US3567526A - Limitation of carbon in single crystal or columnar-grained nickel base superalloys - Google Patents
Limitation of carbon in single crystal or columnar-grained nickel base superalloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3567526A US3567526A US725889A US3567526DA US3567526A US 3567526 A US3567526 A US 3567526A US 725889 A US725889 A US 725889A US 3567526D A US3567526D A US 3567526DA US 3567526 A US3567526 A US 3567526A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- columnar
- single crystal
- nickel
- base superalloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethanolammonium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.OCC[NH2+]CCO NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B21/00—Unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials
- C30B21/02—Unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials by normal casting or gradient freezing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
Definitions
- This invention relates primarily to the strong, hightemperature alloys, particularly the nickel-base superalloys, and to casting compositions for use in the controlled solidification of these superalloys.
- a nickel-base superalloy is typically a nickel/ chromium solid solution hardened by the additions of aluminum, titanium and/ or niobium to precipitate the intermetallic compound Ni (M) where M is aluminum, titanium, niobium or a combination thereof.
- Commercial superalloys in addition, usually contain cobalt to raise the solvus temperature of the precipitate, refractory metal additions for solution strengthening, and carbon, boron and zirconium to promote creep-rupture ductility.
- Carbon has traditionally been employed as a necessary alloying addition in the polycrystalline nickel-base superalloys. Most of the carbon combines with other alloying ingredients such as titanium, chromium, zirconium, niobium and tungsten to form metal carbides in a variety of phases (MC, M C M C and M C the particular phase or phases present depending on the composition and heat treatment. Since the high temperature stress-rupture life and ductility of the superalloys containing carbides are superior to those without the carbides, the carbon alloying additions have, in the past, generally been considered essential in the polycrystalline superalloys. This is confirmed by a recent study by J. P. Stroup and L. A. Pugliese in Metal Progress, vol.
- alloys heretofore utilized in the various directional solidification processes have been of the same composition as those alloys utilized in the conventional casting techniques and, accordingly, have included the usual carbon alloying additions.
- Representative nickel-base superalloys and their conventional compositions are set forth below.
- Alloy designation Composition (percent by weight) MAR-M20O 9 Cr, 10 O0, 2 Ti, 5 Al, 12.5 W, 1 Nb, .015 B, .05 Zr,
- the present invention relates to the discovery that the carbon content of the columnar-grained and single crystal castings of the nackel-base superalloys should be limited to a maximum of about 100 parts per million (.01 percent by weight).
- the fatigue properties of the nickel-base superalloys in columnar-grained and single crystal forms can be substantially improved by eliminating the MC-type carbides from the alloy microstructure. This is accomplished by limiting the carbon content of the alloy to a maximum of about 100 parts per million (0.0-1 percent by weight). Such carbon levels may be achieved by melting and casting the superalloys under vacuum without intentionally adding carbon to the alloy. Any carbon that is present is accordingly the result of carbon impurities present in the various elements used in the alloying process. With the carbides no longer required or desired in the alloy, small adjustments may be made to the nominal composition of the various alloys to take into account the fact that certain amounts of the elements are no longer utilized in formation of the carbides. Typical low carbon MAR- M200 and UDIMET 700 compositions are compared in Table -H with the corresponding alloys at their normal chemistry.
- a unidirectionally-solidified article which consists of a first phase consisting principally of a nickel/ chromium solid solution and a second phase consisting of an intermetallic compound of the composition Ni (M), where M is aluminum, titanium, niobium or a combination there: of and a maximum carbon content of about 0.01 percent, the article being further characterized by the substantial absence of large carbides in the microstructure.
- a unidirectional cast article of pronounced anistropy which consists of afirst phase principally consisting ola nickel/chromium solid solution and a second phase consisting of an intermetallic compound of nickel with aluminum arid titanium and a maximum carbon content of about 0.01 percent, the article being characterized by the substantial absence of carbides in the microstructure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72588968A | 1968-05-01 | 1968-05-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3567526A true US3567526A (en) | 1971-03-02 |
Family
ID=24916366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US725889A Expired - Lifetime US3567526A (en) | 1968-05-01 | 1968-05-01 | Limitation of carbon in single crystal or columnar-grained nickel base superalloys |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3567526A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS4821685B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE732271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA928992A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH528597A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2007572A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1260195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SE (1) | SE368721B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3767479A (en) * | 1972-02-14 | 1973-10-23 | Gen Electric | Multicomponent eutectics for high temperature applications |
| DE2821524A1 (de) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-12-07 | United Technologies Corp | Waermebehandelter nickelbasissuperlegierungsgegenstand sowie verfahren und zwischeneinkristallgegenstand zu seiner herstellung |
| US4382838A (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1983-05-10 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Novel silicon crystals and process for their preparation |
| DE3334352A1 (de) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-22 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | Wellen mit hohem modul |
| US4769107A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1988-09-06 | Heliotronic Forschungs- Und Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fur Solarzellen-Grundstoffe Mbh | Process and apparatus for the cyclical manufacture of silicon shaped articles |
| US4915907A (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1990-04-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having reduced anisotropy |
| US4981528A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1991-01-01 | Rockwell International Corporation | Hot isostatic pressing of single crystal superalloy articles |
| US5399313A (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1995-03-21 | General Electric Company | Nickel-based superalloys for producing single crystal articles having improved tolerance to low angle grain boundaries |
| US5549765A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-08-27 | Howmet Corporation | Clean single crystal nickel base superalloy |
| US5573609A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1996-11-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Hot isostatic pressing of single crystal superalloy articles |
| DE3612628A1 (de) * | 1986-03-27 | 1998-11-05 | Gen Electric | Superlegierungen auf Nickelbasis zur Herstellung von Einkristall-Gegenständen mit verbesserter Kleinwinkel-Korngrenzen-Toleranz |
| US6217286B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2001-04-17 | General Electric Company | Unidirectionally solidified cast article and method of making |
| US20040200549A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-10-14 | Cetel Alan D. | High strength, hot corrosion and oxidation resistant, equiaxed nickel base superalloy and articles and method of making |
| US20050139295A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-06-30 | General Electric Company | Method for selecting a reduced-tantalum superalloy composition of matter and article made therefrom |
| DE102008036450A1 (de) | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Labyrinth-Dichtungssteg-Reparaturverfahren für Gasturbinen |
| US20110165012A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-07-07 | Marco Innocenti | Nickel-based superalloy, mechanical component made of the above mentioned super alloy, piece of turbomachinery which includes the above mentioned component and related methods |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2578554B1 (fr) * | 1985-03-06 | 1987-05-22 | Snecma | Alliage monocristallin a matrice a base de nickel |
| US5156808A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1992-10-20 | General Electric Company | Fatigue crack-resistant nickel base superalloy composition |
| GB0012185D0 (en) | 2000-05-20 | 2000-07-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | Single crystal seed alloy |
| US7575038B2 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2009-08-18 | Howmet Research Corporation | Single crystal seed |
-
1968
- 1968-05-01 US US725889A patent/US3567526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-03-21 CA CA046488A patent/CA928992A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-04-16 GB GB19539/69A patent/GB1260195A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-04-23 JP JP44031936A patent/JPS4821685B1/ja active Pending
- 1969-04-25 FR FR6911840A patent/FR2007572A1/fr active Pending
- 1969-04-26 CH CH629569A patent/CH528597A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-28 SE SE06016/69A patent/SE368721B/xx unknown
- 1969-04-29 BE BE732271D patent/BE732271A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3767479A (en) * | 1972-02-14 | 1973-10-23 | Gen Electric | Multicomponent eutectics for high temperature applications |
| US4382838A (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1983-05-10 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Novel silicon crystals and process for their preparation |
| DE2821524A1 (de) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-12-07 | United Technologies Corp | Waermebehandelter nickelbasissuperlegierungsgegenstand sowie verfahren und zwischeneinkristallgegenstand zu seiner herstellung |
| US5399313A (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1995-03-21 | General Electric Company | Nickel-based superalloys for producing single crystal articles having improved tolerance to low angle grain boundaries |
| DE3334352A1 (de) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-22 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | Wellen mit hohem modul |
| US4769107A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1988-09-06 | Heliotronic Forschungs- Und Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fur Solarzellen-Grundstoffe Mbh | Process and apparatus for the cyclical manufacture of silicon shaped articles |
| DE3612628A1 (de) * | 1986-03-27 | 1998-11-05 | Gen Electric | Superlegierungen auf Nickelbasis zur Herstellung von Einkristall-Gegenständen mit verbesserter Kleinwinkel-Korngrenzen-Toleranz |
| DE3612628C2 (de) * | 1986-03-27 | 2001-11-08 | Gen Electric | Gußwerkstücke und gegossenes Einkristallwerkstück aus Superlegierungen auf Nickelbasis zur Herstellung von Einkristall-Gegenständen mit verbesserter Kleinwinkel-Korngrenzen-Toleranz |
| US4915907A (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1990-04-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having reduced anisotropy |
| US5573609A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1996-11-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Hot isostatic pressing of single crystal superalloy articles |
| US4981528A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1991-01-01 | Rockwell International Corporation | Hot isostatic pressing of single crystal superalloy articles |
| US5549765A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-08-27 | Howmet Corporation | Clean single crystal nickel base superalloy |
| US5759303A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1998-06-02 | Howmet Research Corporation | Clean single crystal nickel base superalloy |
| US6217286B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2001-04-17 | General Electric Company | Unidirectionally solidified cast article and method of making |
| US20050139295A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-06-30 | General Electric Company | Method for selecting a reduced-tantalum superalloy composition of matter and article made therefrom |
| US20040200549A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-10-14 | Cetel Alan D. | High strength, hot corrosion and oxidation resistant, equiaxed nickel base superalloy and articles and method of making |
| DE102008036450A1 (de) | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Labyrinth-Dichtungssteg-Reparaturverfahren für Gasturbinen |
| US20110165012A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-07-07 | Marco Innocenti | Nickel-based superalloy, mechanical component made of the above mentioned super alloy, piece of turbomachinery which includes the above mentioned component and related methods |
| US9359658B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2016-06-07 | Nuovo Pignone S.P.A | Nickel-based superalloy, mechanical component made of the above mentioned super alloy, piece of turbomachinery which includes the above mentioned component and related methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA928992A (en) | 1973-06-26 |
| SE368721B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-07-15 |
| GB1260195A (en) | 1972-01-12 |
| DE1919487B2 (de) | 1977-04-21 |
| JPS4821685B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-06-30 |
| BE732271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1969-10-01 |
| FR2007572A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-01-09 |
| DE1919487A1 (de) | 1969-11-13 |
| CH528597A (de) | 1972-09-30 |
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