US3561219A - Textile mat for industrial use in the field of civil engineering - Google Patents

Textile mat for industrial use in the field of civil engineering Download PDF

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Publication number
US3561219A
US3561219A US720234A US3561219DA US3561219A US 3561219 A US3561219 A US 3561219A US 720234 A US720234 A US 720234A US 3561219D A US3561219D A US 3561219DA US 3561219 A US3561219 A US 3561219A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sand
mat
woven mat
portions
woven
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Expired - Lifetime
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US720234A
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English (en)
Inventor
Masazumi Nishizawa
Kaizo Kotera
Michitsura Ohta
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • a fabric mat for soil stabilization has continuous bands of single ply fabric alternating with intervening continuous bands of two-ply fabric forming between the two plies continuous hollow tubelike containers which are filled with sand, gravel or the like. One end of the tubelike containers is closed before filling and the other after filling.
  • the mats may have selvages along opposite side edges which are secured to selvages of like mats to connect a plurality of mats together.
  • the present invention relates to a textile mat for industrial use in the field of civil engineering, more particularly to a woven mat provided with a plurality of hollowed portions for containing sand or gravel and which can be used as a material for reclamation in the field of civil engineering.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a practical woven mat having a plurality of hollowed portions for containing sand or gravel which can be used as a material for reclamation in the field of civil engineering.
  • Another object of the present invention is to make possible economical reclamation by using a textile mat of the invention in the same field.
  • Further object of the present invention is to make reclamation work easy by using a textile mat of the invention in the same field.
  • the textile mat of the present invention comprises a plurality of hollowed portions consisting of hollowed cloth, and a plurality of connecting portions between the hollowed portions without using any connecting sewing threads.
  • the hollowed portions are arranged in a parallel condition to each other, further, it is preferable to close M1ce one end of the hollowed portions of the textile mat of the invention before using as a material for reclamation.
  • the textile mat of the present invention can be easily manufactured by power looms but it is necessary to have some particular design of the Iwoven cloth for the present purpose and also consideration must be given regarding selection of the textile yarns for manufacturing the textile mat of the invention.
  • the textile mat of the invention (hereinafter called the woven mat) is lled with sand or gravel by pouring a slurry composed of ⁇ water and insoluble matters such as sand, gravel, etc., into its hollowed portions, while water passes through the numerous line intervened spaces between the textile yarns of the woven mat (hereinafter called mes Consequently, it is very easy to make a compact material of sand or gravel for reclamation in the field of the civil engineering.
  • mes numerous line intervened spaces between the textile yarns of the woven mat
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the woven mat according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the cross section of the hollowed portion of the woven mat shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the hollowed portion of the woven mat shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for showing the relation between the accumulated frequency in percent and particle size in mm. of sand contained in an experimental slurry poured into the woven mat according to the invention
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams of results obtained by experiments for showing the relation between the size of fine spaces existing in the woven mat and the maximum particle size of sand which passes through the spaces when slurry containing water and sand is poured into a hollow portion of the woven mat of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the woven mat provided Iwith a plurality of hollow portions having particular yarn density, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the woven mat shown in FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of another embodiment of the woven mat of the invention.
  • FIG. l0 is an explanatory section view, taken along line X-X in FIG. 9,
  • FIG. ll is an explanatory drawing for showing the variable yarn density of the hollow portion of another embodiment of the woven mat, according to the invention.
  • FIG. l2 is also an explanatory perspective view of the woven mat provided with reinforced edge portion, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory skeleton sketch showing a method for carrying the woven mat of the invention which is filled with sand or gravel,
  • FIGS. 14 and l5 are explanatory diagrams showing examples of end uses of the woven mat according to the invention.
  • an embodiment of the woven mat of the invention is composed of a plurality of portions 1 having so-called hollow-cloth structure and a plurality of intervened portions 2 between the adjacent portions 1.
  • the intervened portions 2 form a single sheet, and these portions 1 and 2 are arranged in a parallel condition to each other.
  • the portions 1 and 2 may extend along the warp yarn or weft yarn of the woven mat of the invention, for instance, if the hollowed portions 1 extend along the weft yarn 4, the direction of the hollowed portions 1 is perendicular to the direction of the warp yarn 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • some chemical agent for improving the resistance of the synthetic fiber material to ultraviolet rays or abrasion may be used for coating the woven mat in such a way that the porosity of the woven mat is maintained.
  • synthetic resin such as acrylic, vinyl chloride or polyamide resin or bituminous agent can be used for the above-mentioned purpose.
  • the conventional synthetic fiber materials such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylic, polyvinyl and polyolefine fiber materials can be used for manufacturing the woven mat of the present invention.
  • synthetic fiber materials having high tenacity and high resistance against alkali and containing some stabilizer against ultraviolet rays is preferably used for the present purpose.
  • a slurry composed of water and sand or gravel is poured into the hollowed portions of the woven mat of the invention when the material for reclamation is made by using a suitable mechanical means such as a pump.
  • the efficiency of the above-mentioned lling operation mainly depends on the porosity of the woven mat, in other words, if the size of the unit mesh of the woven mat is so large that a large quantity of sand passes through the woven mat together with water or if the size of the unit mesh of the woven mat is so small that it becomes difficult for water to pass without application of a higher pressure, the working efficiency s lowered. Experiments were performed in order to nd the most preferable unit size of the mesh. Referring to FIG.
  • the particle size of the sand contained in the experimental slurry varies and the amount of the sand having different gain size also varies as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the ordinate represents the accumulated frequency in percent and the abscissa represents the particle size of the sand contained in the slurry, where the particle size of the sand is represented by the minimum thickness of the respective particles of sand.
  • Table 1 shows the structure of experimental test pieces having different meshes. The text was performed under the following condition: Composition of slurry usedwater 70%, sand 30%. Vacuumcorresponds to 50 cm. water column.
  • the filling of sand or gravel in the hollowed portions of the woven mat of the invention is carried out under a reduced pressure using a vacuum pump in the range of 50 cm. to 200 cm. water column, therefore the maximum particle size of the sand which can pass through the mesh of the woven mat varies in accordance with the vacuum condition of the pump.
  • T represents the time for completion of the filtration of the slurry poured on the test piece
  • M represents the maximum particle size of the sand which passes through the woven mat in mm.
  • Table 3 shows the results obtained by the above-mentioned test, where X represents size of unit mesh a/particle size of sand which is desired to be accumulated in the bag, Rt represents amount of sand accumulated in the bag/ amount of sand supplied to the bag in percent, when a slurry composed of water and sand with a theoretical mixing ratio of 72 and 28 percent.
  • the opened end portions of the woven mat are closed by a suitable method such as stitching with threads, etc., and then carried to the 'work site by some mechanical means.
  • the sand or gravel contained in the woven mat of the invention sometimes contain water, therefore, it is necessary to use woven yarns having sufficient strength to prevent breakage of the woven mat while carrying it.
  • the thickness of the yarn for manufacturing the woven mat of the invention must be chosen so as to conform with requirements which can be decided from the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength and abrasion resistance, filtration, etc.
  • the tensile ⁇ strength of the woven mat it is preferable for the tensile ⁇ strength of the woven mat to be more than 100 kg./cm., and the thickness of the single woven yarn more than 200 denier.
  • the size of the woven mat varies in accordance to the practical end use. From our experimental test, it was found that a woven mat of m. x 20 m. filled with sand is preferable for reclaiming in the field of the civil engineering. f
  • the above-mentioned slip between the warp yarns and the weft yarns of the woven mat can be prevented by fixing the crossing of the warp yarns with the weft yarn.
  • the fixing of the crossing of the Warp yarns with the weft yarns can be carried out by the so-called heat-set treatment of the woven-mat, or fixing the crossed portions of the warp yarn with the weft yarns of the woven mat by a certain synthetic bonding agent. Further, the above-mentioned slip between the warp yarn and the weft yarn can also be prevented by using a particular structure of the woven mat.
  • the woven mat comprises holA lowed portions 1 composed of hollowed cloth and connecting portions 2 between the adjacent hollowed portions 1.
  • the warp density of the connecting portions 2 and of the side portions 1 of the hollowed portions 1 are more dense than the main portion of the hollowed portions 1. It was observed that when the warp density of the connecting portions 2 and of the side portions 1' is 1.2 times larger than the main portion of the hollowed portions 1, slip between the warp yarns 3 and weft yarns 4 can be eectively prevented, and a width of the connecting portions 2 of 2 cm. was effective for the present purpose.
  • the length of the hollowed portion of the woven mat of the invention is desirable to have the length of the hollowed portion of the woven mat of the invention more than 5 meters.
  • the unit woven mat there is certain limitation to the number of hollowed portion of the woven mat manufactured by a power loom (hereinafter called the unit woven mat), in other words, if it is required to supply woven mat having a certain number of hollowed portions which is larger than the number of hollowed portion of unit woven mat manufactured with a power loom, the woven mat is manufactured by connecting a plurality of the unit woven mats by sewing them together.
  • the woven mat formed by combing a plurality of unit woven mats is hereinafter called a combined woven mat.
  • warp yarns particularly the warp yarns of the connecting portions between th adjacent unit woven mats frequently slide on the weft yarns by lateral force caused by filling of sand or gravel into the hollowed portions of the woven mat.
  • the unit woven mat of an embodiment of the invention comprises a pair of hollowed portions 1 and connecting portion 2 between the hollowed portions 1 and a pair of selvage 8.
  • the woven structure of the selvage 8 is different from the other portions of the unit woven mat for example in FIG.
  • weft yarns 12, 15, 16 19, 20 are interlaced with the warp yarns 9 of the selvage y8 while weft yarns 13, 14, 17 and 18 are not interlaced with the warp yarns 9 ⁇ of the selvage 8
  • weft yarns 12, 13, 16 and 17 are interlaced with warp yarns 10 of the selvage 8 while weft yarns 14, 15, 18 and 19 are not interlaced with the warp yarns 10 of the selvage 8.
  • weft yarns 12, 13, 16 and 17 are interlaced with warp yarns 10 of the selvage 8 while weft yarns 14, 15, 18 and 19 are not interlaced with the warp yarns 10 of the selvage 8.
  • weft yarns there are two kinds of weft yarns, one interlaces with the warp yarns of the selvage while the other do not interlace.
  • the order of picks of the interlacing of the weft yarn with the warp yarn of the selvage may be designed in any desired manner.
  • the width of the selvage is preferably 10-30' mm.
  • the woven mat of this embodiment comprises a woven structure similar to the woven mat shown in FIG. 1 except for the variation of the density of the weft yarn in the hollowed portion 1.
  • the density of the weft yarn in the hollowed portion 1 varies with three groups, that is, supposing one end of the hollowed portions 1 are closed by a suitable means, and the portions including the closed end of the hollowed portions 1 are called the third portions 7, and the portions including the opened end of the hollowed portions 1 are called the first portions 5, and the portions between the first and the third portions are called the second portions ⁇ 6, the density of the weft yarn is increased from the first portion to the third portion, in other words, the density of the weft yarn in the first portion is the lowest, while that of the third portion is the highest. It was also disclosed that the efficiency for filling sand, gravel into the hollowed portions of the woven mat was remarkably improved by using the abovementioned modified embodiment of the woven mat, as shown in the following example.
  • a standard bag was made with a plain weave cloth of warp yarn 840 denier, weft yarn 840 denier, warp density l/cm. weft density 15/cm. The size of the bag was 30 cm. diameter x 10 m. length.
  • a test bag according to the invention was made with a woven hollow cloth of warp yarn 840 denier and weft yarn 840 denier. The size of the test bag was the same as the standard bag.
  • the yarn density of the woven hollow cloth was designed as follows; in the first portion of 3.3 m. in length warp cm. x weft l2/cm.; in the second portion 3.3 m. in length warp l5/cm.
  • the open end portion 11 of the hollowed portions 1 is firmly closed by a certain way such as sewing by threads or by strands, and then carried to the work site.
  • the woven mat filled with sand or gravel was frequently broken at the connected portions 2 while carrying because both sides of the connected portions 2 receive unexpected lateral load caused by shock or excess weight of sand or gravel containing water. Consequently, when the sides of the connecting portions 2 is broken, the woven structure of the hollowed portions is broken and the sand or gravel filled in the hollowed portions fiows out. To prevent the above-mentioned trouble, it is desirable to reinforce the side of the connecting portions 2.
  • FIG. 12 One method for reinforcing the side of the connecting portions 2 is shown in FIG. 12, wherein the side portion 21 of the connecting portion 2 is cut and the cut portions are folded and sewn by thread 22.
  • a piece of cloth 23 is attached to an inside end of the cut portion 21 by sewing to the connecting portion 1 as shown in the drawing.
  • a certain synthetic resin may be used for reinforcing the side .end portion or the connecting portions 2 of the woven mat by the coating method.
  • FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 examples of using and carrying the woven mat of the invention are shown,
  • the woven mat 23 filled with sand or gravel is attached with a plurality of hanging ropes 25 and lifted by a hanger 26 of a conventional crane 27 installed on a base 28, and transported to the site in the water 29. Therefore, it is very easy to perform the reclamation work by using the woven mat according to the invention with high working efiiciency and at low cost.
  • the woven mat 23 filled with sand or gravel according to the invention has a flexible construction, consequently the woven mat 23 filled with sand or gravel conforms very well to the irregular surface of the ground 30 or 31 and a construction block 32 can be stably set on the woven mat 23, as shown in FIGS. 14 and l5.
  • a fabric mat for soil stabilization comprising alternating continuous bands of single ply fabric and intervening continuous bands of two-ply fabric forming between said two plies continuous hollow tubelike containers for sand, gravel or like material, said continuous bands of single ply fabric joining said bands of two-ply fabric and bounding said tubelike containers along opposite longitudinally extending sides, and means closing one end of said tubelike containers along one boundary of said fabric mat, said fabric being formed of strands of at least mainly synthetic material, said two-ply bands being of mesh fabric with a mesh size to permit passage of water while retaining said sand, gravel or like material, interlacing portions of said strands of said mesh fabric being fixed to each other to maintain the mesh size of said fabric substantially constant, said bands of single ply fabric between said tubelke containers being centrally split in a lengthwise direction for a selected length at the open ends of said tubelike containers and the resulting edges being reinforced.
  • a fabric mat according to claim 1 in which the density of strands extending in a lengthwise direction in said bands of single ply fabric and in adjacent portions of said bands of two-ply fabric is at least 1.2 times greater than in the remaining portions of said bands of two-ply fabric.
  • a fabric mat according to claim 1 in which the mesh size of said two-ply fabric is from 1.5 to 3 times the granular size of material to be filled in said tubelike containers.
  • a fabric mat according to claim 1 in which said fabric is woven and said bands extend in a warp direction, said mat further having a part of opposite selvages extending in a warp direction.
  • a fabric mat according to claim 4 in which weft strands of said fabric interlace with warp strands in said selvages once in two successive picks.
  • a fabric mat for soil stabilization comprising alternating continuous bands of single ply fabric and intervening continuous bands of two-ply fabric forming between said two plies continuous hollow tubelike containers for sand, gravel or like material, said continuous bands of single ply fabric joining said bands of two-ply fabric and bounding said tubelike containers along opposite longitudinally extending sides, and means closing one end of said tubelike containers along one boundary of said fabric mat, said fabric being formed of strands of at least mainly synthetic material, said two-ply bands being of mesh fabric with a mesh size to permit passage of water while retaining said sand, gravel or like material, interlacing portions of said strands of said mesh fabric being fixed to each other to maintain the mesh size of said fabric substantially constant, said fabric being woven and the density of strands perpendicular to said hollow tubelike containers varying in a direction lengthwise of said containers, being greatest at the closed ends of said containers and least at the open ends of said containers.
  • a fabric mat for soil stabilization comprising a unitary continuous fabric having spaced parallel bands of constant width in which said fabric is of two-ply construction and intervening narrower bands of constant width in which said fabric is of single ply construction, said bands of two-ply construction extending the full Width of the fabric and forming continuous hollow tubelike containers of uniform width for sand, gravel or the like joined with one another by said bands of single ply construction, and means joining the opposite plies of said bands of two-ply construction to close one end of said tubelike containers along one boundary of said mat, said fabric being formed of strands of at least mainly synthetic material, the fabric in said bands of two-ply construction being open mesh fabric with a mesh size to permit passage of water while retaining sand, gravel or like material, crossing portions of said strands of said mesh fabric being fixed to each other to maintain the mesh size of said fabric substantially constant and the fabric in said bands of single ply construction being stronger and denser than the fabric in said bands of two-ply construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US720234A 1967-10-13 1968-04-10 Textile mat for industrial use in the field of civil engineering Expired - Lifetime US3561219A (en)

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JP8648267 1967-10-13
JP10551467 1967-12-18

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NL6805837A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1969-04-15

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