US3582260A - End cap for impregnating wood especially sap-fresh bark-covered tree trunks against rot and insects - Google Patents

End cap for impregnating wood especially sap-fresh bark-covered tree trunks against rot and insects Download PDF

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Publication number
US3582260A
US3582260A US726459A US3582260DA US3582260A US 3582260 A US3582260 A US 3582260A US 726459 A US726459 A US 726459A US 3582260D A US3582260D A US 3582260DA US 3582260 A US3582260 A US 3582260A
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United States
Prior art keywords
trunk
cap
wood
section
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US726459A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Gersonde
Fritz Schwartz
Christoph Kottlors
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Wolman GmbH
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Dr Wolman GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1967G0038611 external-priority patent/DE1983277U/de
Application filed by Dr Wolman GmbH filed Critical Dr Wolman GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B27K3/083—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation along the fibers, i.e. longitudinal impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/06—Sap stream methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B27K3/10—Apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and device for impregnating wood, especially sap-fresh bark-covered tree trunks, by means of a chemical wood protective against rot and insects.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section of a portion of a cap adapted to be used as pressurecap and as suction cap placed upon one end portion of a tree trunk;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a one-wall suction cap according to the invention and shows the cap on the left-hand side without being placed on a tree trunk end, while the right-hand portion is placed on a portion of a tree trunk end.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectioned view supplementing that of FIG. 1 and to show interrelationship of elements more clearly.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that, contrary to the heretofore prevailing opinion, the impregnating operation can be carried out at a higher fluid pressure and that, furthermore, the flow velocity of a liquid or gaseous medium, in addition to its viscosity and turbulence, depends primarily on the pressure drop to which the medium is subjected.
  • the impregnating operation can be carried out at a higher fluid pressure and that, furthermore, the flow velocity of a liquid or gaseous medium, in addition to its viscosity and turbulence, depends primarily on the pressure drop to which the medium is subjected.
  • the impregnation is complete only when the total impregnable wood of the cross-sectional surface of the trunk is served by the impregnating cap.
  • the objects underlying the present invention have been realized in con formity with the present invention by pressing the wood protective solution into the wood by means of an impregnating cap surrounding one trunk end and sealingly engaging the peripheral surface of the trunk, at a pressure of at least 29 pounds per square inch or 2 kp./cm. and more over the total end face of the respective trunk end.
  • kp. is a conventional abbreviation for kilopond.
  • a definition of weight unity of one pond equals 980,665 dyn. This results in a corresponding pressure difference between the two trunk ends when one trunk end is under atmospheric pressure and the wood protective solution is pressed over a pressure cap forming impregnating cap at a pressure of 2 l p./cm. or more against the trunk end face underneath said cap.
  • a suction cap connected to a suction pump is arranged on the other end of the trunk, it is possible further to increase the pressure difference.
  • the said suction cap preferably consists of a rigid hood portion placed over the trunk end, and a sealing cuff or sleeve sealingly engaging the mantle surface or peripheral surface of the respective trunk end. If desired, also a suction cap only may be provided without the application of a pressure cap.
  • the pressure cap for carrying out the method according to the present invention consists primarily of a rigid hood having a diameter which corresponds at least to the outer diameter of the respective tree trunk end, and furthermore comprises a sealing sleeve which is detachably connected to said hood and engages the circumferential surface of the trunk end.
  • the said sealing sleeve or cuff may, according to the present invention be designed in the form of a double-wall hose section with U-shaped longitudinal section of the wall, and is made of rubber with fabric threads or fabric inserts therein.
  • the fabric threads inthe individual walls do not cross each other and in both walls have the same inclination with regard to the longitudinal central axis of the sleeve or cufi.
  • the U-shaped intermediate space between the double walis is charged with a liquid or gaseous pressure medium whereby the sleeve or cuff is stretched, and in addition, is pressed in a sealing manner against the circumference of the trunk end.
  • the sleeve or cuff is according to a further development of the present invention reinforced at its tower end or at the zenith curvature of the U-shaped longitudinal cross section.
  • the reinforcement is effected by a cross-wise overlapping of the fabric threads of the outer and inner walls of the sleeve at the lower sleeve end or at the zenith curvature.
  • the reinforcement may also be effected by vulcanizing an additional fabric strip into the zenith curvature of the said U-shaped longitudinal section or by thickening the rubber at this area.
  • the sleeve or cuff may be so dimensioned that it will engage the circumference of the trunk end under a preload.
  • a protective sleeve of form-retaining material is then placed over the said cuif or sleeve.
  • the suction cap for carrying out the method according to the present invention comprises a rigid cap section and a one-wall sealing sleeve of elastic material, especially rubber, which may contain fabric threads or a fabric in sert, said one-wall sealing sleeve being preferably detachably connected to the rigid cap portion.
  • the rigid cap portion is so dimensioned that it surrounds the trunk end, Whereas the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve is less than the outer diameter of the trunk end, so that the said cuff or sleeve will under load engage the circumferential surface of the trunk end.
  • the upper portion of the said cuff or sleeve is drawn by the suction effect in a U-shaped manner into said space whereby the upper portion of said cuff or sleeve will bring into sealing engagement one leg of the now U-shaped portion with the circumference of the trunk end, whereas the other leg will sealingly engage the inner side of the mouth of the cap portion. That portion of the sealing sleeve which is located below the U-shaped portion will under preload and due to the suction sealingly engage the circumference of the trunk.
  • the time during which the protective solution is to be fed into the trunk is determined by the length of the trunk end which is to be impregnated particularly, by the pressure drop, the type of wood, and the condition and properties of the solution which by means of the impregnation cap or cuffs according to the invention, is to be pressed into the tree trunk.
  • the operation may be carried out under the same pressure conditions as is the case with full impregnation or aiso at higher or lower pressure and pressure drop.
  • the cap illustrated therein comprises a cap portion 1 of cylindrical shape which is made of form-retaining material as, for instance, metal strong synthetic material, or the like.
  • the cap furthermore comprises a clamping ring 2 of Wedge or trapezoidalcross-section, and a doublewall sealing sleeve or cuff 3 defining an intermediate space of U-shaped cross-section between the outer wall 7 and the inner wall 6.
  • the cap portion 1 has its marginal area, and more specifically the bottom portion thereof, provided with an annular groove 4 of U-shaped cross-section which is open toward the bottom and serves for an air-tight fitting of the upper open end of sealing sleeve 3 by means of the clamping ring 2.
  • the cap portion 1 is provided with a plurality of bores 22, whereas the clamping ring 2 carries at its upper portion uniformly distributed stud bolts 5 which, following the insertion of the clamping ring 2 into the opening between the inner wall 6 and outer wall 7 of said sealing sleeve 3 are passed through the bores 22 in the cap portion 1 and are tightened by means of nuts 23.
  • said upper ends may be provided with a fabric insert.
  • the sealing sleeve 3 is made of rubber with fabric threads or a fabric insert. In each wall, the threads extend only in one inclined direction, in other words, do not cross each other.
  • the threads in the inner wall 6 of the sealing sleeve 3 and the threads in the outer wall 7 of the sealing sleeve 3 have the same inclined direction with regard to the longitudinal central axis of sleeve 3. Only in the zenith portion 9 and its immediate vicinity do the fabric threads of both sleeve walls 6 and 7 cross each other and thus form a double fabric. In this way, this portion of the sleeve 3 is particularly reinforced.
  • the cap portion 1 carries a connection or fitting 10 for the connection of a hose by means of which the wood protective solution is by a pump pressed from a reservoir into the chamber 11 between the bottom of the cap 1 and the end face 12 of the trunk 13. Furthermore, the clamping ring 2 has a connection or fitting 14 extending through the bottom of cap 1, said connection 14 forming a valve and leading to the bottom side of the clamping ring 2. Reference is made to FIG. 3 to show how connection 14 cooperates with chamber 8.
  • the said connection 14 serves for feeding a liquid or gaseous pressure medium into the chamber 8 of the sealing sleeve 3. To this end, the said connection 14 is connected to a pump which presses the pressure medium into the space 8.
  • the inner wall 6 of the sealing sleeve 3 is under more or less high force sealingly pressed against the circumferential surface of the trunk end.
  • the impregnation of the tree trunk occurs in the followmg manner: First, the trunk end 13 on which the cap is to be mounted is de-barked. Thereupon, the sealing sleeve 3 is pulled over the trunk end 13 into the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve 3 is less than the outer diameter of the trunk end 13, so that the sealing sleeve 3 will engage the trunk end 13 under preload.
  • liquid is passed by a pressure pump from a reservoir into the intermediate space 8 or, if desired, air at high pressure is pressed into the intermediate space 8.
  • a sleeve 15' of possibly form-retaining material as, for instance, sheet metal, fine synthetic material, or the like, is place over the sealing sleeve 3.
  • the wood protective solution is pressed through the fitting at a high pressure of 2 kp./cm. and more into the space 11 and thereby against the end face 12 of the trunk 13 and penetrates the entire impregnatable portion of the trunk.
  • a high pressure of 2 kp./cm. 2 kp./cm.
  • barbed hooks 16 may be provided as shown in the drawing.
  • the impregnating cap may also be secured by providing the inner wall 6 with a plurality of ribs or profile rings protruding inwardly. That surface of the ribs or rings which engages the circumferential surface of the trunk end may be designed, for instance, concave in the manner of a suction cup. Instead of the rings or ribs, also other securing means may be employed.
  • the other trunk end is under atmospheric pressure. However, if desired, it may also be placed under a vacuum. T 0 this end, a cap of the type shown in FIG. 1 may be placed upon the other trunk end and employed as suction cap.
  • FIG. 2 a cap illustrated in FIG. 2 may be employed.
  • the opening or mouth of the rigid cap portion 15 has detachably connected thereto a one-wall sealing sleeve 16.
  • This connection may be effected by means of a hose clamp 17.
  • the sealing sleeve 16 is made of elastic material, especially rubber, or of rubber having inserts therein of fabric threads or fabric.
  • the suction pipe 18 for connection with a suction pump may be centrally or eccentrically mounted on the cap portion 15 which latter may consist of metal or strong synthetic material, or the like.
  • the diameter of the mouth of the rigid cap portion 15 is greater than the diameter of the trunk to be impregnated, whereas the inner diameter of the elastic sealing sleeve 16 is less than the outer diameter of the trunk end 19.
  • the cap is with the sealing sleeve 16 pulled over the trunk end 19. Due to the preload of the sealing sleeve 16 on the circumferential surface of the trunk, no additional holding means is required. In view of the suction during the evacuation of the space 20 between the cap portion 15 and the end face of the trunk end 19, the sealing sleeve 16 is in addition to its preload sealings pressed against the circumferential surface of the trunk end 19.
  • the diameter of the mouth of the cap portion 15, as indicated in the preferred form of FIG. 2, is dimensioned so large that between its inner side and the circumference of the trunk end 19 there is provided a space 21 which serves for receiving the upper portion of the sealing sleeve 16 which latter during the evacuation is drawn into the said space 6 21 and sealingly engages not only the circumferential surface of the trunk end 19 but also the inside of the mouth of the cap portion 15.
  • the invention serves primarily for impregnating barkcovered sap-fresh woods but can also be employed with de-barked wood immersed in a solution.
  • the particular advantage lies in the application of the invention to bark-covered sap-fresh wood which can-be impregnated in a simple manner, depending on the type of wood and the length of the tree trunk, in a period of from 3 to 24 hours, while that trunk portion which -is exposed in particular to dangers receives an additional or special impregnation.
  • the supply of the protective solution is turned olf, and subsequently'a solution of the same type but of a stronger concentration or of another type is pressed against the end face 12 if it is desired to apply an additional impregnation to the respective trunk end 13.
  • the time period during which the solution is pressed against the end face 12 depends on the type of wood, the length of the trunk portion additionally to be impregnated, the pressure drop between the two trunk ends, and the quality of the solution.
  • kp. as it appears hereinbefore means kilopond and represents the force at which the mass of 1 kilogram presses upon its support.
  • a cap for use in connection with the impregnation of wood, especially a bark-covered sap-fresh trunk which comprises: a substantially rigid first section having means for connection with a source of wood impregnating solution and an elastic second section connected to said first section and adapted firmly and tightly to engage the peripheral portion of a trunk to be impregnated so as to form a liquid-tight chamber with said rigid section and the trunk portion adjacent thereto, said second section being detachably connected to said first section and comprising two radially spaced wall portions and an intermediate wall portion interconnecting said two radially spaced wall portions, said three wall portions together defining an annular chamber of U-shaped cross-section provided with means for admitting a pressure fluid to press the inner wall of said annular chamber against the respective adjacent surface of a trunk to be impregnated, said radially spaced wall portions being reinforced with thread means extending in one and the same direction with regard to the axis of said cap.
  • a cap according to claim 1 which comprises a shape maintaining detachable protective cover surrounding said second section.
  • a cap according to claim 1 which includes a reinforcing fabric band arranged in said intermediate section.
  • a cap according to claim 1 in which said first section has its outer marginal portion provided with an annular groove coaxial with the axis of said first section, and in which said second section has its open portion arranged in said groove, and means arranged within said second section and operable from the outside of said first section for firmly clamping said second section into said groove of said first section.
  • a cap according to claim 1 in which said second section is provided with concave suction surface means for engagement with a trunk on which the cap is to be placed.
  • a cap according to claim 1 in which said second section forms a sealing sleeve of flexible elastic material and in which the inner diameter of said first section adjacent the outer marginal portion thereof is in excess of 8 the outer diameter of the end surface of the trunk upon which the cap is to be placed, said sleeve having an inner diameter less than the outer diameter of the trunk upon which the cap is to be placed.
  • a cap according to claim 10 in which the inner diameter of said first section at the marginal portion thereof is so great as to define an annular chamber with the end portion of the trunk over which the cap is to be placed, said annular chamber being adapted in response to a suction created in said annular chamber to draw a portion of said sleeve into said annular chamber so that a portion of said inner sleeve engages said first section and the oppositely located portion of said inner sleeve engages the trunk upon Which the cap is placed.
  • a cap according to claim 10 in which said first section is provided with a suction pipe adapted to be connected to a source of subatmospheric pressure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US726459A 1967-05-19 1968-05-03 End cap for impregnating wood especially sap-fresh bark-covered tree trunks against rot and insects Expired - Lifetime US3582260A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG0050127 1967-05-19
DE1967G0038611 DE1983277U (de) 1967-12-20 1967-12-20 Saugkappe zum traenken saftfrischen holzes.

Publications (1)

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US3582260A true US3582260A (en) 1971-06-01

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US726459A Expired - Lifetime US3582260A (en) 1967-05-19 1968-05-03 End cap for impregnating wood especially sap-fresh bark-covered tree trunks against rot and insects

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US (1) US3582260A (fr)
AT (1) AT278341B (fr)
CH (1) CH471653A (fr)
FR (1) FR1561813A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920393A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-11-18 Dunlop Ltd Injection means
US6216388B1 (en) * 1998-04-07 2001-04-17 Gene W. Miller Dissolving polymer plug for introducing nutrients and medicinal materials into tree trunks
US20090007481A1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2009-01-08 Al-Sulaiman Faleh A System for delivery of insecticide

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920393A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-11-18 Dunlop Ltd Injection means
US6216388B1 (en) * 1998-04-07 2001-04-17 Gene W. Miller Dissolving polymer plug for introducing nutrients and medicinal materials into tree trunks
US20090007481A1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2009-01-08 Al-Sulaiman Faleh A System for delivery of insecticide
US7540110B2 (en) * 2007-07-05 2009-06-02 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals System for delivery of insecticide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT278341B (de) 1970-01-26
FR1561813A (fr) 1969-03-28
CH471653A (de) 1969-04-30

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