US3607609A - Artificial leather made of collagen fibers mixed with synthetic fibers and method of making same - Google Patents

Artificial leather made of collagen fibers mixed with synthetic fibers and method of making same Download PDF

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US3607609A
US3607609A US593289A US3607609DA US3607609A US 3607609 A US3607609 A US 3607609A US 593289 A US593289 A US 593289A US 3607609D A US3607609D A US 3607609DA US 3607609 A US3607609 A US 3607609A
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fibers
percent
bonding agent
web
amount
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Ladislav Bogdanovicz
Zdenek Eckmayer
Zdenek Hrabal
Radko Krcma
Vaclav Mrstina
Antonin Pavlik
Rudolf Vilcek
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Svit np
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/30—Collagen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/482—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with shrinkage
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • D06N3/0018—Collagen fibres or collagen on fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to leather substitutes and to their manufacture, and particularly to an artificial leather prepared from tannery waste and like collagen-bearing material.
  • An object of the invention is the provision of a leather substitute which has all the necessary mechanical properties for use in shoe uppers and in leather clothing, more specifically high resistance to repeated bending (absence of fiexural fatigue), high tear strength and resistance to propagation of tears under stress.
  • Another object is the provision of a leather substitute which has the permeability to air and water vapor characteristic of the natural product.
  • Yet another object is the provision of a leather substitute which has the softness, suppleness, hand, and foldability of the grades of leather preferred in good leather clothing.
  • An additional object is the provision of a leather substitute which can be made from inexpensive raw materials in a simple manner.
  • this invention in one of its aspects resides in a leather substitute which is basically a nonwoven fabric structure and whose fiber base consists of a major amount of collagen fibers at least 1 centimeter long and of a minor amount of manmade fibers, preferably staple fibers chopped to a length substantially greater than the length of the collagen fibers.
  • the various types of fibers are entangled with each other in a three-dimensional pattern, and are bonded to each other by an adhesive.
  • the invention in another aspect, resides in a method of making a leather substitute in which the aforementioned fibers are first mixed with each other, then formed into a web, and tangled while in the web form before they are adhesively bonded to each other by means of an adhesive which has the necessary affinity for collagen fibers.
  • the machines conventionally employed in the making of nonwoven fabrics, battings, or felts may be used for performing the method.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Split from the flesh side of cowhide shoulders was limed in the tannery in the usual manner and washed in running water. It was then cut into pieces about 4 inches square and delimed in a 0.3 percent ammonium sulfate solution at a liquor ratio of 200 percent and a temperature of 25 C. After about four hours, the operation was terminated, and deliming had progressed to about two-thirds in the heavier pieces.
  • the pieces were then immersed in a solution containing 2 percent of a proteolytic enzyme on the weight of the pelt pieces and a liquor ratio of 200 percent.
  • the enzyme had a strength of 833 casein units and was applied for 24 hours.
  • the bath was then replaced by a fresh enzyme solution of the same composition, the treatment was continued for an additional period of 24 hours, and was followed by washing in running water at 25 C.
  • the pieces were then pickled for two hours in an aqueous bath containing 7 percent sodium chloride and 1.5 percent sulfuric acid, and were thereafter tanned for 1 hour in a liquor-containing alum to a basicity of 40 Sch. (Schorlemmer), containing 2 percent chromium trioxide on the weight of the pieces, and neutralized by 0.4 percent soda.
  • the tanned material was washed in clean running water for 2 hours.
  • the collagen fibers were then separated from each other by passing the tanned pieces suspended in 5 times their weight of water through a horizontal disc-type disintegrator, and the fibers were separated from excess water by passing the pulp discharged from the disintegrator between rubber coated rolls.
  • the collected fibers were ultimately dried at room temperature to equilibrium with the ambient air.
  • the collagen fibers obtained had an average length of somewhat more than i centimeter.
  • the synthetic fibers had a length of 6 cm. and a denier count of 3.5, and amounted to one-quarter of the collagen fibers. Sections of the laminar fiber stack obtained were passed over an opener for mixing the two types of fibers.
  • the fiber mixture was fed to a roller card provided with medium-fine card clothing and a crosser lapper which laid the carded fleece to a weight of 200 grams per square meter.
  • the collagen fibers and polypropylene fibers were intimately mixed in the resulting web, and the latter was passed through a needle-punching machine of the type conventionally employed in making felt of synthetic fibers.
  • the fabric gained substantial mechanical strength by this treatment and was then exposed to live saturated steam for five minutes by continuous passage through a shrinking chamber from which it was led through a drying chamber, and then through a solution of a polyurethane bonding agent prepared in the following manner:
  • the solution ultimately produced contained approximately 20 percent nonvolatile material or binder solids which had free isocyanate groups.
  • the dry fiber material was impregnated with the bonding agent to a pickup of 65 percent, and was then passed through water to precipitate the resin and to remove the excess of dimethylformamide solvent. The thoroughly washed impregnated web was then dried, and its surface was polished.
  • the product obtained had the appearance of natural leather suitable for shoe uppers. It could be embossed to simulate grain or otherwise finished.
  • the following properties were characteristic of several batches of the material prepared under conditions similar to those outline above, but with varying amounts of binder solids.
  • EXAMPLE 2 the hair side from the hide pieces, liming was completed by soaking 48 hours in a solution of 3.5 percent calcium hydroxide and 3.5 percent sodium sulfate, whereupon 5 percent sodium hydroxide on the weight of the hide cuttings were added, and soaking was continued for 48 hours. The limed material was then washed in running water for about 2 to 4 hours, and further worked up to produce collagen fibers as described in example 1.
  • the collagen fibers were mixed with percent Dacron polyester staple fibers of 3.5 denier and 60 mm. length and with 20 percent viscose rayon staple fibers of 3.5 denier and 60 mm. length by layering and opening as described in example 1.
  • the mixture was converted to a web by suspending the fibers in a stream of air and depositing them at random on a traveling screen at a rate of 150 grams per square meter.
  • the web obtained was reinforced by stitch bonding the same with nylon yarn on a machine similar to a warp knitting machine in which binding yarns were passed back and forth through the web by means of latch needles in the form of loops closely similar to the loops of warp knit material.
  • the reinforced nonwoven fabric was passed through a conventional saturator and impregnated with a polyurethane binder as described in example 1. It was drummed dry in a manner conventional in leather finishing.
  • the product obtained had the appearance and hand of soft leather, and was suitable for making blouses, coats, and overcoats, also as a lining for fur coats.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A material suitable for shoe linings, insoles, and slip soles was made from collagen fibers prepared as described in example l which were mixed with percent polyvinyl chloride fibers and made into a web by air deposition to a weight of 400 grams per square meter.
  • the web was reinforced by stitch bonding with nylon yarn in an amount sufficient to make the nylon content of the stitched material 8 percent. It was passed through a water tank at 90 C. for a dwell time of 60 to 120 seconds for shrinkage, dried, and impregnated with a polyamide bonding agent on a saturator in the manner described in example 1.
  • the bonding agent or binder was prepared by depolymerizing a polyamide resin in an alcoholic medium with paraformaldehyde at 90 C. Phosphoric acid was then added as a catalyst and the temperature was raised to 140 C. while the reaction mixture was stirred. It was then poured into water, whereby a modified polyamide resin was precipitated. It was washed with water to remove all phosphoric acid, dried, and dissolved in methanol to which 10 percent dioctyl phthalate on the weight of the polyamide was added. The solution was employed as a binder which was applied to the collagen-polyvinyl chloride web and was cured by evaporation of the methanol at a temperature of 90-l00 C. on a conventional padding machine.
  • Resin content 30-35%
  • Tensile strength 0.7-l .2 kg. per mm.
  • Elongation 40-701
  • Stitch tearing strength 4.8-5.2 kg. per mm.
  • Water absorptivity 60- l 00% 2-3 mg. per hour per cm. 3.2-4.3 kg. per mm.
  • the collagen fibers must not be shorter than 1 centimeter, and it is necessary that the collagen fibers be entangled or interlaced in a three-dimensional pattern with the manmade fibers in the leather substitute which is produced when a web of mixed fibers is adhesively bonded by binders of which only a few preferred examples have been referred to by way of example.
  • the binders conventionally employed in the making of nonwoven fabrics are applicable at least to some extent to this invention, but preliminary tests are advisable to select a binder of good adhesion to collagen where full mechanical strength is to be achieved.
  • the polyurethane and polyamide binders more specifically described above have been found to yield the strongest leather substitutes among many adhesives tested, but excellent adhesion to collagen fibers is also obtained by adhesives which are based on polyurethane, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and resorcinol formaldehyde resins.
  • the binder should contribute 20 percent to 50 percent of the total weight of the leatherlike product.
  • Needle punching with or without the introduction of yarn stitches into the nonwoven base fabric enhances entanglement of the collagen fibers and synthetic fibers, and shrinking of the web by immersion in water or steaming contributes to interlocking of the fibers in a manner known in itself.
  • a leather substitute comprising:
  • a resinous bonding agent comprising between 20 to 50 percent by weight of said fibers adhesively bonding said fibers to each other in a nonwoven fabric structure.
  • a leather substitute as set forth in claim 1, wherein said manmade fibers are chopped staple fibers of viscose rayon, polyalkylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, or acrylic polymer.
  • the method of making a leather substitute which comprises the steps of a. Preparing in substantially dry form a major amount of collagen fibers having a length of at least one centimeter with a minor amount of synthetic fibers;
  • the synthetic fibers are chopped staple fibers of this viscous rayon, polyalkylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, and acrylic polymer.
  • said bonding agent is a polyurethane having approximately 20 percent nonvolatile solids having free isocyanate groups.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
US593289A 1965-11-13 1966-11-10 Artificial leather made of collagen fibers mixed with synthetic fibers and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US3607609A (en)

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US (1) US3607609A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1619288A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1506366A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1147657A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE316142B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5346934A (en) * 1992-12-21 1994-09-13 Chriss Henry T Footwear additive made from recycled materials
DE4344680A1 (de) * 1993-12-27 1995-06-29 Benecke Kaliko Ag Verbundmaterial, insbesondere zur Verwendung als Schuh-Innenmaterial
US20070186352A1 (en) * 2004-04-10 2007-08-16 Liwen Zhang Yarn of animal collagen fiber and manufacture process thereof
US20080072628A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2008-03-27 Tianwei Textile Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Kind of Yarn of Leather and Its Production Process
US20100136273A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2010-06-03 Prieto Miguel A Reactively-coupled articles and related methods
CN103266425A (zh) * 2013-04-08 2013-08-28 江阴骏华纺织科技有限公司 一种高压高密度胶原纤维再生皮及其制造方法
US20150292148A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-10-15 North Carolina State University Methods of forming an artificial leather substrate from leather waste and products therefrom
US10124543B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-13 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
US10131096B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-20 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
US10138595B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-27 Sustainable Composites, LLC Dispersion processing aids for the formation of a leather material
US10577670B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2020-03-03 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
US10618199B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2020-04-14 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
EP3839120A3 (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-09-15 Gelatex Technologies OÜ Gelatin-based nanofibrous non-woven material
US11377765B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2022-07-05 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
US11499267B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2022-11-15 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
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DE4344680A1 (de) * 1993-12-27 1995-06-29 Benecke Kaliko Ag Verbundmaterial, insbesondere zur Verwendung als Schuh-Innenmaterial
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US8328878B2 (en) * 2004-04-10 2012-12-11 Liwen Zhang Yarn of animal collagen fiber and manufacture process thereof
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US20150292148A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-10-15 North Carolina State University Methods of forming an artificial leather substrate from leather waste and products therefrom
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US10124543B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-13 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
US10131096B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-20 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
US10138595B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-11-27 Sustainable Composites, LLC Dispersion processing aids for the formation of a leather material
US10577670B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2020-03-03 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
US10618199B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2020-04-14 Sustainable Composites, LLC High strength leather material
US11377765B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2022-07-05 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
US11499267B1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2022-11-15 Sustainable Composites, LLC High-strength and tear-resistant leather materials and methods of manufacture
EP3839120A3 (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-09-15 Gelatex Technologies OÜ Gelatin-based nanofibrous non-woven material
US20240191408A1 (en) * 2021-04-13 2024-06-13 Chiorino Technology S.P.A. Dry methods for producing a nonwoven fabric from tanned leather waste

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GB1147657A (en) 1969-04-02
SE316142B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-10-20
FR1506366A (fr) 1967-12-22
DE1619288A1 (de) 1970-12-03

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