US3555856A - Apparatus for developing a pattern on a surface of a textile material - Google Patents

Apparatus for developing a pattern on a surface of a textile material Download PDF

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US3555856A
US3555856A US3555856DA US3555856A US 3555856 A US3555856 A US 3555856A US 3555856D A US3555856D A US 3555856DA US 3555856 A US3555856 A US 3555856A
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roller
fabric
pattern
web
color
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Sumner Henry Williams
Joseph Reid Ellis
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GAF Corp
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GAF Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B11/00—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing
    • D06B11/0093—Treatments carried out during or after a regular application of treating materials, in order to get differentiated effects on the textile material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
    • D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
    • D06P5/2077—Thermic treatments of textile materials after dyeing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method and apparatus for producing contrasting effects such as colored designs and patterns in or on materials permeated with solutions of dyes, pigments or chemicals by contacting the material with a heated die having the desired pattern.
  • the elevated temperatures of the heated die cause flash evaporation of the moisture in the material, whereby the products migrate to, and are intensified at the heated contacted surfaces.
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing patterns, physical effects or designs on materials and to an apparatus for carrying out the process, and more particularly to a process for providing patterns of enhanced or intensified color on cloth and other textile materials, with respect to the background, and for provid ing patterns in contrasting, multi-shade or variable physical effects on such fabric materials.
  • the fabric is passed through a trough containing a dye whereby the fabric is padded to a substantially uniform shade or intensity.
  • the fabric as it is removed from the trough is, of course, saturated with the dye solution and in some processes is first dried or semi-dried before further treatment.
  • water soluble dyes in a dispersed or pigment form are applied to a fabric, the excess liquid is squeezed off and the fabric is dried or semi-dried for best results before reduction and further processing including drying as a final step.
  • the first drying step in all cases, is carried out by controlled heating systems, which may consist of a series of heated cylinders, hot air ovens, or a combination of both.
  • the phenomenon of chemical migration which has been mitigated and avoided in the prior art, is utilized to produce the desired patterns or designs which have heretofore been woven, printed or embossed on the fabric, as mentioned above.
  • the chemical migration is effectuated by contacting a moist fabric impregnated with a dye, pigment or other chemical suitable for changing the color or physical effect of the fabric with a heated die having the desired pattern or design.
  • a heated die having the desired pattern or design.
  • the unfixed color or chemical products contained on or in the moist fabric migrate to the heated contacted surface, and thereby cause predominance and intensity of color or physical effects between the contacted and uncontacted 3,555,856 Patented Jan. 19, 1971 surfaces of the fabric.
  • the term dye is intended to mean products applied to the fabric whether visually contrasting in color with the raw material as received or not.
  • desirable changes may be produced by the migration of resins or other chemical products that will migrate in much the same fashion as dyes and pigments, and thus produce a contrast in color or other physical effects in or on fabrics.
  • Apparatus for producing rapid migration by fast or even flash evaporation, and thereby obtaining the desired patterns, design, or shade effects, on fabrics such as yarns, tapes, ribbons, fibers, cloth, paper, plastic or the like, may comprise, a feeding device for feeding the material to a trough containing the coloring solution (dye, pigment, etc.), a heated die with the desired pattern and which is preferably a roller device heated to a temperature ranging from 350 F. to 1,000 F., and an egress device for transporting the fabric from the die.
  • a feeding device for feeding the material to a trough containing the coloring solution (dye, pigment, etc.)
  • a heated die with the desired pattern which is preferably a roller device heated to a temperature ranging from 350 F. to 1,000 F.
  • an egress device for transporting the fabric from the die.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for applying patterns or designs to a fabric by utilizing controlled color migration. Still another object of the invention is to provide a method for applying a pattern or design to a fabric by color migration wherein both the background and the intensifying color effect may be achieved in the same operation.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a means for enhancing or intensifying colors on a fabric with respect to the background.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus used to carry out the process according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of apparatus useful to carry out the process
  • FIG. 3 illustrates apparatus useful for providing a plurality of patterns
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of apparatus for applying a two-sided pattern or plain shade development
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of a pattern-carrying roller
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the type of pattern which may be obtained after contacting a moist fabric impregnated with a dye with the heated roller illustrated in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 1 a continuous web of material, such as a web of fabric 10, which may for example be cotton twill.
  • the web is passed over a suitable input roller 11 into a pad box or dye vat 12, filled with a solution of dye, or pigment dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent, such as water, chemical solvent or the like.
  • a suitable solvent such as water, chemical solvent or the like.
  • the particular dye and the solvent used, whether it is a dispersion or a true chemical solution, will depend on the material of the web 10, and the color or physical effect to be obtained.
  • the only important requirement which the present invention places on the nature of the solvent and of the dye, pigment or chemical is that after having been applied to web 10 the dye pigment, or chemical have the property to migrate in the web, under the influence of heat.
  • the web 10 is padded or passed through the pad box 12 over rollers in a suitable manner and as well-known in the art, and not further described in detail.
  • Web 10, upon leaving the pad box 12 in the region 10 is passed over a pair of squeeze rollers 14, 15 where a portion of the solution is removed to control the moisture content of the web.
  • the moisture content of the web is controlled to be in the region of 75% of the Weight of the material, and preferably is con trolled or that it is in the range of about 30% to 125% of the weight of the material.
  • Rollers 14. 15 are preferably arranged in such a manner that any excess dye solution is returned automatically, for example, by gravity as shown in FIG. 1, to pad box 12.
  • Web I10 after leaving station 10 is passed over a group of tension rollers generally designated by reference numeral '17 which, as is well known in the art, also act as compensators.
  • the tension rollers may be spring loaded or otherwise suitably arranged to maintain proper position and tension within web 10.
  • the web then passes over a guide roller 18 and then over a pair of guide rollers '19*, 19 arranged on either side of a die or patterncarrying roller 20.
  • Guide rollers 19 19 are mounted on a yoke 21, which is movable transversely with respect to the axis of rotation of pattern-carrying roller 20, for example by being retained on a longitudinally movable shaft 22, so that the extent of contact of web 10 with the circumference of pattern roller 20 may be controlled. If shaft 22 is moved to the dashed position, so that yoke 21 and guide rollers 19*, 19 will also be in the dashed position (FIG. 1), web 10 -will be completely out of contact with the patterncarrying roller 20.
  • a suitable interlock may be controlled for example from a shaft 23 which supports rollers 20, whereby the interlock would permit shaft 22 to move to the dashed line position if the speed of roller 20 falls below a predetermined value.
  • Such interlocks are well known, and may be controlled by the centrifugal force acting on the shaft 23 and sensed by a small switch to de-energize a magnetic solenoid, which when energized, holds shaft 22 in the solid line position against the force of a spring, tending to retract shaft 22 into the dashed line position.
  • a magnetic solenoid which when energized, holds shaft 22 in the solid line position against the force of a spring, tending to retract shaft 22 into the dashed line position.
  • web 10 After leaving guide roller 19, web 10 is passed over another idler roller 18', then over another tensioncontrolled arrangement, generally designated as reference numeral 27, which also act as compensators similar to rollers 17. From the rollers 27, the web 10 is removed from the apparatus carrying out the present invention by means of rollers 28, and then the Web may be further applied to treatment stations, such as hot-air drying ovens to dry the non-contacted portions of the fabric, and chemical treatment stations or reducing stations, as well known in the dyeing art, for further fixation and development of the migrated products.
  • treatment stations such as hot-air drying ovens to dry the non-contacted portions of the fabric, and chemical treatment stations or reducing stations, as well known in the dyeing art, for further fixation and development of the migrated products.
  • a form of pattern-carrying roller 20 is shown in more detail in FIG. 5. It consists of a cylindrical element 30, supplied with means to heat the element, shown for example as internal electrical heating units 31, 32 suitably connected internally and brought out to electrical contacts by, for example, slip rings, as is well known in the art (and as only schematically indicated in FIG. 5), for further connection to a supply of electrical power.
  • cylindrical body 30 is supplied with a circumferential ridge 45. Let it be assumed that the web 10 of FIG. 6 is originally of a neutral, such as unbleached,
  • the fabric 10 is thus dyed in general to a blue color.
  • the application of the dye may be at room temperature, or at elevated temperatures as is customary in the dyeing field.
  • the web After leaving pad box 12, the web may be squeezed between rollers 14, 15 to a moisture retention of about based on the weight of the material.
  • the web On contacting the web for a period of time of about half a second, with a surface temperature at circumferential ridge 45 of about 500 to 600 F., approximately of the dye is moved from the back and from within the Web to the face thereof where it is being contacted by the heated roller.
  • the face side of the material will thus have a dark turquoise stripe applied thereto, indicated at 35, FIG. 6.
  • the back side of the material, in the same region where the dark stripe on the face appears, will have a light stripe.
  • the uniform generally blue background due to the dye distribution will be retained where the material was not contacted by the ridge '45, and the extensive and intensified, dark stripe 35' will likewise appear at the surface of the material.
  • a ridge 46, with holes 47 is formed on the cylindrical body 30.
  • the pattern will appear as the dark stripe 36, with background color spots 37, FIG. 6.
  • projections 48 may be patterned on the cylindrical element 30, thereby forming intensified dots 38, standing out from the background color as seen in FIG. 6.
  • a mottled aspect can be obtained by contacting an area of the material with a ridge which has a knurled or serrated appearance, as shown at 49 in FIG. 5; the material will then present spots of intensified color interspersed with spots of lighter, neutral background color, as seen generally at 39 in FIG. 6.
  • the intensity of the color that is, the extent of the migration of dyestuffs or pigments to the surface, under the influence of contact with the heated roller depends not only on the surface temperature of the particular dye pattern contacting the fabric web, but also on the time duration. If the temperature is towards the upper range, that is, between 500 nad 1,000 F., flash evapo- 20 clean, it is contacted by a wire brush 25. Experiments have shown that the lower the temperature, the greater the transfer of dye from the fabric web to the pattern roller 20. At the highest temperatures, i.e.
  • Wire brush 25 is driven in a suitable manner, schematically indicated by belt drive 26 from a source of power 31.
  • FIG. 2 The apparatus disclosed in FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1 except that the rollers 18 and 18 are movable transversely in respective slots 24 and 24 on supports 24, thereby permitting easy adjustment of the circumferential contact area of the web to the pattern roller 20.
  • the apparatus in FIG. 1 has been modified as shown in FIG. 4 to produce contrasting effects on each side of the fabric.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 4 includes pattern rollers 20 and 20 each having a cleaning brush 25, fixed guide rollers 8 and 58 and movable guide rollers generally designated as reference numerals 59.
  • the guide rollers 59 are movable from the upper dashed position designated 59 to the lower dashed position designated 60".
  • the guide rollers 59 are positioned centrally between positions 59 and 59 However, if the intensity on one side of the fabric is to be greater than on the other side, the guide rollers 59 are moved toward either the upper or lower dashed position 59 or 59 depending upon which side the increased color intensity is desired.
  • the guide rollers may be mounted on a support for motion in a slot similar to the mounting of roller 18 or 18 hereinabove described, or in any other suitable fashion well known in the art.
  • Padding liquid temperature 110 F.
  • Results show that approximately 90% of the dye was moved from the back to the face of the material, leaving a dye image not migrated where there was no contact, and clearly visible and dilferentiated contrast.
  • the reverse side of the material showed the pattern in negative (i.e. reverse) form (see FIG. 7).
  • Time of contact with roller 20 /2 second.
  • the background color of the fabric is generally light brown, and the area which was contacted by the roller 20 was dark brown. The back side of the fabric where migration occurred is russet in color.
  • Any type of dye may be used for the process; the use in patterns or effects depends on the substantivity of the dye, its migrating property, its fixation to the material, and the degree of color fastness required.
  • Ordinary vat dyes, sulfur dyes, azoic dyes, reactive dyes (as in Examples 1 and 2 above) and substantive or direct dyes are suitable.
  • Padding liquid temperature 160 C.
  • Padding liquid temperature 200 F.
  • Solution in pad box 12 (Ingredients dissolved at a boil) 4 oz./ gallon Katigen Green high concentration. 4 oz./ gallon sodium sulfide flakes; 2 oz./ gallon sodium carbonate.
  • the present invention is not restricted to vat colors.
  • Various types of color (or dyes), although they may have poor printing or fixation properties by conventional methods may be used.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Vat color Ingredients and physical conditions same as Example 6 but color Indanthrene Brown substituted for Brilliant Indigo 4BV. Treatment after migration was the same as Example 6.
  • the degree of migration which can be produced can be varied by varying the temperature across the roller.
  • various temperatures at the surface of the roller, and at the pattern area can be arranged.
  • the effect on migration is most pronounced on the back of the fabric; the visual aspect of the front side, even on the cooler region, for example, where a surface temperature of only 400 is obtained, varies but little from that where the surface temperature is 600. However, it appears in general that better color intensity may be obtained at the higher temperatures.
  • the fabric may be passed over a series of rollers having different patterns applied thereto, or contacting strips or ridges differently placed from the strips or ridges on another roller, and of a different temperature.
  • FIG. 3 An arrangement in accordance with this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the web material 10, as received from a tensioning arrangement similar to roller combination 17 (FIG. 1) is passed over a first guideroller combination 50, which, for example, may be at a temperature of 300 F.
  • a subsequent guide roller-pat tern roller combination 51 is provided and the web is passed thereover.
  • the roller of the guide roller-pattern combination 51 is heated to a different temperature, for example, 400; and the roller of yet another guide rollerpattern roller combination 52, over which the web is subsequently passed, may be heated to 500 F.
  • Each one of the rollers is provided with a cleaning brush 25; the general arrangement of the guide roller-pattern roller combinations 50, 51 52 may be similar to that shown in FIG.
  • the length of time of contact of the fabric depends on the degree of heat radiated to the surface of the material by the heated pattern rollers, the type of material used, and the amount of moisture to be evaporated or flashed off to achieve a particular color intensity by migration. In all cases, the fabric or the material must be removed from the heated surface immediately upon reaching the point of dryness to prevent scorching or other damaging effect to the material.
  • the contact temperature goes to about 800 F., and approaches 1,000 F., the moisture content is evaporated to a point of dryness within a fraction of a second yet no scorching or fiber damage can be shown, provided the fabric leaves the heated pattern roller immediately upon reaching 100% evaporation of the moisture content of the fabric.
  • the fabric need not be smooth; ribbed material such as corduroy can likewise be treated in accordance with the present invention. It will be observed that upon such treatment, the migration of color will occur to the raised portions of the fabric and not the grooves between, for example, the wales of the corduroy will remain back- 8 ground, non-migrated color. This results in a particularly pleasing effect.
  • the color intensity or the yield produced at the point of contact of the pattern roller with the wet material exceeds printing techniques.
  • the cause of this apparent increased yield may be due to the violent flash evaporation which takes place at the point of contact of the heated roller with the material, producing high temperature steam vapors which apparently increase the reaction of the products contained in the dye solution with the material. This becomes apparent particularly when colors obtained from Water soluble dyes which contain reducing chemicals are flash evaporated on the fabrics at temperatures between 400 F. and 750 F.
  • the rapid evaporation at the point of contact apparently moves the dyes, pigments or chemicals contained in the body of the fabric, which at this point in the process are not yet fixed to the surface.
  • Varigated controlled coloring may be achieved by dye or chemical migration to yarns, warps, tow or other non woven materials processed in the same manner as described with fabrics.
  • desirable physical changes in these materials as well as in fabrics may be accomplished by the use of migrating chemicals, resins, and solvents that contain no coloring substance.
  • a web of material may be passed through a pad box containing a weak caustic soda solution which is too weak to affect subsequent dyeing.
  • migration and thus concentration of the caustic soda solution to the contacted areas will produce mercerizing effects which in a manner well known in the art may produce physical (i.e. plisse or puckering) changes in the material or if desired produce coloring effects in subsequent dyeing.
  • Apparatus for developing a pattern on a surface of a textile material comprising;
  • transport means for transporting said material over said die and in circumferential contact therewith, thereby to migrate said substance to said surface of said material in said pattern, the speed of said transport means and the circumferential area of contact being so arranged so that the time of contact of said textile material with said die is in the range of from /2 to 5 seconds.
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further including control means for adjusting the liquid content of said material prior to transporting said material over said die.
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 1 for use with a web material wherein the die is a pattern roller, and guide rollers are providing for guiding said web material around said pattern roller.
US3555856D 1967-02-07 1967-02-07 Apparatus for developing a pattern on a surface of a textile material Expired - Lifetime US3555856A (en)

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US61452067A 1967-02-07 1967-02-07

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US (1) US3555856A (no)
AT (1) AT295461B (no)
BE (1) BE710395A (no)
BR (1) BR6896711D0 (no)
CH (2) CH548234A (no)
DE (2) DE1988211U (no)
ES (1) ES350143A1 (no)
FR (1) FR1559132A (no)
GB (1) GB1210103A (no)
NL (1) NL6801648A (no)
SE (1) SE332156B (no)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648488A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-03-14 Gaf Corp Apparatus for producing heat induced effects on flexible substrates
US5094664A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-03-10 Lanscot-Arlen Fabrics, Inc. Production of heat set fabrics with a new wrinkle
US5679438A (en) * 1990-04-23 1997-10-21 Lanscot-Arlen Fabrics, Inc. Fabrics with a new wrinkle and a stitch

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013105709A1 (de) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-04 A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Beschichten und/oder Imprägnieren einer textilen Warenbahn

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648488A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-03-14 Gaf Corp Apparatus for producing heat induced effects on flexible substrates
US5094664A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-03-10 Lanscot-Arlen Fabrics, Inc. Production of heat set fabrics with a new wrinkle
US5679438A (en) * 1990-04-23 1997-10-21 Lanscot-Arlen Fabrics, Inc. Fabrics with a new wrinkle and a stitch

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Publication number Publication date
BR6896711D0 (pt) 1973-01-11
BE710395A (no) 1968-06-17
ES350143A1 (es) 1969-11-16
AT295461B (de) 1972-01-10
NL6801648A (no) 1968-08-08
DE1610969A1 (de) 1971-12-09
FR1559132A (no) 1969-03-07
CH154168A4 (no) 1973-09-14
GB1210103A (en) 1970-10-28
CH548234A (no) 1974-04-30
DE1988211U (de) 1968-06-27
SE332156B (no) 1971-02-01

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