本发明的摩擦衬片包括权利要求8的特征。
为了实现本发明的目的，根据本发明的方法包括权利要求9的特征。
在根据本发明的方法中，为了制备摩擦衬片材料，首先制备多孔体，从而将包含石油焦和含碳粘结剂的混合物压实并随后在800℃和1500℃之间的温度下进行热解。随后，利用熔融的填充材料将在多孔体中形成的孔填充。
优选地，将合成树脂、焦油或沥青作为粘结剂使用。
若将陶瓷材料，特别是含碳化硅或氧化铝的材料作为填充材料使用，则该方法将产生复合陶瓷材料，其摩擦系数和磨损特性基本上由陶瓷部分决定。
若使用含金属(特别是铜)或金属合金(特别是铝合金)的填充材料，则摩擦系数和磨损特性基本上由摩擦衬片材料的金属部分决定。
若使用半金属，特别是含硼或含硅的材料，则摩擦系数和磨损特性基本上由所选择的使用的半金属决定。
从上述优选实施方式可以看出，权利要求1限定的摩擦衬片材料或权利要求9限定的方法具有以下优点：基于由石油焦形成的并且其形成与填充材料无关的多孔体，无疑使制备摩擦衬片材料成为可能，其中通过似乎最适合于各自预期用途的填充材料的选择可以限定该摩擦衬片材料的摩擦系数和磨损特性。
不取决于各自调节的摩擦系数，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料由于其基于石油焦形成的多孔体而包括几乎不受动态载荷影响的静摩擦系数，所述多孔体因填充材料限定的容纳部分而基本上用作为基体。通过这种方式，在采用根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料时，可以在配备有根据本发明实现的摩擦衬片材料的制动装置上实现能够重新产生的制动力或保持力，而与动态操作条件无关。
在下文中，在已经使根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料动态地应变之后，在撕裂之时，以示例性方式用摩擦曲线举例说明了与传统的摩擦衬片材料相比，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料的材料性能的特定优势。
在“撕裂”时，在切向力开始便测量摩擦系数，需要将切向力集合以便使摩擦伴侣从相对静止的设置松开，其中摩擦伴侣彼此聚集在一起，以使摩擦伴侣在彼此顶上滑动。以这种方法，得到处于撕裂时的静摩擦系数。
附图说明
在图1和图2中示出了摩擦曲线，分别是表示动摩擦系数或滑动摩擦系数的基本上水平的摩擦曲线，其是在摩擦伴侣的连续相对运动时获得的，以及表示静摩擦系数的摩擦曲线的最大值，其是从静止状态由切向力(即平行于摩擦面的力)给摩擦伴侣加压时获得的，该摩擦伴侣形成一组摩擦副并且各自由布置于钢板上的摩擦衬片形成。
图1示出了传统的有机摩擦衬片和钢板之间的摩擦副的摩擦曲线。
图2示出了根据本发明的摩擦衬片和钢板之间的摩擦副的摩擦曲线。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2以彼此比较的方式清楚地举例说明的，摩擦曲线示出了在传统的摩擦衬片材料从动摩擦行为转变为静摩擦行为时摩擦系数急剧增加，即在将摩擦衬片从静止状态以连续增加的切向力加压时，该摩擦衬片材料在钢板上连续相对运动后从静摩擦“撕裂”。此外，图1清楚地示出在动态操作持续时，撕裂后获得的动摩擦系数明显大于撕裂前的动摩擦系数。
相比之下，可以确定根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料的摩擦曲线，在所述摩擦曲线中的动摩擦系数的增加显著低于静摩擦系数的增加，并且在所述摩擦曲线中的动摩擦系数是在撕裂之后获得的，该动摩擦系数仅略高于撕裂前的动摩擦系数。
根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料的静摩擦系数与动摩擦系数之间的明显的微小差异突出了较低的“粘着和滑动”倾向，从而可以防止由粘着和滑动引起的并导致破坏性噪声发射的振动。这种噪声发射特别是在风能设备操作时发生，该风能设备配备有用于布置在汽车上的转子的方位调节部件。还配备有方位制动装置，用于将汽车的枢转位置固定，并且该方位制动装置包括制动钳，该制动钳包括制动块，即摩擦衬片，所述制动钳与钢制的环形制动盘相互作用。
除了具有较低的“粘着和滑动”倾向的优势之外，根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料由于在操作过程中动摩擦系数轻微改变因而还能够实现基本上恒定或仅稍微分散的制动力。尽管稍微分散的制动力与根据本发明的摩擦衬片材料的使用条件无关，但是无论在何时都能控制制动力，总是具有优势的，例如在ABS系统中。
为了制备摩擦衬片材料的第一示例性实施方式，基于将中值粒径D50为100μm的石油焦与作为粘结剂的酚醛树脂混合而形成了多孔体，将该多孔体压实成用于制备多孔体的模压制品，随后在1400℃下进行热解。产生了堆密度为1.7g/cm3和孔隙率为17％的多孔体。在1300℃的温度和7.5MPa的压力下通过熔融铜渗透多孔体后，产生了堆密度为2.27g/cm3、金属部分为25％和摩擦系数为μ＝0.36的摩擦衬片材料。
根据摩擦衬片材料的另一个示例性实施方式，制备了基于将中值孔径D50为125μm的石油焦与作为粘结剂的沥青混合所形成的多孔体，然后将该多孔体压实成模压制品。在1400℃下进行热解后，产生了堆密度为1.5g/cm3和孔隙率为27％的多孔体。在1300℃的温度和7.5MPa的压力下通过熔融铜渗透该多孔体后，产生了堆密度为2.5g/cm3、金属部分为42％和摩擦系数为μ＝0.44的摩擦衬片材料。
根据摩擦衬片材料的第三示例性实施方式，制备了基于中值粒径D50为30μm的石油焦形成的多孔体，将酚醛树脂用作粘结剂，并且将得到的混合物压实以形成模压制品，随后在950℃下进行热解。产生了堆密度为1.72g/cm3和孔隙率为16％的多孔体。
在600℃的温度和10MPa的压力下，通过熔融铝合金(AlSi12)渗透该多孔体之后，产生了堆密度为1.98g/cm3、金属部分为17％和摩擦系数为μ＝0.2的多孔体。
根据摩擦衬片材料的第四示例性实施方式，制备了基于粒径D50为30μm的石油焦形成的多孔体，将酚醛树脂加入到多孔体中以产生混合物。在将该混合物压实以形成模压制品，并在950℃的温度下进行热解后，在3000℃的温度下在另一步骤中将如此形成的多孔体石墨化。因此，产生了堆密度为1.85g/cm3和孔隙率为17％的多孔体。
在600℃的温度和10MPa的压力下，通过熔融铝合金(AlSi12)渗透该多孔体之后，产生了堆密度为2.19g/cm3、金属部分为15.5％和摩擦系数为μ＝0.11的摩擦衬片材料。

Claims (14)

1.一种具有多孔体的摩擦衬片材料，所述多孔体的孔填充有填充材料，其特征在于
所述多孔体基于石油焦而形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述填充材料作为含金属、陶瓷或半金属的材料而形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为5至50％、堆密度为1.5至5g/cm3和金属部分为5至70wt％的多孔体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为10至30％、堆密度为2.0至2.5g/cm3和金属部分为10至50wt％的多孔体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为15至20％、堆密度为2.2至2.4g/cm3和铜部分为20至30wt％的多孔体。
6.根据权利要求4所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为25至30％、堆密度为2.2至2.4g/cm3和铜部分为25至45wt％的多孔体。
7.根据权利要求4所述的摩擦衬片材料，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片材料包括孔隙率为10至20％、堆密度为1.9至2.4g/cm3和金属部分由5至25wt％的铝合金形成的多孔体。
8.一种摩擦衬片，其特征在于
所述摩擦衬片由根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的摩擦衬片材料制成。
9.一种制备摩擦衬片材料的方法，其中将包含石油焦和含碳的粘结剂的混合物压实，随后在800℃至1500℃的温度下进行热解，以产生多孔体，随后用熔融填充材料填充在所述多孔体中形成的孔填充。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于
将合成树脂、焦油或沥青作为粘结剂使用。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于
将陶瓷材料，特别是含碳化硅或氧化铝的材料作为填充材料使用。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于
将半金属材料，特别是含硼或硅的材料作为填充材料使用。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于
将金属，特别是铜，或者金属合金，特别是含铝合金的材料作为填充材料使用。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于
将所述多孔体在热解之后并填充有填充材料之前石墨化。
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CN113508244A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2021-10-15 米巴摩擦技术有限公司 摩擦结构组件
CN113508244B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2023-09-29 米巴摩擦技术有限公司 摩擦结构组件
CN112539234A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2021-03-23 科弗伦有限公司 用于铁路车辆的盘/制动器摩擦扭矩
CN112126825A (zh) * 2020-08-10 2020-12-25 宁波悦威液压科技有限公司 一种液压缸消声器及其制备工艺

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US10591010B2 (en) 2020-03-17
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BR112017017224A2 (pt) 2018-04-03
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