US3580853A - Detergent compositions containing particle deposition enhancing agents - Google Patents

Detergent compositions containing particle deposition enhancing agents Download PDF

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US3580853A
US3580853A US671117A US3580853DA US3580853A US 3580853 A US3580853 A US 3580853A US 671117 A US671117 A US 671117A US 3580853D A US3580853D A US 3580853DA US 3580853 A US3580853 A US 3580853A
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John J Parran Jr
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/4933—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having sulfur as an exocyclic substituent, e.g. pyridinethione
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0036—Soil deposition preventing compositions; Antiredeposition agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
    • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
    • C11D3/227—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin with nitrogen-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
    • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments
    • C11D3/42—Brightening agents ; Blueing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
    • C11D9/225—Polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
    • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
    • A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/006—Antidandruff preparations

Definitions

  • the field of this invention is detergent compositions including shampoos (liquid and cream), laundering, hardsurface and dishwashing detergents (granular and liquid), and personal use toilet detergent bars.
  • Particulate antimicrobial substances have also been used in various laundry detergents and personal use toilet detergent bars to impart residual antimicrobial activity on the fabrics or skin surfaces washed with same. Such products are disclosed by Reller and Jordan in US. Pats. 3,134,711, granted May 26, 1964, and 3,256,200, granted June 14, 1966.
  • the detergent compositions of this invention are comprised of (1) an organic surface active agent (surfactant, i.e., detergent compound); (2) at least one water-soluble cationic nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 2,000 to about 3,000,000 and having a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution; and (3) a water-insoluble or sparingly soluble particulate substance capable of imparting a desired residual property to a surface to which it becomes afiixed.
  • an organic surface active agent surfactant, i.e., detergent compound
  • at least one water-soluble cationic nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 2,000 to about 3,000,000 and having a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution
  • a water-insoluble or sparingly soluble particulate substance capable of imparting a desired residual property to a surface to which it becomes afiixed.
  • this invention is a method for enhancing the deposition and retention of particulate substances upon surfaces washed with a detergent composition containing same, comprising uniformly admixing said particulate substances with a water-soluble cationic nitrogen-containing polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 2,000 to about 3,000,000, and having a cationic charge density greater than .001'in aqueous solution, and incorporating said mixture in a detergent base.
  • the cationic charge density of a polymer as that term is used herein refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of which the polymer is comprised to the molecular weight of said monomeric unit, i.e.,
  • Such surfactants include the sodium, potassium, and triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially those derived by sulfation of higher alcohols produced by reduction of tallow or coconut oil glycerides; sodium or potassium alkyl benzene sulfonates, especially those of the types described by Gunther et al. in US. Pat.
  • alkyl group contains from about 9 to about carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those others of higher alcohols obtained from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher alcohol (i.e., tallo'w or coconut oil alcohols) and about 3 moles of ethylene oxide; and the water-soluble salts of condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine, e.g., triethanolamine N-acyl sarcosinate, the acyl radicals being derived from coconut oil fatty acids.
  • sarcosine e.g., triethanolamine N-acyl sarcosinate
  • anionic organic surfactants of the high sudsing type are used for the shampoo embodiments of this invention.
  • alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, N-acyl sarcosinates, and alkyl ether ethylene oxide sulfates as described above are used to special advantage.
  • These and the foregoing surfactants can be used in the form of their sodium, potassium or lower alkanolamine (e.g., mono-, di, and triethanolamine) salts.
  • soaps are also operable anionic surfactants for 'the purposes of this invention.
  • Suitable soaps include the water-soluble salts, e.g., sodium, potassium, and lower alkanolamine salts of fatty acids occurring'in coconut oil, soybean oil, castor oil or tallow, or syntheti cally produced fatty acids may be used.
  • Polar nonionic surfactants can be used herein, either alone or in admixture with anionic and/or ampholytic surfactants. Surfactants of this class can serve to enhance lathering and cleaning properties of anionic detergents. By polar nonionic surfactant is meant a surfacsurfactant molecule bears no net charge and does not dissociate into ions.
  • a preferred polar nonionic surfactant for use in the present compositions is amine amine oxide of the general formula R R R N O, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl radical having from about 10 to 16 carbon atoms, and R and R are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethanol or propanol radicals.
  • R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl radical having from about 10 to 16 carbon atoms, and R and R are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethanol or propanol radicals.
  • An especially preferred amine oxide is dodecyldimethylamine oxide.
  • phosphine oxides having the general formula R R R P-' O, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging in chain length from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging in chain length from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • a preferred phosphine oxide is dodecyldimethyl phosphine oxide.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants include the alkyl betaiminodipropionates, RN(C H COOM) alkyl beta-aminopropionates, RN(H)C H COOM; and long chain imidazole derivatives having the general formula:
  • R is an acyclic hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and M is a cation to neutralize the charge of theanion, e.g., alkali metal such as sodium and potassium and ammonium and substituted ammonium cations.
  • amphoteric surfactants include the (11'. sodium salt of lauroyl-cycloimidinium-l-ethoxy-ethionic acid 2 ethionic acid, dodecyl beta-alanine, and the inner salt of Z-trimethylamino lauric acid.
  • the substituted betaines such as alkyl dimethyl ammonio acetates wherein the alkyl radical contains from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms can also be used.
  • this class of zwitterionic surfactants are set forth in Canadian Pat. 696,355, granted Oct. 20, 1964.
  • Especially preferred shampoo compositions in accord ance with this invention will contain a non-soap anionic organic surfactant at a concentration of from about 8% to about 30% by weight of the total composition.
  • Nonionic and cationic surfactants are not preferred for the purposes of this invention they can nevertheless be used without substantial loss of the advantageous effects of the cationic polymers on deposition and retention of particulate matter on washed surfaces.
  • Nonionic surfactants may be described as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide .groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. As those skilled in the are are well aware, the length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical required for condensation with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • a well known class of nonionics is made available on the market under the tradename of Pluronic! These compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • the hydrophobic portion of the molecule exhibits-water insolubility.
  • the molecular weight of this portion is-of the order of 950 to 4,000.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase thewater solubility of the molecule as a whole. Liquid products are obtained up to the point where polyoxyethyl'ene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product.
  • Suitable nonionics also include the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation prod-- nets of alkyl phenols having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, either straight chain or 'branch chain, in the alkyl group with ethylene oxide in amounts equal to 10 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
  • the alkyl subs-tituent in such compounds may be derived from polym* erized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, for example.
  • nonionics may be derived by the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine.
  • a series of compounds may be produced, depending on the desired balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements.
  • compounds molecular weight from about 5,000 to about 11,000
  • a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said base having a molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000, are satisfactory.
  • nonionics include the condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, either straight chain or branch chain, with ethylene oxide, an example being a coconut alcohol/ ethylene oxide condensate having from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconutalcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • Cationic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of this invention include distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, coconut alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dicoconut alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
  • compositions of this invention contain as an essential component a water-soluble cationic nitrogen-containing polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 2,000 to about 3,000,- 000 and a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution.
  • Operable cationic polymers for the purpose of this invention include polyethylenimine or alkoxylated polyethylenimine polymers. It is believed that the structural formula of the backbone of polyethylenimine is:
  • x represents a whole number of sufiicient magnitude to yield a polymer of molecular weight greater than about 2,000.
  • Branch chains occur along the polymeric backbone and the relative proportions of primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups present in the polymer will vary, depending on the manner of preparation.
  • the distribution of amino groups in a typical polyethylenimine is approximately as follows:
  • the polyethylenimine is characterized herein in terms of molecular weight.
  • Such polymers can be prepared, for example, by polymerizing ethylenimine in the presence of a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc.
  • a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc.
  • a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc.
  • Specific methods are described in US. Pat. Nos. 2,182,306, Ulrich et al., granted Dec. 5, 1939; 3,033,746, Mayle et al., granted May 8, 1962; 2,208,095, Esslemann et al., granted July 16, 1940; 2,806,839, Crowther, granted Sept. 17, 1957; and 2,553,696, Wilson,
  • alkoxylated polyethylenimine can be prepared, for example, by reacting one part by weight ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with one part by weight of polyethylenimine prepared as described above and having a molecular weight greater than about 2,000.
  • the weight ratio of polyethylenimine to alkylene oxide is at least about 1:1. If this ratio is less than about 124 the cationic charge density of the polymer in aqueous solution will not be greater than .001 as is required for the purpose of this invention.
  • a preferred ethoxylated polyethylenimine has a molecular weight of about 80,000 to 120,000 and a cationic charge density of .004 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • Yet another class of water-soluble cationic nitrogencontaining polymers which can be used in the practice of this invention are those in which at least 30 mole percent of the molecular structure is composed of monomeric units containing one or more quaternary ammonium groups and any balance of which is comprised of non-quaternized polymeric units derived from monoethylenically unsatu rated monomeric groups.
  • the degree of quaternization must be suflicient to provide a cationic charge density greater than about .001.
  • Such polymers include, for example, quaternized polyvinylimidazole, quaternized poly- (dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate), quaternized poly(diethylaminoethylmethacrylate), quaternized poly(p dimethylaminomethylstyrene) and others disclosed by Lang in US. Pat. 3,313,734, granted Apr. 11, 1967, all having molecular weights within the range from about 2,000 to 3,000,000.
  • Still other types of water-soluble cationic polymers useful herein are the following:
  • Water-soluble quaternary nitrogen-substituted cel- *Hydroxyethyleellulose Hydroxyethylcellulose is, of course, comprised of hydroxyethyl-substituted anhydroglu'cose units with varying degrees of hydroxyethyl substitution. This material is pre pared by reacting alkaline cellulose with ethylene oxide as is more fully described by Gloor et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 42:2150 (1950). The extent of substitution with the quaternary nitrogen-containing group must be sufficient to provide a cationic charge density greater than .001, and the molecular weight of the substituted hydroxyethylcellulose polymer must be within the range from about 2,000 to 3,000,000.
  • the preferred cellulose ether derivative from which the quaternary ammonium-substituted polymers described above are prepared include those which are water-soluble nonionic lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl substituted. Such derivatives include methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose.
  • a particuarly efficacious quaternary ammonium-substituted cellulose ether derivative for the purpose of this invention is available from Union Carbide under the code name JR-lL.
  • This polymer has a molecular weight within the range from 100,000 to 1,000,000 and a cationic charge density of .005.
  • Polymer JA-1L is a cationic cellulose ether having the structure:
  • R is a residue of an anhydroglucose unit, Wherein Y is an integer from 50 to 20,000 and wherein each R individually represents a substituent of the general formula:
  • n is from 0.35 to 0.45
  • L AH J. wherein x is an integer of sufiicient magnitude to yield a polymer having a viscosity at 74 F. of 21 to 42 centipoise.
  • These polymers have a molecular Weight within the range from about 2,000 to 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • Coagulant Aid #225 commercially from The Calgon Company. This product is a water-soluble nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 30,000 to 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • Coagulent Aid #225 is a condensation polyethylene amine extended with epichlorohydrin and prepared as follows: A l-liter flask was fitted with a stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer, and an addition funnel, and 232 g. of Amine E-100 was introduced.
  • the prepolymer formed as above was heated to 80 C. and the dropwise addition of 37 g., 0.4 mole, of epichlorohydrin (ECH) was begun. The temperature was allowed to rise no higher than 90 during the addition. On completion of the addition the reaction mixture was held at 100 for 30 minutes. The resulting polymer, was a 57.5% active solution 'with a viscosity of 2,000 cps.
  • ECH epichlorohydrin
  • Conductive Polymer #261 commercially available from The Calgon Company. This product is a water-soluble nitrogen-containing polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 30,000 to 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than .001 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • Conductive Polymer #261 is poly(N,N-dimethyl-3,5-methylene piperidinium chloride), average molecular weight 50,000.
  • the molecular weight of the cationic polymers em.- ployed herein is less than about 2,000, no substantial enhancement of particle deposition occurs. Best results are obtained with polymers having 'a'molecular weight within the range from about 30,000 to about 1,000,000.
  • the cationic polymer can be employed herein at a concentration within the range from about 0.1% to about 10.0% by weight, preferably" from about 0.25% to about 4.0% by weight.
  • Particulate substances which can be used in the detergent compositions of this invention preferably have an average particle diameter within the range from about 0.2 to about 50 microns and include water-insoluble or sparingly soluble anti-microbial agents, sunscreens, fabric brighteners, and various substances which create a favorable skin feel after washing. These particulate substances depend on deposition and retention on washed surfaces to produce their intended elfect.
  • Particulate antimicrobial substances the deposition and retention of which is enhanced by the cationic polymers described herein include, for example, (a) substituted salicylanilides having the general formula:
  • R is an alkylene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or divalent sulfur; and (d) mixtures of (a), (b), and (c).
  • the salicylanilides encompassed by (a) above include 3,4,S-tribromosalicylanilide; 5 bromosalicyl-3,5-di(trifluoromethyDanilide; 5 chlorosalicyl 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)anilide; 3,5 dichlorosalicyl-3,4-dich1oroanilide; and 5-chlorosalicyl 3 tri-fluoromethyl-4-chloranilide.
  • These and other salicylanilides useful herein are disclosed by Bindler and Model in U.S. Pat. 2,703,332, granted Mar. 1, 1955.
  • the preferred carbanilides of (b) above include 3,4,4- trichlorocarbanilide; 3 trifluoromethyl-4,4-dichlorocarbanilide; 3 trifluoromethyl-3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide; 3,3'-bis(trifluoromethyl) 4 ethoxy 4' chlorocarbanilide; and 3,5 bis(trifluoromethyl) 4 chlorocarbanilide.
  • R represents an alkylene radical
  • the preferred compounds of the general class of (0) above are those which are symmetrical in structural configuration, such as bis(S chloro-Z-hydroxyphenyl) methane, bis(3,5-dichloro-2hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(3,5,6 trichloro-Z- hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(3,5 dichloro 2-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis (3,5,6-trichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)sul fide, and mixtures thereof.
  • Additional antimicrobial compounds suitable for use in this invention are N-trichloromethylmercapto l-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide and N-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylsulfenyl -cis-A-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide.
  • Preferred antibacterial agents employed herein are salts of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide which has the following structural formula in tautomeric form, the sulfur being attached to the number 2 position of the pyridine ring:
  • antimicrobial compounds are used in particulate form, with average particle sizes ranging from about 0.2 to about 30 microns.
  • the quantity of antimicrobial agent employed can range from about 0.1% to about 10% and preferably from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight.
  • Preferred antimicrobial detergent compositions in accordance with this invention especially adapted to washing hair and scalp are comprised of from about to about 35% by weight of at least one non-soap anionic, polar nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant; from about 0.25% to about 2.0% by weight of a watersoluble cationic nitrogen-containing polymer having a cationic charge density greater than about .001 and having an average molecular weight within the range from about 30,000 to about 1,000,000; from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight of a water-soluble or sparingly soluble antimicrobial substance in particulate form; and the balance substantially water.
  • Detergent compositions in accordance with this invention can be prepared by methods well known in the art; however, as hereinbefore indicated, it has been found that especially good results are obtained when the cationic polymer and particulate substances are uniformly admixed in an initial step, with the mixture then being added to an aqueous solution or slurry of the surfactant. If the polymeric component and particulate substance are added to the surfactant separately, the degree of deposition and retention enhancement effected by the polymer will be somewhat less.
  • aqueous vehicle which may, in addition, include such materials as organic solvents, such as ethanol; thickeners, such as carboxymethylcellulose, magnesiumaluminum silicate, hydroxyethylcellulose or methylcellulose; perfumes; sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; and opacifiers, such as zinc stearate or magnesium stearate, which are useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the product.
  • organic solvents such as ethanol
  • thickeners such as carboxymethylcellulose, magnesiumaluminum silicate, hydroxyethylcellulose or methylcellulose
  • perfumes such as tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
  • opacifiers such as zinc stearate or magnesium stearate, which are useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the product.
  • coconut acyl monoor diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may be used to advantage.
  • Toilet detergent or soap bars containing a cationic polymer and particulate substance according to this invention can be based on soap or non-soap synthetic detergents and can also contain a variety of adjuvants to improve product performance or appearance.
  • adjuvants include free fatty acids or cold cream to improve cosmetic properties, perfumes, inorganic salts to improve bar firmness, insoluble soap to improve bar texture, coloring matter and the like.
  • such detergents can be in granular, flake, liquid or tablet form and can contain, in addition to detergent and inorganic or organic builder compounds (such as those disclosed by Diehl in U.S. Pat. 3,159,581, granted Dec. 1, 1964), minor amounts of adjuvant materials which make the product more effective or more attractive.
  • a tarnish inhibitor such as benzotriazole or ethylenethiourea may also be added in amounts up to about 2%.
  • Fluorescers, perfume and color while not essential in the compositions of the invention, can be added in amounts up to about 1%.
  • alkaline material or alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
  • supplementary pH adjusters can also be mentioned as suitable additives, brightening agents, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
  • Corrosion inhibitors generally are also added.
  • Soluble silicates are highly effective inhibitors and can be added to certain formulas of this invention at levels of from about 3% to about 8%.
  • Alkali metal, preferably potassium or sodium, silicates having a weight ratio of SiO :M O of from 1.0:1 to 2.811 can advantageously be used. M in this ratio refers to sodium or potassium.
  • a sodium silicate having a ratio of SiO :Na O of about 1.6:1 to 2.45:1 is especially preferred for economy and effectiveness.
  • a hydrotropic agent at times is found desirable.
  • Suitable hydrotropes are water-soluble alkali metal salts of toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, and xylenesulfonate.
  • the preferred hydrotropes are the potassium or sodium toluenesulfonates.
  • the hydrotrope salt can be added, if desired, at levels of 1% to about 12%. While a hydrotrope will not ordinarily be found necessary, it can be added if so desired, for any reason including the preparation of a product which retains its homogeneity at a low temperature.
  • coconut alkyl as used herein and in the following examples refers to alkyl groups which are derived from the middle cut of coconut alcohol having the following approximate chain length distribution: 2% C 66% C12, 23% C and 9% C Other compounds designated as coconut oil derived are based on unfractionated' coconut oil or its fatty acids.
  • a shampoo composition was prepared having the following composition:
  • Sodium coconut alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate about 23% diglyceryl and the balance substantially monoglyceryl
  • Sodium tallow alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate about 23% diglyceryl and the balance substantially monoglyceryl; the tallow alkyls correspond to those of substantially saturated tallow alcohols and contain approximately 2% C 32% C and Water Balance 1 Average particle size 2 microns.
  • the zinc pyridinethione and ethoxylated polyethylenimine were uniformly admixed and added to and uniformly mixed with the balance of the components.
  • the resulting product was a stable cream having excellent cosmetic and antidandrutf properties.
  • the degree of deposition of zinc pyridinethione from this composition was.
  • EXAMPLE II Another antimicrobial detergent formulation in accordance with this invention is formulated as follows:
  • This composition provides a substantial degree of antidandruff elfect when used in the customary fashion.
  • the degree of deposition and retention of particulate zinc pyridinethione on the hair and scalp after shampooing with this product is substantially greater than is attained with a similar composition without the polyethylenimine/ ethylene oxide reaction product.
  • Tin Z-pyridmethiol-l-oxide (average particle size 7 microns)
  • Zirconium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (average particle size 4 microns)
  • Water nut alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride can be used in place of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate without loss of the improved deposition and retention of zirconium 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide particles effected by the polyethylemmine.
  • sodium coconut alkyl (ethoxy) sulfate can be replaced with the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide 'with propylene glycol and :having a molecular weight of 1600 or the condensat1on product of octyl phenol and ethylene oxide using a 1mole ratio of 1:15, with substantially equivalent resu ts.
  • a control composition was formulated as in Example I, but omitting the polyethylenimine/ethylene oxide reaction product.
  • a composition similar in formulation but containing 0.5% of polyethylenimine having a cationic charge density of .004 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 and a molecular weight Of 50,000 was prepared and designated test composition A.
  • a test composition designated B which differed from the control composition in containing 0.5% of the polyethylenimine of composition A and 1.0% of zinc Z-pyridine-thiol-l-oxide having an average particle size of 2 microns rather than 2.0% of this latter component as in the control composition, was also prepared.
  • the hair of 16 female subjects was shampooed by experienced beauty shop operators who washed half of the hair and scalp of each subject with the control composition. The other half of the subjects hair and scalp was washed in the assigned test composition.
  • the test and control composition were used ad libitum, in quantities sufficient to provide a good lather. After lathering for 45 seconds, the hair was rinsed and the compositions were reapplied, lathered for 45 seconds and rinsed again. The hair was then dried.
  • a sample of cornified epithelium from both the control and test halves of each subjects scalp was obtained by applying cellulose adhesive tape against the scalp. The tape was then placed on a glass slide with the adhesive in contact with the glass.
  • the slide was examined with a polarizing microscope at approximately 400 diameters with polaroids crossed. While the cornified epithelium exhibited some degree of birefringence, the highly anisotropic properties of the particulate zinc 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide made it readily visible under such 'viewing conditions. The relative quantity of particulate zinc Z-pryidinethiol 1 oxide was then graded on a 0 to 4 scale, with a grade of 4 indicating heavy deposition, and 0 indicating substantially no deposition.
  • Examples V11 VIII 1 Molecular weight 10,000; cationic charge density .004 in aqueous solu 2 Weight ratio 2:1; molecular weight 30,000; cationic charge density gre tion at pH 7.0. ater than .001 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • composition C containing only half as much zinc Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide as the control was yet greater than the control.
  • Composition D which contains 1.0% polymer and only A as much zinc Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide than the control displayed only moderately less deposition than the control.
  • Composition E which contains 2% polymer and only half as much zinc 2-pyridinethiol-loxide as the control, provides somewhat greater deposition than the control.
  • Composition F containing 2.0% polymer and only A as much zinc 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide as the control, provides a degree of deposition approximately equal to the control.
  • Dandruff scales are collected from the scalps of afflicted individuals and mounted on glass slides with a clear acrylic adhesive.
  • the dandruff slides are covered with a clean white polyester/cotton cloth, wetted with water, and washed with a test detergent composition by brushing the cloth-covered slide with a soft toothbrush and using 20 grams of the detergent composition for 50 strokes.
  • the slides are then rinsed for one minute with cloth in place and then for two minutes with cloth re- 14 moved.
  • the rinse water used is tap water at 37 C. with a flow rate of 4 liters per minute.
  • the slides are then allowed to dry.
  • the washed slides are examined microscopically at 400 diameters magnification using cross polarized filters. Deposition is graded on a 0-4 scale, no deposition being given a 0 grade, while maximum expected deposition is given a 4 grade. Grades in between vary approximately linearly with the density of deposited particles. Several areas of each slide are given whole number grades before the average for that slide is taken to the nearest of a deposition grade. In each test three slides for each test material are treated in random order. All grading and washing is done on a blind basis.
  • Detergent compositions substantially corresponding to the composition of Example I but containing 0.5% by weight of zinc Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide and 2.0% by 'weight of various cationic polymers of this invention were tested against a control composition without polymer using the method described above. The following results were obtained.
  • Polyvinylimidazole substantially completely quaternized with dimethyl sulfate, having a molecular Weight of from 5 to 20 X 10 and a cationic charge density of .009.
  • Quaternary ammonium-substituted hydroxyethylcellulose ether formed by reacting a hydroxyethylcellulose ether (havi-ng a degree of substitution with hydroxyethyl groups of 1.3) with the reaction product of 0.7 mole epiclmlorohydrin and 0.7 mole of Itrimethylamine per substituted anhydroglucose unit thereof, said polymer having a cationic charge density of .002 and a molecular weight within the range from about 200,000 %to 230,000.
  • the deposition and retention of the particulate antimicrobial agent 3,4',S-tribromosalicylanilide upon skin washed with the above composition is substantially greater 15 than H occurs with 7 a control composition without cationic polymer.
  • Toilet detergent bars identical in composition to the bar described above are prepared, replacing the 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide with 4 micron particles of the antimicrobial agents 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide; 4,4'-dichloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)carbanilide; bis(2 hydroxy 3,5,6-trichlorophenyl)methane; and a 1:1 mixture of 4,4-dichloro- 3-(trifluoromethyl)carbanilide and 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide, respectively, with improved deposition and retention of the antimicrobial particles being attained in each case. relative to control compositions without cationic polymer.
  • Example XII Additional toilet detergent bars are prepared as in Example XII each containing one of the following cationic polymers in place of the quaternary ammonium-substituted cellulose ether polymer employed therein:
  • Each of these toilet detergent bars provides a degree of 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide particle deposition and retention on skin washed therewith which is substantially greater than is attained with toilet detergent control bars without such polymers.
  • Polyvinylimirlazole in which 80% of the vinylirnidazole units are quarternized with dimethyl sulfate, having a molecular weight of 250,000 and a cationic charge density of .007.
  • Toilet detergent bars desirably contain a sunscreen or ultraviolet absorber which will deposit on the skin in the course of washing therewith to provide protection against harmful sun rays.
  • a toilet soap bar containing ,an ultraviolet absorber is formulated in accordance with this invention as follows: Percent by weight Sodium soap of 50:50 itallow-zcoconut fatty acids 13.19 Coconut fatty acid 7.30 Cold cream 1.10
  • the toilet soap bar of this example effects a substantially greater degree of deposition and retention of the particulate ultraviolet asborber (2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone) on the washed skin surfaces than does an identical composition without polymer.
  • toilet soap bars formulated in accordance with Example XIV are prepared containing polyvinylimidazole substantially completely quaternized with dimethyl sul-' fate, having a molecular weight of 200,000 and a cationic charge density of .009; quaternized poly(p-dirnethylaminomethylstyrene) having a molecular weight of 250,000 and a cationiccharge density of .006; and JR-1L, a quaternary ammonium-substituted cellulose derivative supplied by Union Carbide, having a molecular weight within the range from 100,000 to 1,000,000, and a cationic charge density of .004; respectively, in place of the cationic polymer employed in that
  • insoluble particulatesubstances which are desirably incorporated in toilet soap or detergent bars include the so-called skin feel enhancers.
  • skin feel enhancers Such materials are deposited as particles on the skin in the course of washing and create a favorable skin feel after washing.
  • Such materials include, for example, nicotinic acid, talc and silicones, such as Dow-Corning Silicone F-157. These materials are desirablyincorporated in a toiletbar formula at levels of about 10% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE XV A bar soap formulation as set forth in Example XIV is prepared substituting 10.2% by weight of nicotinic acid particles (average particlesize 5 microns) for the 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and "coconut fatty acid. The resulting composition yields a substantially greater degree of deposition and retention of nicotinic acid particles on skin washed with the bar than is attained with a bar similarly formulated but without cationic polymer. Similar results are obtained when Dow-Co rn' 17' used in heavy-duty laundry detergent products in concentrations up to about 1% by weight.
  • a built liquid detergent formulation containing a particulate bluing material and a cationic polymer in accordance with this invention is formulated as follows:
  • tallow alkyls correspond to those of substantially saturated tallow alcohols and contain approximately 2% Cu, 32% C and 66% 0 s.
  • Polymer (1) in the above example is poly (diethlaminoethylmethacrylate) substantially completely quaternized with dimethylsuliate, hfazig a molecular weight of 2,000,000 and a cationic charge density 0
  • Polymer (2) is JR-IL.
  • Polymer (3) is polyethylenimine/ethylene oxide reaction product (weight ratio 1:1) molecular weight 80,000120,000 and cationic charge density of .004 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0.
  • Polymer (4) is primafloe C-3.
  • compositions provides a substantially greater degree of deposition and retention of the particulate antimicrobial agents contained therein than similar compositions formulated without these polymers.
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of: (I) from about 2% to about of an organic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic, ampholytic, polar nonionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic surfactants and cationic surfactants selected What is claimed is:
  • n is an integer from 1 to 3
  • p is an integer from 0 to 10
  • antimicrobial substances selected from the group consisting of:
  • R is an alkylene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or divalent sulfur
  • R0911 is the residue of an anhydroglucose unit
  • Y is an integer from 50 to 20,000
  • each R has the general formula:
  • n is an integer from 0 to 3
  • p is an integer from 0 to 10.
  • composition of claim 1 wherein the cationic polymer is a quaternary ammonium-substituted cellulose ether derivative formed by reacting a hydroxyethylcellulose ether having a degree of substitution with hydroxyethyl groups of 1.3 with the reaction product of 0.7 mole of epichlorohydrin and 0.7 mole of trimethylamine per substituted anhydroglucose unit thereof.
  • composition of claim 1 wherein the particulate substance is an antimicrobial substance.
  • composition of claim 4 wherein the particulate substance is a heavy metal salt of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide wherein said heavy metal salt is selected fromthe group consisting of zinc, cadmium, tin, and zirconium salts.
  • composition of claim 5 wherein the heavy metal salt is zinc.
  • composition of claim 2 wherein the particulate substance is an antimicrobial substance.
  • composition of claim 7 wherein the particulate substance is a heavy metal salt of Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide wherein said heavy metal is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, tin, and zirconium salts.
  • composition of claim 1 wherein the detergent is a water-soluble salt of a member selected from the group consisting of higher fatty acids, anionic organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfuric or sulfonic acid ester radical, and acyl sarcosinates, wherein the acyl group contains from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms.

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DE1792618A1 (de) 1971-11-25
DE1792618B2 (de) 1977-07-07
BR6802634D0 (pt) 1973-01-02
JPS4720635B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-12
NL6813826A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-31
IT1046452B (it) 1980-06-30
DE1792618C3 (de) 1978-03-02
CH531041A (de) 1972-11-30
BE721384A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-25
AT310905B (de) 1973-10-25
GB1195158A (en) 1970-06-17
SE353738B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-12
FR1588952A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-16

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