US3604197A

US3604197A - Multicolored yarns made from blend of different denier fibers

Info

Publication number: US3604197A
Application number: US842019A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hideto Sekiguchi; Tomohide Matsumoto; Masanobu Hoten; Hideo Kawasaki
Original assignee: American Cyanamid Co
Current assignee: Wyeth Holdings LLC
Priority date: 1969-07-15
Filing date: 1969-07-15
Publication date: 1971-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 1988-09-14

Abstract

Multicolored yarns comprising a blend of (a) first fibers of first denier and color and (b) second fibers of second denier and color, said second denier being higher than said first denier, said second color being different from said first color, the blend proportions being such that said second fibers do not exceed in quantity the weight of said first fibers in said blend, and the two deniers having a mathematical relationship, one to the other.

Description

United States Patent Inventors l-lldeto Seklguchl Saidaiji; Tomohide Matsumoto, Saidaiji; Masanobu Hoten, Saida iji; Hideo Kawasaki, Nishinomiya, all of, Japan Appl. No. 842,019

Filed July 15, 1969 Patented Sept. 14, 1971 Assignee American Cyanamid Company Stamford, Conn.

MULTICOLORED YARNS MADE FROM BLEND OF DIFFERENT DENIER FIBERS 10 Claims, No Drawings U.S. Cl 57/140 BY, 28/72.17, 57/153 Int. Cl D02g 1/18, D023 3/02, D02g 3/24 Fieldoi Search ..57/l53, 140

R, 140 BY, 157 R, 157 MS; 28/72.17

Primary Examiner.lohn Petrakes Altorney-William J. Van Loo ABSTRACT: Multicolored yarns comprising a blend of (a) first fibers of first denier and color and (b) second fibers of second denier and color, said second denier being higher than said first denier, said second color being different from said first color, the blend proportions being such that said second fibers do not exceed in quantity the weight of said first fibers in said blend, and the two deniers having a mathematical relationship, one to the other.

MULTICOLORED YARNS MADE FROM BLEND OF DIFFERENT DENIER FIBERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention is in the field of textiles and, more particularly, in the field of fibers and yarns.

Prior to the present invention various methods have been proposed for the production multicolored textile products. in one method, for example, a quantity of fiber is divided into portions, each portion is dyed with a different color, and the dyed portions are blended and spun into a multicolored yarn which, after fabrication such as by weaving, knitting, etc.,

yields a multicolored product. Another method consists of the steps of blending dyed fiber with similar undyed fiber, spinning the resulting blend into yarn, and subsequently dyeing the undyed fiber, prior to or subsequent to fabrication, with a dye of color dissimilar from that employed with the for 10.0221 215.0 i

0.87 log 11 0.20 109D f0.57 log d+ 0.74.

In order that the proper ratio of deniers can be readily understood, various values of denier d of fiber (a), as discussed hereinabove, are arbitrarily selected and the corresponding values of denier D for fiber (b) are calculated according to formulas l and ll, given above. The calculated values are given below in table 1.

previously dyed fiber, thus producing a multicolored product.

In still another method, fibers with dissimilar dyeing properties are blended, the blend is spun into a yarn, and the yarn, or fabricated article obtained therefrom, is subsequently dyed taking advantage of the dissimilar dyeing properties to yield a multicolored product.

The multicolored products obtained by the conventional methods are far from satisfactory with respect to the definition or contrast of the various colors present. Although two or, more colors are present in the resulting products, visual perception of the distinct colors is not possible except upon very close examination. ln most instances the so-called multicolored products appear to be of a single predominant color containing some shade variations and the individual colors are blurred. In some instances, the color visualized would appear to be that resulting from blending of the dyes prior to dyeing rather than from blending of fibers of different colors. This lack of definition or contrast of the individual colors present gives rise to a situation where products that in fact are multicolored do not have in effect the appearance of multicolored products. The present invention provides yarns that are multicolored both in fact and in effect.

SUMMARY, INCLUDING PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ln accordance with the present invention, there is provided. multicolored yarns of novel color effects, said yarn comprising a blend of from about 95 percent to about 50 percent by weight, of said blend, of a first fiber of one color, said first fiber having a denier d, and, correspondingly, from about percent to about 50, by weight, of said blend, of a second fiber of a color different from that of said first fiber, said second f ber having a denier I), said denier d being lower than said denier D and ranging from 1.5. to 15.0, with said second denier l) satisfying the relationship:

(I for l.5d3.0 1.0.87 log d +0.20log DL39 logd+0.35, and

(2) for 302112150 0.87 logd+0.200.57 logd+0.74.

Thus, for the realization of multicolored yarns of novel color effects, it is not only necessary that the fibers of the blend be of different deniers and proportions, but it is also necessary that a specific ratio of deniers be satisfied. When the deniers are outside the specific ratios specified, the novel color effects are not obtained. When the fiber, proportions are not within the range specified, either novel color effects are not achieved or spinability of the yarn is adversely affected.

While the proportions of blend fibers and the denier rela-. tionships thereof given above encompass the multicolored}, yarns of novel color effects of the present invention, even more striking novel color effects are obtained when the proportions of (a) as defined above, are limited to from about 95 percent to 85 percent by weight, of said blend, the proportions of (b) as defined above, are limited to from about 5 percent to about percent, by weight, of said blend, and the relationship satisfied by said denier D is:

TABLE! Calculated Values of D For Selected Values of d Calculated Values for Denier D i Selected Minimum Maximum Preferred 0 Denierd Value Value Value Calculated from fgrmu la l, V g 2 Calculated from formula II.

3 Obtained equally from either portion of fonnula l. 3 5 iQbteiq q llv freq! s hqtnarti ns iarmt bL Although the particular factor responsible for the novel icolor effects observed is not known for certain, it is felt that ythe novel color effects result from the particular yarn struclture, i.e. the presence of fibers of different denier in specific proportions resulting in the fiber of higher denier tending to emerge of the yarn surface.

, The novel color effects obtainable by the present invention I may be further enhanced when the fiber of higher denier has a lower shrinkage and a lower crimp number than the fiber of ;lower denier. Similarly, improved results are obtained when 5 the fiber of lower denier is a composite fiber and the fiber of higher denier is a monocomponent fiber of relatively low crimp number. Especially beneficial results are obtained when :the fiber of lower denier is an acrylic fiber which has high shrinkage and was drafted by means of a Turbo-Stapler i (usually at a draft of 1.15 to 1.50), the fiber of higher denier has low shrinkage, and the yarn is subsequently dyed in two colors. in such instance at the elevated dyeing temperature the yarn of lower denier undergoes greater shrinkage than the fiber of higher denier with the result that the former fiber tends to collect in the core of the yarn and the latter fiber tends to emergeto the yarn surface. The result is that the eflfect of the spinning operation due to denier variations are 5 reinforced to provide novel color effects of greater definition and contrast.

The novel color effects of the yarn of the present invention are not limited. to two-color dyeings but are also pronounced in products constructed of multicolored yarns of the present 'invention. These multicolored yarns are readily achieved by T substituting for partof a fiber of one color and denier an equal part of a similar fiber of different color but same denier, by

substituting for part of the fiber of one denier an equal part of a fiber of different dyeing characteristics but same denier, or by employing, where appropriate, a composite fiber whose components have different dyeing characteristics, for exampie.

The fibers that may be employed in spinning yarns of the present invention generally include synthetic fibers made from high polymers such as polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile,

- etc. Particularly superior yarns, featuring sharp color contrasts, are obtained when fibers of polyacrylonitrile or its copolymers, which are excellent in dyeability, are employed.

In selecting fibers defined as (a) and (b), hereinabove, it is I not necessary that fibers (a) and (b) be of the same type. Thus, it is possible to use as fiber (a), for example, acrylic fibers dyeable with acid dye such as fibers of acrylonitrile copolymer containing such basic comonomers as vinyl pyridine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, etc., and as fiber (b) any acrylic fiber dyeable with basic dye such as fibers of acrylonitrile copolymers containing such acidic comonomers as allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, itaconic acid, etc. An alternative combination may be one of,, as fiber (a), polyester or polyamide fiber with, as fiber (b), an acrylic fiber. Numerous other combinations are possible. Especially desirable are combinations wherein the two fibers have dissimilar dyeing characteristics so that advantage may be taken of a one-bath method for dyeing both fibers in different colors.

Once the fiber types have been blended and spun in accordance with the present invention, it is contemplated to ef-i fect coloration thereof according to usual techniques. Thus, the two fiber types may be dyed prior to spinning, one type of fiber may be dyed prior to spinning and the other type or types dyed subsequent to spinning or fabrication, or fibers of dis similar dyeing properties may be employed in undyed state in I spinning, with dyeing being efi'ected after spinning or fabrica-. tion. 1 The invention is illustrated by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLES 1-2 Preparation of Fiber (a) 40 Staple acrylic fibers having a denier of 2.5, prepared from an acrylonitrile copolymer containing 91 percent acrylonitrile, 8.8 percent methyl acrylate, and 0.2 percent allylsulfonic acid, are dyed as follows:

Dyebath: 0.1 percent O.W.F.

O.W.F. on weight ot'dry fiber.C. I. Basic Orange 2| 1.0 percent O.W.F. Levegal PAN retarder (Bayer, Germany) 1 2.0 percent O.W.F. acetic acid 10.0 percent O.W.F. sodium sulfate Liquor/Fiber ratio: 20/1 The dyebath temperature is increased from 70 to 100 C. at the rate of 0.5 C./minute and maintained at 100 C. for 30 minutes.

Preparation of Fiber (b) Staple acrylic fibers of the same copolymer used immediate- 1y above but in lots of denier sizes 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 10 are dyed in separate lots as follows:

Dyebath:

5 percent O.W.F. Sumiacryl Black FFP Cationic Dye (Sumitomo, Japan) 2 percent O.W.F. acetic acid 5 percent O.W.F. sodium sulfate Liquor/Fiber ratio: 20/1 The dyebath temperature is increased from 70 C. to 100 C. at the rate of 1 C./minute and maintained at 100 C. for minutes.

Ynrn Preparation The various black fiber lots ofllber (b) are blended with the yellow-orange fiber (a) and spun into doubleply yarns having a yarn count of 32. Certain of the resulting yarns because of' fiber proportions or yarn deniers are outside the scope of the present invention and indicate comparative examples.

The various yarns spun above and the properties thereof are 0 El?! qyiri 99 931- TABLE II.COLOR EFFECTS AND SPINNABILITY Although all of the spun yarns contain two colors, it can be seen that they differ considerably from each other in color contrast. It can be readily seen that when the fiber used in minor amounts in these yarns is of a denier that is too low, poor color contrasts are obtained. It can also be seen that when the fiber used in minor amounts in these yarns is ofa dejnier that is too high, not only is color contrast poor but spinnability is also poor.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Fiber (a) parts of undyed acrylic fibers of 3 denier prepared from the same copolymer as in example 1 are employed. 36 parts of the above (40 percent) are stretched by a Turbo-Stapler at a draft of 1.31 to have a shrinkage after boiling of 22 percent.

I Preparation of Fiber (b) 10 parts of staple acrylic fibers of 4.5 denier prepared from a copolymer of 90 percent acrylonitrile, 7 percent methyl acrylate, and 3 percent N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, are dyed as follows:

Dyebath:

3 percent O.W.F. C. 1. Acid Red 167 3 percent O.W.F. sulfuric acid 10 percent O.W.F. sodium sulfate Liquor/Fiber ratio: 20/1 The dyeing bath temperature is increased from 70 C. to C. at the rate of 1 C./minute and maintained at 100 C. for 60 minutes. Yarn Preparation Fiber (a) and fiber (b) in the proportions stated are spun into yarn. The yarn is then prepared as a fabric by plain knitting. The resulting knitted fabric is then dyed as follows:

Dyebath:

0.2 percent O.W.F. C. I. Basic Orange 21 2.0 percent O.W.F. acetic acid 1.0 percent O.W.F. Levegal PAN Liquor/Fiber ratio: 20/1 The dyebath temperature is increased from 70 C. to 100 C. at the rate of 0.5 C./minute and maintained at 100 C. for

. 40 minutes.

The resulting dyed fabric has a highly contrasting twocolored pattern with red fibers appearing outstandingly brilliant against the sharp orange-yellow background. Due to the shrinkage of the fiber stretched by the Turbo-Stapler, the

knitted fabric has good bulk with the heavier fiber emerging onto the surface so as to enhance further the color contrast.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of Fiber (a) 70 parts of a 3 denier acrylic fiber prepared from the same copolymer as in example 1 are employed in undyed state.

Yarn Preparation A double-ply yarn of yarn count 20 is spun. The spun yarn is then dyed as follows:

Dyebath:

2 percent O.W.F. Maxilon Scarlet 2GL (J. R. Geigy, Switzerland) 0.8 percent O.W.F. C. 1. Acid Yellow 29 3 percent O.W.F. acetic acid 1 gram/liter Noigen ET 170 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) Liquor/Fiber ratio: 50/1 The dyebath temperature is increased from 70 C. to 100 C. at the rate of 05 CJminute and maintained at 100 C. for 45 minutes.

The dyed yarn is of red and y 110w color. The bright yellow of the heavier fiber stands out conspicuously, also rendering the red color brilliant. As a result, a sharp color contrast is obtained.

When the above procedure is followed in every detail except that the denier of fiber (b) is 3, there is obtained a yarn showing a mere intenningling of red and yellow and a blurred color contrast.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Fiber (a) 70 Parts of a 3 denier acrylic composite fiber dyeable with basic dye and having a crimp number of 22/inch are employed in undyed state. 1 Preparation of Fiber (b) 30 Parts of a 6 denier acrylic fiber prepared from an acrylonitrile copolymer composed of 90 percent acrylonitrile,

TABLE 111 YARNS OF GOOD SPINNABILITY AND COLOR CONTRAST Fiber (a) Fiber (b) Example Denier $2 Denier I:

6 1.5 60 2.5 40 7 1.5 50 3.5 50 8 1.5 80 3.0 20 9 2.0 60 3.0 40 10 2.0 50 5.5 50 l l 2.0 80 4.0 20 12 4.0 70 5.5 30 13 4.0 80 12.0 20 14 4.0 50 8.0 50 15 6.0 90 7.5 10 16 6.0 80 15.0 I7 6.0 70 12.0 30 18 8.0 90 10.0 l0 19 8.0 50 18.0 50 20 8.0 60 16.0 40 2| 10.0 10 12.0 30 22 10.0 50 20.0 50 23 12.5 80 14.5 20 24 12.5 90 23.0 10 25 15.0 60 17.0 40 26 15.0 70 25.0 30

7 percent methyl acrylate, and 3 percent N,N- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate are employed in undyed state.

Yarn Preparation A double-ply yarn of yarn count 20 is spun. The spun yarn is then knitted into fabric. The fabric is then dyed following the procedure of example 4.

The dyed fabric is comparable to the yarn of example 4 as to color and color contrast. The latent crimps of the composite fiber develop upon dyeing thereby causing the heavier fiber to emerge on the surface of the yarn and producing a good bulk in the fabric. A pronounced color difference and a welldefined color contrast are obtained.

EXAMPLE 6-26 Following the procedure of example 4 in every detail except for the proportion sand deniers of fibers (a) and (b), a number of yarns are prepared. In each instance yarns of good spinnability and excellent color contrast are produced. Table [11 below indicates the fiber proportions and deniers.

We claim:

1. Multicolored yarns comprising a blend of (a) from about 95 percent to about 50 percent, by weight, of said blend, of a first fiber of one color, said first fiber having a denier d, and (b) correspondingly, from about 5 percent to about 50 percent, by weight, of said blend, of a second fiber of a color different from that of said first fiber, said second fiber having a denier D, said denier d being lower than said denier D and ranging from 1.5 to 15.0, with the denier D satisfying the relationship 0.87 log d+ 0.20 log D 1.39 log d+0.35, and

for 3.0 d150 0.87 log d+0.20 log 0; 0.57 log d-l-0.74.

2. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein (a) is present to the extent of 95 percent to percent, by weight of said blend, (b) is present to the extent of 5 percent to 15 percent by weight of said blend, and the relationship satisfied by said denier D is for 1.5 54:10.0

0.8710g d+ 0.20 1og D 1.01 log d+ 0.30, and

0.87 log d+0.20 210g D 0.57 log d+ 0.74.

3. Multicolored yarns of claim 2 wherein at least one of (a) and (b) is an acrylic fiber.

4. Multicolored yarns of claim 3 wherein said acrylic fiber is a composite fiber.

5. Multicolored yarns of claim 3 wherein (b) is an acrylic fiber having higher shrinkage than (a).

6. Multicolored yarns of claim 2 wherein both (a) and (b) are acrylic fibers.

7. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein at least one of (a) and (b) is an acrylic fiber.

8. Multicolored yarns of claim 7 wherein said acrylic fiber is a composite fiber.

9. Multicolored yarns of claim 7 wherein (b) is an acrylic fiber having higher shrinkage than (a).

10. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein both (a) and (b) are acrylic fibers.

Claims

2. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein (a) is present to the extent of 95 percent to 85 percent, by weight of said blend, (b) is present to the extent of 5 percent to 15 percent by weight of said blend, and the relationship satisfied by said denier D is for 1.5 d 10.0 0.87 log d + 0.20 log D 1.01 log d + 0.30, and for 10.0 d 15.0 0.87 log d + 0.20 log D 0.57 log d + 0.74.
3. Multicolored yarns of claim 2 wherein at least one of (a) and (b) is an acrylic fiber.
4. Multicolored yarns of claim 3 wherein said acrylic fiber is a composite fiber.
5. Multicolored yarns of claim 3 wherein (b) is an acrylic fiber having higher shrinkage than (a).
6. Multicolored yarns of claim 2 wherein both (a) and (b) are acrylic fibers.
7. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein at least one of (a) and (b) is an acrylic fiber.
8. Multicolored yarns of claim 7 wherein said acrylic fiber is a composite fiber.
9. Multicolored yarns of claim 7 wherein (b) is an acrylic fiber having higher shrinkage than (a).
10. Multicolored yarns of claim 1 wherein both (a) and (b) are acrylic fibers.