US3591428A - Basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet - Google Patents

Basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3591428A
US3591428A US778981A US3591428DA US3591428A US 3591428 A US3591428 A US 3591428A US 778981 A US778981 A US 778981A US 3591428D A US3591428D A US 3591428DA US 3591428 A US3591428 A US 3591428A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
basic substance
particles
permanent magnet
ihc
compound
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US778981A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Heinz Jurgen Buschow
Pieter Aart Naastepad
Wilhelmus Antonius Johan Velge
Johannes Hendrikus Nicol Vucht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
    • C23C18/1834—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
    • C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0551—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0552—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes with a protective layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12097—Nonparticulate component encloses particles

Definitions

  • a permanent magnet material having a large intrinsic coercive force (IHC) and thus strongly resistant to demagnetization and a large energy product (BH),CX.
  • This material consists of line particles having permanent magnet properties and consisting essentially of a compound MR having a hexagonal crystal structure. M in this compound is cobalt or a combination of cobalt with one or more of the elements Fe, Ni, and Cu while R is a rare earth metal (which term includes Y) and/ or Th. These particles are surrounded with a metallic layer.
  • the invention relates to a basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet consisting of ne particles in themselves having permanent magnetic properties, the essential constituent being a compound of hexagonal structure the existence region of which is integral with the existence region of the compound MIR in the system MR, wherein M designates Co or a combination of Co with one or more of the elements Fe, Ni and (h1 and R designates one or more of the rare earth metals and/or Th.
  • the rare earth metals are considered in this respect to include also the element Y.
  • MI-,R compounds can be successfully employed to this end.
  • Such a known basic substance may be formed by line particles of the compound SmCo5. Depending upon the degree of deformation and size these particles may have an IHC of 10,000 oersted (oe.) and a 24K CC of 90 ergs/ g. oe. and an IHC of 10,000 oe.
  • a basic substance according to the invention is characterized in that the particles are surrounded by a metallic layer.
  • metallic is dened herein as consisting of a metal, an alloy of metals or an alloy of one or more metals with one or more metalloids.
  • Such basic substances according to the invention due to their being plated, exhibit an increase in the IHC.
  • the magnetization of the plated particles depends upon the thickness of the surrounding layer. As is indicated in the graph I of the 025K CC., as compared with that of non-plated basic material, rst increases with an increasing thickness of the layer-which involves a longer plating time t-and then decreases. Graph II indicates the relationship between the IHC and the plating time t.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method of manufacturing a basic substance of the kind set forth in as much as the layers consist of one or more metals of the EMF series nobler than Zn, alloyed or not alloyed with metal-loids.
  • the cast made by melting the constituents and by subsequent cooling is relined.
  • the refinement is continued until the particles have the desired magnetic properties, for example, the desirable IHC and orientability.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the particles are first etched, then washed, if necessary, and inally introduced into a bath containing a solution of salts appropriate for depositing chemically, or electro-chemically, the desired layer on the surface of the particles.
  • EXAMPLE I 35 gms./ liter of NiSO.I.7H2O, 30 gms/liter of amino-acetic acid, l5 gms/liter of NaH2PO2-H2O.
  • the pH value was 4.5 (to be adjusted with NHIOH) and the temperature was 50 C.
  • the rate of growth of the layer thickness was 0.005 ,tt/min.
  • composition of the solution was like that of Example I with the addition of 12 gms/liter of COSOI.
  • Plating was carried out at a pH value of about 7 and at a temperature of 60 C.
  • EXAMPLE IV The application of a Cu-layer. First etching was carried ou't as described in Example I.
  • Plating was carried out at a temperature of 20 C.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a permanent magnet made from the aforesaid basic substance.
  • a permanent magnet made from the aforesaid basic substance.
  • Such a magnet has a higher IH,3 than a magnet made from tine, nonplated particles of the same compound and will therefore exhibit an improved resistance to demagnetizing Iields.
  • EXAMPLE VI SmCo-particles were surrounded by an Ag-layer by means of a sputtering process of 1 hour, resulting in a layer of a thickness of 0.36/1.
  • the oand IHc-values were raised from 91.5 erg/ gr. oe. to 94.5 erg/ gr. oe. respectively from 6500 oe. to 10,100 oe.
  • a permanent magnet made from the basic substance according to the invention may also be anisotropic. Also this anisotropic magnet will exhibit a higher resistance to a demagnetizing eld, while in addition the product (BH)max may be higher.
  • An example of an anisotropic permanent magnet according to the invention is a magnet consisting of SmCo5 particles plated with an Ni-P-layer. This magnet has a (BH)max of 9X l06 G 0e. and IHc of 17,000 oe., whereas a magnet made from non-plated, but otherwise identical SmCo5 particles has a (BPDIm,x of 7 106 G oe. and an IHc of 6500 oe.
  • an anisotropic permanent magnet is made from a basic substance according to the invention, the advantage of these substances is conspicuous. It is known that a basic substance for the manufacture of an anisotropic permanent magnet has to satisfy not only requirements with respect to a sufficiently high IHc and, which Values are raised both by suitable plating, but also the requirement that in a magnetic field the particles should allow for satisfactory orientation. A measurement for the orientability of the particles is the ratio Ir/Is, wherein Ir is the remanence and Is is the saturation magnetization per unit of volume. It has been found that during the rening process for obtaining the fine particles after a given time the 1/1s drops. In order to attain optimum I'Hc Values it is, however, necessary to continue the rcning process for a given period of time. Unfortunately, the drop of the ratio Ir/Is starts already before the optimum IHC.
  • the basic substance plated in accordance with the invention has a considerably higher I'I-Ic than a comparable non-plated basic substance, a shorter period of the refining process may be chosen so that the Ir/Is has not yet, or has scarcely diminished.
  • the resultant nonoptimum IHc is then raised by the plating process to an extent such that the nal IHc of the plated powder largely exceeds that of the non-plated particles.
  • the advantage of the improved orientability of the particles becomes manifest in the higher (BH)max product of the magnet.
  • a basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet consisting of fine particles themselves having permanent magnetic properties, the essential constituent ⁇ being a compound of hexagonal structure, the existence region of which is integral with the existence region of the compound M5R of the system MR, wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of Co, a combination of Co with at least one of the elements Fe, Ni and Cu, and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of at least one of the rare earth metals, Th, and the combination of Th with at least one of the rare earth metals, each said particles being coated with a layer of a metal which increases the coercive force of said particles.
  • An anisotropically magnetized permanent magnet consisting of magnetically oriented particles consisting essentially of a basic substance as claimed in claim 1, said magnet having a higher (BH)maX value than a like magnet consisting of particles of the same composition without a metallic layer thereover.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US778981A 1967-12-21 1968-11-26 Basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet Expired - Lifetime US3591428A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL676717442A NL154354B (nl) 1967-12-21 1967-12-21 Uitgangsstof voor de vervaardiging van een permanente magneet, werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van deze uitgangsstof, alsmede permanente magneet opgebouwd uit de uitgangsstof.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3591428A true US3591428A (en) 1971-07-06

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ID=19802049

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US778981A Expired - Lifetime US3591428A (en) 1967-12-21 1968-11-26 Basic substance for the manufacture of a permanent magnet

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3591428A (ja)
AT (1) AT285189B (ja)
BE (1) BE725751A (ja)
CA (1) CA924197A (ja)
CH (1) CH531780A (ja)
DE (1) DE1812011C3 (ja)
DK (1) DK120300B (ja)
FR (1) FR1596186A (ja)
GB (1) GB1243378A (ja)
IL (1) IL31291A0 (ja)
NL (1) NL154354B (ja)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3856581A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Annealing air-stable magnetic materials having superior magnetic characteristics and method
US3856580A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Air-stable magnetic materials and method
US3856582A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Fabrication of matrix bonded transition metal-rare earth alloy magnets
US3892600A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Annealed coated air-stable cobalt-rare earth alloy particles
US3892599A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Air-stable compact of cobalt-rare earth alloy particles and method
US3892601A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Coated air-stable cobalt-rare earth alloy particles and method
US4063971A (en) * 1969-08-08 1977-12-20 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Method of increasing the coercive force of pulverized rare earth-cobalt alloys
US4115159A (en) * 1969-08-08 1978-09-19 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Method of increasing the coercive force of pulverized rare earth-cobalt alloys
US4122922A (en) * 1977-08-17 1978-10-31 Max Baermann Infinitely variable wear-free eddy current and/or hysteresis brake, preferably for track-bound vehicles
US4942098A (en) * 1987-03-26 1990-07-17 Sumitomo Special Metals, Co., Ltd. Corrosion resistant permanent magnet

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2065635A1 (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-08-06 Gen Electric Permanent magnetic powder of cobalt rare - earth metal compound
DE1936508C3 (de) * 1969-07-18 1983-12-08 General Electric Co., New York, N.Y. Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Koerzitivkraft von Pulver für Dauermagneten
JPS5832767B2 (ja) * 1980-01-24 1983-07-15 ヤマハ株式会社 硬質磁性材料の製法
GB8707905D0 (en) * 1987-04-02 1987-05-07 Univ Birmingham Magnets

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4063971A (en) * 1969-08-08 1977-12-20 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Method of increasing the coercive force of pulverized rare earth-cobalt alloys
US4115159A (en) * 1969-08-08 1978-09-19 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Method of increasing the coercive force of pulverized rare earth-cobalt alloys
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3856581A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Annealing air-stable magnetic materials having superior magnetic characteristics and method
US3856580A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Air-stable magnetic materials and method
US3856582A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-12-24 Gen Electric Fabrication of matrix bonded transition metal-rare earth alloy magnets
US3892600A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Annealed coated air-stable cobalt-rare earth alloy particles
US3892599A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Air-stable compact of cobalt-rare earth alloy particles and method
US3892601A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-07-01 Gen Electric Coated air-stable cobalt-rare earth alloy particles and method
US4122922A (en) * 1977-08-17 1978-10-31 Max Baermann Infinitely variable wear-free eddy current and/or hysteresis brake, preferably for track-bound vehicles
US4942098A (en) * 1987-03-26 1990-07-17 Sumitomo Special Metals, Co., Ltd. Corrosion resistant permanent magnet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1812011A1 (de) 1969-08-07
CA924197A (en) 1973-04-10
DE1812011B2 (de) 1977-09-15
BE725751A (ja) 1969-06-19
FR1596186A (ja) 1970-06-15
NL154354B (nl) 1977-08-15
DK120300B (da) 1971-05-10
IL31291A0 (en) 1969-02-27
CH531780A (de) 1972-12-15
DE1812011C3 (de) 1978-06-01
NL6717442A (ja) 1969-06-24
AT285189B (de) 1970-10-12
GB1243378A (en) 1971-08-18

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