US3585382A - Stereo-scanning electron microscope - Google Patents

Stereo-scanning electron microscope Download PDF

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Publication number
US3585382A
US3585382A US827651A US3585382DA US3585382A US 3585382 A US3585382 A US 3585382A US 827651 A US827651 A US 827651A US 3585382D A US3585382D A US 3585382DA US 3585382 A US3585382 A US 3585382A
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Prior art keywords
specimen
scanning
switching
electron beam
incidence
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Expired - Lifetime
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US827651A
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English (en)
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Tadao Suganuma
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Jeol Ltd
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Jeol Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
    • H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
    • H01J37/147—Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path
    • H01J37/1478—Beam tilting means, i.e. for stereoscopy or for beam channelling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stereo-scanning electron microscope and, more particularly, to a stereo scanner in which a stereo image of specimen surface is directly observed on a cathode ray tube or other suitable display means.
  • the specimen is first set at an optional angle and an image on the cathode ray tube is photographed by a built-in camera.
  • the specimen is then inclined through a slight angle and a second photograph taken of the same field.
  • the two photographs are then viewed simultaneously, each with one eye, through a stereo viewer to observe the stereo image.
  • Tedious efforts and repeated photography are invariably necessary before a suitable stereo image is obtained. Therefore, it is totally impossible to observe the stereo image while moving the specimen and searching the desired field.
  • a convergence angle the difference between the angle of specimen inclination changed between successive exposures
  • my invention provides a novel stereo-scanning electron microscope whereby the stereo image of the specimen surface can be directly observed on a cathode ray tube.
  • my invention provides an improved stereoscanning electron microscope capable of easily selecting a convergence angle having the most favorable stereo effect with respect to the specimen under observation.
  • my invention comprises an electron beam source which is focused on the specimen surface by a condenser lens system.
  • the specimen surface is scanned by the electron beam by means of a scanning deflection system.
  • my apparatus includes a detector for detecting the impinged electron beam.
  • the detected signal is fed to a display system which comprises a pair of cathode ray tubes or a single tube and shutter mechanism.
  • a switching deflection system is utilized intermediate of the condenser lens and scanning system to provide at least two different angles of incident of the electron beam.
  • a switching circuit connected to the scanning power source is triggered during each scanning frame. The switching circuit activates the directional deflection system to change the angle of incidence and to operate either,one of the pair of cathode ray tubes or the shutter mechanism.
  • a stereo image is produced by the display system by the rapid switching between incident angles and alternative display.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of my stereo scanning electron microscope
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the current applied to the electron beam deflection apparatus and the waveform of the bias voltage applied to the two cathode ray tubes shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the scanning conditions of the electron beam in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of my invention utilizing only one cathode, ray tube
  • FIG. 6 shows the construction of the shutter used in the embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • column 1 comprises chamber 2 in which cathode 3, a Wehnelt cylinder 4, and an anode 5 are housed.
  • a condenser lens system 6 aligned along the optional axis of chamber I is utilized for focusing the electron beam produced in chamber 2 onto specimen 7 in specimen chamber 9, which includes a specimen stage 8, and two deflection systems 10 and 11 located in the vicinity of the condenser lens system 6.
  • Deflection system 10 is used to switch the axis of electron beam incident on the specimen surface and is hereafter referred to as the switching deflection apparatus" and deflection system 11 is used for scanning and is hereafter referred to as the scanning deflection apparatus.”
  • scanning power source 13 supplies a trigger pulse to a .switching circuit 14.
  • the polarity of the current fed to the switching deflection apparatus 10 through an amplifier 15 are inverted, resulting in a change in the current as shown in FIG. 2(A).
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 two bias voltage waveforms
  • 2(3) and 2(C)) are fed from switching circuit 14 through amplifiers 16a and 16b to the grids of cathode ray tubes 17a and 17b, respectively.
  • a signal is fed from scanning power source 13 to cathode ray tube deflection systems 18a and 18b.
  • raster is displayed on the cathode ray tubes only when the polarity of the voltage applied to the respective cathode ray tube grids is positive.
  • the amplified signal is then simultaneously applied to each cathode ray tube grid at which time the image appears on the screen of the cathode ray tube 170. Even though the signal is also applied to the grid of cathode ray tube 17b, no image appears on the screen of this tube, since the polarity of the bias voltage applied thereto is negative and, hence, raster is not displayed. As soon as the first frame has been scanned, the polarity of the output signal from switching circuit 14 reverses. In other words, at the commencement of the second frame scan, i.e., from t, 1 2(A) and 2(8) become negative and 2(C) becomes positive.
  • the direction of the beam axis changes to that as shown by 1212 and at the same time, the display of cathode ray tube 17a is replaced by that of cathode ray tube 17b so that the image now appears on the latter cathode ray tube instead of the former.
  • single line scanning switchover may be incorporated.
  • the angle formed by the convergence of beam axes 12a and 12b, denoted by B in FIG. 1, depends entirely on the peak value of the pulsed waveform applied to the switching deflection apparatus 10 through amplifier 15, it is possible to select a convergence angle having the most favorable stereo effect, provided that the gain of the amplifier can be varied.
  • FIG. 5 shows a modified version of FIG. 1 whereby only one cathode ray tube is employed. In this case, however, the tube is required to have a screen coated with a short persistence phosphor.
  • a shutter 24 is positioned between the cathode ray tube and the observer's eye.
  • Shutter 24 comprises a main plate 25 (see FIG. 6) complete with two viewing holes 26a and 26b, and a shutter plate 27 joined to an iron plate 28 by a connecting bar 29.
  • the connecting bar is mounted on main plate 25 so as to freely swivel about pivot fulcrum 30.
  • Two coils 31a and 31b serve to swing the shutter plate 27 back and forth from one viewing hole to the other in accordance with the excitation of the coils.
  • Shutter 24 is electrically connected to switching circuit 14 through amplifier 16, resulting in the shutter being synchronously swung in accordance with beam axis switchover.
  • the shutter plate 29 is positioned as shown in FIG. 6 and that the beam axis is deflected as shown by 12a in FIG. 1, the image on the screen of the cathode ray tube 17 will only be visible by the observer's left eye, since FIG. 6 is the view of the shutter seen from the side of the cathode ray tube. In other words, the image corresponding to beam axis 12a will be visible by the left eye. As soon as the image corresponding to the axis 12b appears on the screen, the shutter plate 27 swings over, thus exposing hole 26a and enabling the image to be viewed with the observer's right eye.
  • a condensing lens system for focusing said electron beam upon a specimen, means for detecting the electron beam liberated from the specimen and means for scanning the specimen with said beam, the improvement comprising:
  • a scanning electron microscope having an electron beam source, a condensing lens system for focusing the beam on a specimen surface, means for scanning the specimen surface, and means for detecting the beam liberated from the surface of the specimen, the improvement comprising:
  • A. a switching deflection means for selecting one of two angles of incidence of the beam upon the specimen surface, the deflection means being connected to said scanning means to trigger the deflection means synchronously with each scan frame, said switching deflecting means including a variable gain amplifier for selecting different convergence angles being the difference between the said angles of incidence, B. a short persistance display screen connected to the detector for displaying the detected image, and
  • a shutter mechanism positioned in front of the display screen and having two viewing holes and means for alternatively opening and closing the holes, said shutter mechanism being connected to the switching deflection means to open one viewing hole when the electron beam has a first incident angle and to open the second viewing hole and close the first viewing hole when the electron beam has a second incident angle.
  • a scanning electron microscope having an electron beam source, a condensing lens system for focusing said electron beam upon a specimen, means for detecting the electron beam liberated from the specimen and means for scanning the specimen with said beam, the improvement comprising:
  • B. means for detecting electrons liberated from the specimen surface, display means connected to the detector means and having a deflection system connected to the switching deflecting means to synchronize the display device with the scanning of the electrode beam.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
US827651A 1968-05-28 1969-05-26 Stereo-scanning electron microscope Expired - Lifetime US3585382A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP3626468 1968-05-28

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US3585382A true US3585382A (en) 1971-06-15

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US (1) US3585382A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1927038C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2010485A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1276364A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702398A (en) * 1970-01-21 1972-11-07 Cambridge Scientific Instr Ltd Electron beam apparatus
US3714422A (en) * 1970-04-06 1973-01-30 Hitachi Ltd Scanning stereoscopic electron microscope
US3748467A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-07-24 Nibon Denshi K K Scanning electron microscope
US3912856A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-10-14 William S Liddel Three-dimensional image transmitting apparatus
US3986027A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-12 American Optical Corporation Stereo scanning microprobe
US4039829A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-08-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Stereoscopic measuring apparatus
US4506296A (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-03-19 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method and device for three-dimensional visualization from video signals, notably for electron microscopy
US4578802A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba X-ray diagnostic apparatus for allowing stereoscopic visualization on X-ray images of an object under examination
US4654699A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-03-31 Antonio Medina Three dimensional video image display system
US5155750A (en) * 1987-12-24 1992-10-13 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Stereoscopic radiographic inspection system
US20020179812A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-12-05 Topcon Corporation Electron beam device and method for stereoscopic measurements
US20070187595A1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-16 Maki Tanaka Method for measuring a pattern dimension using a scanning electron microscope

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58166385U (ja) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-05 株式会社トミー 立体視ゲ−ム装置
GB2236015B (en) * 1986-09-24 1991-06-19 Breton Bernard C Improvements in and relating to charged particle beam scanning apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2436676A (en) * 1945-01-27 1948-02-24 Rca Corp Apparatus for stereoscopic work
US2617041A (en) * 1949-11-15 1952-11-04 Farrand Optical Co Inc Stereoscopic electron microscope
US2730566A (en) * 1949-12-27 1956-01-10 Bartow Beacons Inc Method and apparatus for x-ray fluoroscopy

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2436676A (en) * 1945-01-27 1948-02-24 Rca Corp Apparatus for stereoscopic work
US2617041A (en) * 1949-11-15 1952-11-04 Farrand Optical Co Inc Stereoscopic electron microscope
US2730566A (en) * 1949-12-27 1956-01-10 Bartow Beacons Inc Method and apparatus for x-ray fluoroscopy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONICS , Vol. 37, No. 16; (1964) p. 119; 250 49.5(8) *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702398A (en) * 1970-01-21 1972-11-07 Cambridge Scientific Instr Ltd Electron beam apparatus
US3714422A (en) * 1970-04-06 1973-01-30 Hitachi Ltd Scanning stereoscopic electron microscope
US3748467A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-07-24 Nibon Denshi K K Scanning electron microscope
US3912856A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-10-14 William S Liddel Three-dimensional image transmitting apparatus
US3986027A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-12 American Optical Corporation Stereo scanning microprobe
US4039829A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-08-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Stereoscopic measuring apparatus
US4506296A (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-03-19 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method and device for three-dimensional visualization from video signals, notably for electron microscopy
US4578802A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba X-ray diagnostic apparatus for allowing stereoscopic visualization on X-ray images of an object under examination
US4654699A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-03-31 Antonio Medina Three dimensional video image display system
US5155750A (en) * 1987-12-24 1992-10-13 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Stereoscopic radiographic inspection system
US20020179812A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-12-05 Topcon Corporation Electron beam device and method for stereoscopic measurements
US6852974B2 (en) * 2001-03-06 2005-02-08 Topcon Corporation Electron beam device and method for stereoscopic measurements
US20050040332A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2005-02-24 Topcon Corporation Electron beam device and method for stereoscopic measurements
US20070187595A1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-16 Maki Tanaka Method for measuring a pattern dimension using a scanning electron microscope
US7732761B2 (en) * 2006-02-16 2010-06-08 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Method for measuring a pattern dimension using a scanning electron microscope

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1927038B2 (de) 1978-02-09
DE1927038A1 (de) 1969-12-04
DE1927038C3 (de) 1978-09-21
GB1276364A (en) 1972-06-01
FR2010485A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-20

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