US3576650A - Cryogenic plastic film package - Google Patents

Cryogenic plastic film package Download PDF

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Publication number
US3576650A
US3576650A US698771A US3576650DA US3576650A US 3576650 A US3576650 A US 3576650A US 698771 A US698771 A US 698771A US 3576650D A US3576650D A US 3576650DA US 3576650 A US3576650 A US 3576650A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
blood
films
film
temperatures
biaxially oriented
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US698771A
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English (en)
Inventor
William F Underwood
Stanley Lustig
Franklin E Schrage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delmed Inc
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
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Publication of US3576650A publication Critical patent/US3576650A/en
Assigned to DELMED, INC.; A CORP OF MA. reassignment DELMED, INC.; A CORP OF MA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
Assigned to MANUFACTURRS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY, AS AGENT reassignment MANUFACTURRS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY, AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DELMED, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S206/00—Special receptacle or package
    • Y10S206/819—Material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation

Definitions

  • a plastic film package fabricated from a biaxially oriented polyolefin film obtained from a resin composition comprising either a homopolymer and/or a copolymer of at least about 50% by weight of ethylene is utilized for packaging viable and perishable materials therein at cryogenic temperatures.
  • This invention relates to a plastic film package for perishable and/or viable materials stored at cryogenic temperatures. More particularly, this invention relates to a biaxially oriented polyolefin film as the plastic film utilized to package, preserve and maintain perishable and/or viable materials at cryogenic temperatures. Even more particularly this invention relates to a plastic film package for storing and maintaining blood, blood platelets, and other components of blood as well as human and animal organs, tissues and the like at cryogenic temperatures.
  • Fresh blood can be safely stored at refrigerator temperatures of about 4 C., for a period of only 21 days, while platelets become outdated within a few hours.
  • the plasma is separated from the blood cells and other components by centrifugation.
  • the plasma is then stored at refrigerator temperatures of about 4 C., or freeze-dried.
  • the blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, and other components of blood are then treated with a low-temperature preservative such as glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or polyvinyl pyrollidone and then frozen and stored in plastic containers at temperatures as low as -80 C, This temperature (80 C.) is the lowest temperature at which present plastic containers perform satisfactorily.
  • red blood cells may be stored for periods of use and the other com- United States Patent 0 ice ponents of blood can be stored at these temperatures for greatly extended periods.
  • metal containers are the only satisfactory containers which can be used to store these components at cryogenic temperatures in the vicinity of liquid nitrogen.
  • the figure shows a plastic film package having heat seals and tubing for collection of blood therein.
  • the objects of the present invention can be generally obtained by providing a biaxially oriented polyolefin film for use as the plastic film package for storing viable and/or perishable substances for prolonged periods of time at cryogenic temperatures and down to at least the temperature of liquid nitrogen (196 C.).
  • the films that have been found useful to accomplish the objects of the present invention can be generally described as biaxially oriented polyolefin films whose major polymeric constituent; that is, an amount greater than about 50% by weight, is ethylene,
  • these polyolefin resins can be homopolymers or can be copolymerized with other comonomers such as acrylic acid, methylacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, propylene, butylene, neo hexene and the like.
  • the resins from which the polyolefin films of the invention are obtained must have an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 1.2 and the films must be biaxially oriented at temperatures below their crystalline melting points to at least about 300% in the machine direction and the transverse direction.
  • the films when biaxially orienting a film obtained from a low density polyethylene homopolymer resin, it is pre ferred to regulate and control the temperature of the film so that it is below its crystalline melting point during biaxial orientation.
  • plastic films of this invention have been found to yield plastic films which possess and exhibit the desired and required properties and characteristics for their use as a packaging material at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the plastic fihns of this invention exhibit and possess such desirable properties as good flexibility without cracking, being readily heat-scalable, durable seals, sterility, low fabricating costs, and the like.
  • biaxially oriented polyolefin films which can be utilized in the practice of this invention can be obtained from extrusion methods and apparatus well known to those skilled in the art.
  • any conventional dry blending and extrusion techniques can be employed to obtain tubular films which can then be subsequently biaxially oriented.
  • the double-bubble process is used to produce these biaxially oriented films.
  • a primary tube is first formed by melt extrusion from a die, inflated by the admission of air, cooled, collapsed, and then reinflated to form an isolated bubble, and the tub ing is advanced through a heating zone to raise the film to its draw temperature.
  • the film is radially expanded in both the transverse and machine directions at a temperature such that orientation occurs in both directions, the expansion of the tubing'being accompanied by a sharp, sudden reduction of thickness at the draw point.
  • T o obtain the films of this invention, this secondary bubble should be subjected to stretching of a magnitude of at least about 300% in the machine and transverse directions.
  • the preferred draw temperature is 15 F. to 50 F. below the crystalline melting point of the resin.
  • the well known tentering techniques may be employed for biorientation of the films obtained in sheet form.
  • the resins or bioriented films which will exhibit the required minimum intrinsic viscosity
  • direct polymerization of the resin components to the required intrinsic viscosity is preferred.
  • the resins or films can be subjected to mechanical cross-linking techniques, such as irradiation or be subjected to chemical treatments, such as employing an oxidizing agent, and the like. It has been found that annealing the bioriented film reduces the tendency of the film to pucker during heat-sealing.
  • the resin from which the bioriented film is made should be extruded and the films should be melt-fusible for good sealing.
  • the resin formulation should be relatively free of toxic and/ or migratory agents such as plasticizers, anti-oxidants, anti-blocking and slip agents to obviate the possibility of these agents leaching out and contaminating the contents of the package. This criteria would also apply with regard to other typically utilized additives such as stabilizers, lubricants, colorants and the like.
  • the biaxially oriented polyolefin films of this invention can be used as packaging material for the preservation of blood, blood platelets, other components of blood and the like at cryogenic temperatures and, more particularly, at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-196 C.).
  • a great deal of research has been and continues to be conducted regarding the characterization of diiferent blood types and the collection, storage, freezing, handling and reconstitution of human blood for future use.
  • blood is collected from the donor in specially constructed, plasticized vinyl chloride bags which are provided with a small diameter vinyl tubing. After collection, small samples of the blood are sealed off in the attached vinyl tubing in order to facilitate sampling of the blood for various purposes.
  • the blood samples are then stored at refrigerated temperatures which are usually above freezing (about 40 F.) until processed and/or subsequently frozen.
  • the processing of blood for storage consists in separating the blood plasma from the whole blood by centrifugation.
  • the plasma is then freeze-dried and the blood cell portion of the centrifugate is then modified by adding thereto a 15% glycerol solution which serves as a preservative for the blood cells at sub-zero temperatures.
  • This mixture is then placed in special containers and frozen at a predetermined rate by immersing the container in liquid nitrogen. After freezing, the blood is then stored in these containers at liquid nitrogen temperatures for a year or more as required.
  • specially constructed stainless steel or aluminum containers are generally employed for this purpose.
  • the frozen blood cells can be reconstituted by thawing them at a prescribed rate through the immersion of the container in appropriate liquids. After thawing, the glycerine is removed by repeatedly rinsing the blood cells with bufler solutions and then subjecting the rinsed and Washed blood cells to centrifugation. After the blood cells have been reconstituted, they are then mixed with solutions of plasma reconstituted from freeze-dried plasma in order to obtain blood suitable for human transfusion.
  • a material as a substitute for the presently employed stainless steel or aluminum containers for packaging and preserving blood at cryogenic temperatures must, therefore, meet the same criteria as do the stainless steel or aluminum containers.
  • a material must exhibit the following properties: it must have good structural strength and flexibility at cryogenic temperatures down to liquid nitrogen temperatures; that is, to at least about 196 C.; it must exhibit low permeability and it must readily lend itself to conventionally and presently employed fabricating techniques.
  • the material should also be translucent or transparent.
  • a plastic material, such as the biaxially oriented polyolefin films of this invention, must especially exhibit inertness when in contact with blood; be heat scalable and having heat seals which are durable at low temperatures.
  • such a container would be one equipped with side tubes for the collection of blood from a donor, permit centrifugation to remove plasma, be able to be subjected to cryogenic temperatures of at least about -196 C. and storage at these temperatures for prolonged periods of time, withstand subsequent reconstitution of the blood or plasma contained therein and, ultimately, be used as the transfusion container.
  • EXAMPLE I One criterion of the usefulness of plastic films as a packaging material at cryogenic trneperatures to at least about --196 C. is its ability to be flexed at these temperatures without cracking, rupturing or otherwise failing and Without damaging the materials packaged therein. In order to determine the ability of various plastic films to resist damage or failure during flexing at cryogenic temperatures, samples of a variety of plastic films were first coiled into a loose roll, immersed in liquid nitrogen (196 C.) for at least about 30 seconds, and immeediately thereafter removed from the liquid nitrogen and subjected to severe flexing by hand.
  • liquid nitrogen 196 C.
  • Bioriented, high density polyethylene 2. 9 0. 960 0 20-0. 30 0.9592 0. 4-0. 5 Do. Biorieilted etliylene-methyl acrylic acid copolymer cont Insoluble 0. 940 1. 2 0. 9450 0. 75 Do.
  • the biaxially oriented polyolefin films (Films Nos. 2-8 and 10-14) appear tobe quite resistant to flex damage at liquid nitrogen temperatures. It will also be noted that the biaxially oriented polyolefin and polyolefin copolymer films obtained from resins having an intrinsic viscosity greater than 1.2 were more resistant to flex damage than films obtained from those resins having lower intrinsic viscosity (Film No. 9). All of the blown polyolefin films (Films Nos. 15-18) can be seen to be severely damaged when flexed at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The bioriented ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer films obtained from resin formulations having a low intrinsic viscosity (Films Nos. 18-20) were severely damaged opon flexing.
  • EXAMPLE II A commonly accepted standard of determining the effectiveness of freezing and storing blood cells and then reconstituting the blood for subsequent use is the minimum levels of hemoglobin in the supernatant of the centrifuged blood after it has been thawed and washed since most of the damage to blood cells is believed to occur during freezing. According to generally accepted standards, the percent recovery of the hemoglobin should be at least 50% to attain an effective freezing, storing and reconstitution use.
  • the blood cells in the bags were frozen in about 2 minutes and, while they were being frozen, they were not agitated; that is, they were not shaken or disturbed. Thawing of the blood samples was carried out in water which was maintained at a temperature of about 45 C. with mild agitation of the bags in the water until the temperature of the blood samples in the bags was about 15 -20 C. Agitation of the bags containing the blood samples was achieved by slowly moving the bags manually through the water bath. Complete thawing of the blood samples was attained in about 2% minutes which was comparable to that usually required when stainless steel containers are employed.
  • the supernatant hemoglobin level immediately after thawing of the blood cells was found to be 690 milligrams per 100 milliliters (mg/100 ml.) in the stainless steel containers as opposed to 760 mg./100 ml. in the biaxially oriented polyethylene film bags.
  • the level of the supernatant hemoglobin in the stainless steel containers was measured at mg./10O ml. while in the biaxially oriented polyethylene film bags, it measured 145 mg./ ml.
  • the blood cells were then reconstituted by resuspension in blood plasma at which time the level of supernatant hemoglobin in the stainless steel containers was measured at 30 mg./100 ml.
  • the percent overall recovery of the blood cells obtained from the stainless steel containers was calculated to be about 94% :3% while that from the biaxially oriented polyethylene film bags was calculated to be about 93.4%.
  • these biaxially oriented polyolefin films also lend themselves to the storage of cultures which are used primarily as bulk starters in the manufacture of cheeses and for the fermentation of such food items as olives, cucumbers, sauerkraut, beer and the like; to preserve human and animal organs and tissues such as bone, cornea, skin and the like as well as human kidneys for subsequent transplant; to store both animal and human semen which can be subsequently used for artificial insemination; to store and ship pathogens for future study and examination; and to store, ship and preserve miscellaneous animal cultures such as tumors for subsequent study and evaluation.
  • a process for storing and preserving viable and perishable materials at cryogenic temperatures on the order of about that of liquid nitrogen comprises providing a polyolefin film which has been biaxially oriented to at least 300% in both the machine direction and the transverse direction at a temperature between about 15 F. and 50 F.
  • said polyolefin film having been obtained from a polymer composition consisting of at least 50% by weight of a polyolefin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene, the remainder of said composition being selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, butylene and neohexene, said polymer composition having an intrinsic viscosity in Decalin at 130 C. of at least 1.2,
  • a package comprising viable and perishable materials for storage at a temperature about that of liquid nitrogen contained within a polyolefin film which has been biaxially oriented to at least 300% in both the machine direction and the transverse direction at a temperature between 15 F. and F. below its melting point, said polyolefin film having been obtained from a polymer composition consisting of at least 50% by weight of a polyolefin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene, the remainder of said composition being selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, butylene and neohexene, said polymer composition having an intrinsic viscosity in Decalin at C. of at least 1.2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
US698771A 1968-01-18 1968-01-18 Cryogenic plastic film package Expired - Lifetime US3576650A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69877168A 1968-01-18 1968-01-18

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US3576650A true US3576650A (en) 1971-04-27

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US698771A Expired - Lifetime US3576650A (en) 1968-01-18 1968-01-18 Cryogenic plastic film package

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US (1) US3576650A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5734083B1 (ja)
BE (1) BE727076A (ja)
CA (1) CA941742A (ja)
DE (1) DE1901751C3 (ja)
DK (1) DK125076B (ja)
FR (1) FR2000407A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1258092A (ja)
NL (1) NL157570B (ja)
SE (1) SE368166B (ja)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4897393A (ja) * 1972-03-25 1973-12-12
DE2428351A1 (de) * 1974-06-12 1976-01-02 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Gefaess zum gefrieren und aufbewahren von blut
US3942529A (en) * 1967-02-01 1976-03-09 Investrop A.G. Package and method for storing blood
US3952536A (en) * 1971-08-30 1976-04-27 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus for cryogenic freezing of fluid filled pouches
US4018222A (en) * 1975-02-10 1977-04-19 Merck & Co., Inc. Syringe containing frozen vaccine
JPS5259985A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-17 Baxter Travenol Lab Flexible collapsible blood refrigerating container
JPS5358492U (ja) * 1976-10-21 1978-05-18
US4090374A (en) * 1975-05-23 1978-05-23 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus for cryogenic freezing of fluid filled pouches
US4131200A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-12-26 Union Carbide Corporation Thermoplastic blood bag
US4194369A (en) * 1973-01-23 1980-03-25 Delmed, Inc. Cryogenically frozen package articles
EP0098312A1 (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-01-18 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. A container resistant to extremely low temperatures
US4453940A (en) * 1977-01-08 1984-06-12 Terumo Corporation Autoclavable medicinal-containing bag from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
US4465487A (en) * 1981-06-16 1984-08-14 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Container for medical use
US4470264A (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-09-11 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Life support apparatus for human blood and compositions thereof
US4630448A (en) * 1985-10-25 1986-12-23 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Container for storing solid living tissue portions
US4730460A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-03-15 Castleton, Inc. Ultra - rapid plasma freezing with halocarbon heat transfer liquids
US4803842A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-02-14 Castleton, Inc. Direct contact cooling of foodstuffs with halocarbon heat transfer liquids
US4804363A (en) * 1986-07-16 1989-02-14 Autologous Blood Corporation Apparatus and method for storing and processing blood
WO1992006663A1 (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-30 The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Blood cryopreservation container
USRE33924E (en) * 1986-07-16 1992-05-12 Autologous Blood Corp. Apparatus and method for storing and processing blood
US5250044A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-10-05 Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Blood cryopreservation container
WO1995007818A1 (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-03-23 Baxter International Inc. Medical container port
US5591337A (en) * 1993-09-14 1997-01-07 Baxter International Inc. Apparatus for filtering leukocytes from blood cells
US6022344A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-02-08 Npbi International B.V. Cryopreservation bag
US6146124A (en) * 1996-06-25 2000-11-14 Thermogenesis Corp. Freezing and thawing bag, mold, apparatus and method
US6213334B1 (en) 1996-09-05 2001-04-10 Baxter International Inc Flexible, three-dimensional containers and methods for making them
US6361642B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2002-03-26 Baxter International Inc. Heat and pressure-formed flexible containers
US6808675B1 (en) 1996-06-25 2004-10-26 Thermogenesis Corp. Freezing and thawing bag, mold, apparatus and method
US20050153035A1 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-14 Winterlab Limited Presentation board for freezing meat product
US20070157654A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2007-07-12 Per-Oskar Persson Cassette and apparatus for liquid freezing
US20110139723A1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 General Electric Company Disposable fluid path systems and methods for processing complex biological materials
US20160008223A1 (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-14 Fenwal, Inc. Minimization of air ingress in solution containers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0201060A3 (en) * 1985-05-07 1987-12-09 Teijin Limited Package of polyester fibers
JPS6454172U (ja) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-04

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461975A (en) * 1945-10-20 1949-02-15 Visking Corp Method of making flattened thermoplastic tubing of predetermined desired characteristics
GB982597A (en) * 1961-05-24 1965-02-10 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to polypropylene films
GB964627A (en) * 1961-11-28 1964-07-22 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Producing biaxially oriented polypropylene film
FR1471018A (fr) * 1965-03-12 1967-02-24 Union Carbide Corp Procédé d'orientation bi-axiale d'un tube de matière thermoplastique

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942529A (en) * 1967-02-01 1976-03-09 Investrop A.G. Package and method for storing blood
US3952536A (en) * 1971-08-30 1976-04-27 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus for cryogenic freezing of fluid filled pouches
JPS4897393A (ja) * 1972-03-25 1973-12-12
JPS5441838B2 (ja) * 1972-03-25 1979-12-11
US4194369A (en) * 1973-01-23 1980-03-25 Delmed, Inc. Cryogenically frozen package articles
DE2428351A1 (de) * 1974-06-12 1976-01-02 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Gefaess zum gefrieren und aufbewahren von blut
US4018222A (en) * 1975-02-10 1977-04-19 Merck & Co., Inc. Syringe containing frozen vaccine
US4090374A (en) * 1975-05-23 1978-05-23 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus for cryogenic freezing of fluid filled pouches
JPS5259985A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-17 Baxter Travenol Lab Flexible collapsible blood refrigerating container
FR2330606A1 (fr) * 1975-11-06 1977-06-03 Baxter Travenol Lab Recipients flexibles deformables pour la congelation du sang
JPS5544977B2 (ja) * 1975-11-06 1980-11-14
US4131200A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-12-26 Union Carbide Corporation Thermoplastic blood bag
JPS5358492U (ja) * 1976-10-21 1978-05-18
JPS5555069Y2 (ja) * 1976-10-21 1980-12-19
US4453940A (en) * 1977-01-08 1984-06-12 Terumo Corporation Autoclavable medicinal-containing bag from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
US4465487A (en) * 1981-06-16 1984-08-14 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Container for medical use
EP0098312A1 (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-01-18 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. A container resistant to extremely low temperatures
US4482585A (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-11-13 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Container resistant to extremely low temperatures
US4470264A (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-09-11 Engineering & Research Associates, Inc. Life support apparatus for human blood and compositions thereof
US4630448A (en) * 1985-10-25 1986-12-23 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Container for storing solid living tissue portions
US4804363A (en) * 1986-07-16 1989-02-14 Autologous Blood Corporation Apparatus and method for storing and processing blood
USRE33924E (en) * 1986-07-16 1992-05-12 Autologous Blood Corp. Apparatus and method for storing and processing blood
US4730460A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-03-15 Castleton, Inc. Ultra - rapid plasma freezing with halocarbon heat transfer liquids
US4803842A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-02-14 Castleton, Inc. Direct contact cooling of foodstuffs with halocarbon heat transfer liquids
US5209745A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-05-11 Irr Joseph D Blood cryopreservation container
US5250044A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-10-05 Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Blood cryopreservation container
WO1992006663A1 (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-30 The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Blood cryopreservation container
WO1995007818A1 (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-03-23 Baxter International Inc. Medical container port
US5507904A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-04-16 Baxter International Inc. Method of making a medical container port tangential to the container
US5591337A (en) * 1993-09-14 1997-01-07 Baxter International Inc. Apparatus for filtering leukocytes from blood cells
US5772880A (en) * 1993-09-14 1998-06-30 Baxter International, Inc. Container with a tangential port
US6232115B1 (en) 1996-06-25 2001-05-15 Thermogenesis Corp. Freezing and thawing bag, mold, apparatus and method
US6808675B1 (en) 1996-06-25 2004-10-26 Thermogenesis Corp. Freezing and thawing bag, mold, apparatus and method
US6146124A (en) * 1996-06-25 2000-11-14 Thermogenesis Corp. Freezing and thawing bag, mold, apparatus and method
US6213334B1 (en) 1996-09-05 2001-04-10 Baxter International Inc Flexible, three-dimensional containers and methods for making them
US6361642B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2002-03-26 Baxter International Inc. Heat and pressure-formed flexible containers
US6022344A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-02-08 Npbi International B.V. Cryopreservation bag
US20050153035A1 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-14 Winterlab Limited Presentation board for freezing meat product
US20070157654A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2007-07-12 Per-Oskar Persson Cassette and apparatus for liquid freezing
US20110139723A1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 General Electric Company Disposable fluid path systems and methods for processing complex biological materials
US8512566B2 (en) * 2009-12-11 2013-08-20 General Electric Company Disposable fluid path systems and methods for processing complex biological materials
US20160008223A1 (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-14 Fenwal, Inc. Minimization of air ingress in solution containers
US10478381B2 (en) * 2014-07-08 2019-11-19 Fenwal, Inc. Minimization of air ingress in solution containers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1901751C3 (de) 1981-12-03
GB1258092A (ja) 1971-12-22
FR2000407A1 (ja) 1969-09-05
BE727076A (ja) 1969-07-17
CA941742A (en) 1974-02-12
JPS5734083B1 (ja) 1982-07-21
DK125076B (da) 1972-12-27
DE1901751B2 (de) 1981-01-22
SE368166B (ja) 1974-06-24
NL6900837A (ja) 1969-07-22
NL157570B (nl) 1978-08-15
DE1901751A1 (de) 1969-11-27

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