US3610084A - String for stringed instruments and method of making same - Google Patents

String for stringed instruments and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3610084A
US3610084A US853658A US3610084DA US3610084A US 3610084 A US3610084 A US 3610084A US 853658 A US853658 A US 853658A US 3610084D A US3610084D A US 3610084DA US 3610084 A US3610084 A US 3610084A
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United States
Prior art keywords
string
core
tension
rope
covering
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Expired - Lifetime
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US853658A
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English (en)
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Wigbert Behringer
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/10—Strings

Definitions

  • a string for stringed instruments having equal torsion rigidity in both directions of rotation includes an elastically resilient coarse-pitch tension bearing rope-shaped core composed of synthetic continuous filaments of plastic material rope core which is provided with at least one less pitched covering layer composed of round wires or flat bands.
  • the rope consists of threads with a breaking elongation in the range of 9 to 15 percent, a tensile strength in the range of 80 to 110 kg./mm. and a modulus of elasticity in the range of 1150 to 1350 kg./mm.
  • the rope is covered with each covering layer while it is stretched under a tension corresponding to at least its expected subsequent tension on the instrument.
  • This invention relates to a string for stringed musical instruments having equal torsion rigidity in both directions of rotation and comprising an elastically resilient, high pitch, and rope type twisted core composed of fully synthetic filaments, which is provided with at least one covering made up of round wires or fiat bands and having a lower pitch.
  • strings have been developed using a steel wire as the tension bearing member.
  • the steel wire may be blank or be provided with one or more metallic covering layers. While steel strings do not creep and therefore need less tuning, they do, however, have the drawback that they are less elastic than gut strings because they have a high elasticity module, and thus are more inflexible and feel harder under the finger. Often, the volume of sound from steel wire strings is unsatisfactory.
  • the elasticity module of the endless core filaments must be on the order of 1150 to 1350 kgs./mm.
  • the covering is generally laid crosswise to the core, such that in the last analysis the torsion rigidity of the strings is equal in both directions. This equality of torsion rigidity is readily achieved by syntonizing the length of twist and the angle of twist of the core to those the covering.
  • the core of the E string of a violin according to my invention advantageously has a total denier of 1435 and consists of 7 individual endless filament of 205 denier each.
  • Fully synthetic endless cores consisting of polyamide filaments, I particularly nylon 6, and polyester filaments also have been very successfully used.
  • polyurethene filaments and polyethylene filaments may be employed.
  • Covering strands may be round wires with dimensions between 0.03 and 0.35 mm. for violin to contrabass respectively, and/or flat bands of aluminum alloys, e.g. AlMg 5, chromium nickel steel, pure nickel, pure silver, aluminum silver alloys, copper and other conventional covering materials. Metal wrappings are preferred to woven fabrics in most circumstances.
  • the method of porducing a string of the present invention comprises covering a high pitched, rope-shaped core with at least one round wire or flat band layer under a specific tension such that the torsion rigidity of the string is equal in both directions of rotation.
  • This tension will correspond in magnitude to the expected subsequent tension of the string on the instrument.
  • a second covering layer is wound about the first covering layer in a direction crosswise to the first covering layer to thereby secure the first covering layer firmly in position thus assuing the same torsion rigidity of the string in both directions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a string according to my invention wherein the string has both a first and second covering layer.
  • FIG. 1 a string for a musical instrument according to my invention comprising a core 10, a first covering layer and a second covering layer 30.
  • the core 10 consists of a twisted or stranded high pitch twist bundle of fully synthetic endless filaments 12 having a breaking elongation generally in the range of 9 to 15%, and a tensile strength of about 80 to 110 kgs./mm.
  • a breaking elongation generally in the range of 9 to 15%
  • a tensile strength of about 80 to 110 kgs./mm.
  • core filaments 12 having a module of elasticity of 1150 to 1350 kgs./mm. It is important that the breaking elongation of the endless core filaments 12 be 15% or less so that the danger of the covering 20 and 30 coming loose from the core will be avoided.
  • the fully synthetic endless cores 10 may consist of filaments of polyamide material particularly nylon 6, 10 or a polyester filament.
  • Other examples of synthetic materials for the core filaments 12 include polyurethane and polyethylene.
  • the filaments 12 of the core 10 are twisted together in one direction to form a very tight core. If a bundle of nylon filaments 12 are used as a starting point as for example in the production of a violin string, the core 10 has about 30 to 50 complete twists per meter of length.
  • the covering layers 20 and 30 are generally laid crosswise to the core so that the torsion rigidity of the strings is equal in both directions of rotation so that the response through the how will 'be equal as it is played over the string in both directions.
  • This equality of torsion rigidity is readily achieved by syntonizing the length of twist and the angle of twist of the core to the length of twist and the angle of twist of the coverings 20 and/or 30'.
  • maintaining the breaking elongation factor of the core filaments to 15 or less avoids any danger of the coverings loosening from the core.
  • the covering materials may include either round wire strands such as shown at 22 or flat bands such as indicated at 32.
  • round wires with dimensions between 0.03 and 0.35 millimeter for a violin to contrabass respectively produce excellent results.
  • These round wires 22 may be of conventional material.
  • aluminum alloys e.g. AlMg 5
  • chromium nickel steel, pure nickel, pure silver, aluminum-silver alloys, copper, and other conventional metal covering materials perform very well.
  • nonmetallic conventional covering and materials I prefer the metal wrappings to woven fabrics.
  • To wrap the core 10 one or more parallel covering wires are employed depending upon the desired final torsion strength.
  • a finished thin E string of a violin has a diameter of about 0.54 mm., while the diameter of a bass string may be as large as 3.9 mm. Regardless of the size however, each string according to my invention produces a pure, pleasant soft tone of great sonority. Moreover, the string responds very well and does not resonate when the tones are changed rapidly. In all, the string of my invention encompasses all the advantages of the elastic playability of gut strings with none of the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the core filaments being of various size and twisted to varying degrees depending upon their use, may have residual stresses that produce a certain amount of unbalanced torsional moment which must be compensated in the string so that the finished string has the same torsional rigidity in both directions of rotation.
  • this unbalanced torsional moment may be compensated for in a number of ways by the component elements of my invention depending upon the core size, pitch and filament size and material.
  • the moment may be olfset by wrapping the first covering layer in a direction opposite or crosswise of the direction of the core filaments.
  • An additional second layer may also be provided in the same direction as the first layer.
  • the first covering layer of fine round wire may be wound in the same direction as the core but of a higher pitch and the second covering layer of flat bands may be then wound in the opposite or crosswise direction.
  • the covering or combinations of covering must likewise have no unbalanced torsional moment.
  • the general steps in the method of producing the string according to my invention comprises twisting a bundle of parallel pre-st ressed filaments into a coarse pitch-ropeshaped core 10, applying a substantial tension in the twisted core and Wrapping a covering about the core with at least one round wire or flat band.
  • the tension of the covering and core must be such that the torsion rigidity of the string is equal in both directions of rotation.
  • the magnitude of this tension according to my method corresponds to at least the expected subsequent tension on the string when it is placed on the instrument.
  • the core comprises fully synthetic endless filaments having a breaking elongation in the range of 9 to 15%, a tensile strength of about 80-110 kgs./mm.'- and a module of elasticity of about 1150 to 1350 kgs./mm
  • the torsional rigidity of the string be equal in both directions so that the qualities will be the same regardless of which direction the bow is drawn and thus the first covering layer may be wound on the core in either the same direction, but with a higher pitch or in an opposite direction.
  • the first covering layer may be wound on the core in either the same direction, but with a higher pitch or in an opposite direction.
  • Tension on the various elements will of course, be maintained at a magnitude at least equal to the expected strain on the string when in operative position on the instrument.
  • a string for a stringed instrument having equal torsion rigidity in both directions of rotation comprising a resilient, tension bearing core formed of a plurality of steeply wound twisted fully synthetic continuous threads and at least one less pitched covering layer of wire means thereabout, said core consisting of fully synthetic endless threads with a breaking elongation in the range of 9 to 15 percent and a tensile strength in the range of to kg./mm. wherein said core bears a substantial portion of the tension on said string when placed on the instrument.
  • a string for a stringed instrument according to claim 1 wherein each of said covering layers is applied to said core when said core is tensioned at least equal to the I expected subsequent tension on the string when it is in place on the stringed instrument.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
US853658A 1968-08-28 1969-08-28 String for stringed instruments and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US3610084A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT834668A AT309188B (de) 1968-08-28 1968-08-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Saite für Streichinstrumente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3610084A true US3610084A (en) 1971-10-05

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US853658A Expired - Lifetime US3610084A (en) 1968-08-28 1969-08-28 String for stringed instruments and method of making same

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US (1) US3610084A (de)
AT (1) AT309188B (de)
DE (2) DE6800230U (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4109334A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-11-12 Alexander Aladin Diskantsaitensatz fuer klassische gitarre und flamenco-gitarre
US20020177888A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2002-11-28 Medtronic, Inc. Helix rotation by traction
US20050188813A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-01 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Musical String
US20090064840A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-12 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Music string
US20090223344A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft m.b.H. A musical string
US20110174134A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2011-07-21 Gustav Pirazzi & Comp. Kg Musical instrument string including synthetic spider silk
US20110219933A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Musical string
EP2704136A1 (de) 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Larsen Strings A/S Dämpfungs- und Bindemittel für Musiksaiten
WO2020078544A1 (en) 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Larsen Strings A/S Method and apparatus for artificial playing-in a musical instrument string and method and apparatus for producing a musical instrument string
IT201900014895A1 (it) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-21 Mimmo Peruffo Corda per strumenti musicali ad arco
US11455976B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-09-27 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for producing a musical string

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT388462B (de) * 1988-02-26 1989-06-26 Thomastik & Mitarb Musiksaite
WO2019034263A1 (de) 2017-08-18 2019-02-21 Larsen Strings A/S Musiksaite
DE102020131813B3 (de) 2020-12-01 2021-03-25 Tempera Strings GmbH Saite für ein Streichinstrument und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Saite für ein Streichinstrument

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4109334A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-11-12 Alexander Aladin Diskantsaitensatz fuer klassische gitarre und flamenco-gitarre
US5610348A (en) * 1991-03-21 1997-03-11 Aladin; Alexander Construction of the discant strings for the classic and the flamenco guitar
US20020177888A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2002-11-28 Medtronic, Inc. Helix rotation by traction
US7092764B2 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-08-15 Medtronic, Inc. Helix rotation by traction
US20050188813A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-01 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Musical String
US20110174134A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2011-07-21 Gustav Pirazzi & Comp. Kg Musical instrument string including synthetic spider silk
US7947885B2 (en) * 2007-09-05 2011-05-24 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Music string
US20090064840A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-12 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Music string
US20090223344A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft m.b.H. A musical string
US20110219933A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Musical string
EP2704136A1 (de) 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Larsen Strings A/S Dämpfungs- und Bindemittel für Musiksaiten
US9728169B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-08-08 Larsen Strings A/S Acoustic dampening for musical strings; use, method, and string
WO2020078544A1 (en) 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Larsen Strings A/S Method and apparatus for artificial playing-in a musical instrument string and method and apparatus for producing a musical instrument string
IT201900014895A1 (it) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-21 Mimmo Peruffo Corda per strumenti musicali ad arco
WO2021033142A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Mimmo Peruffo String for bowed musical instruments
US11455976B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-09-27 Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for producing a musical string

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE6800230U (de) 1971-09-23
AT309188B (de) 1973-08-10
DE1800355A1 (de) 1970-04-23

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