US3545213A - Structure for lining underground spaces - Google Patents

Structure for lining underground spaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3545213A
US3545213A US720235A US3545213DA US3545213A US 3545213 A US3545213 A US 3545213A US 720235 A US720235 A US 720235A US 3545213D A US3545213D A US 3545213DA US 3545213 A US3545213 A US 3545213A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
concrete
layers
lining
elastic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US720235A
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English (en)
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Gustav Sebor
Ivo Hofbauer
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating

Definitions

  • the structure engages the underground surface which defines the underground space and includes a number of layers made up of elastic and concrete layers which engage each other.
  • the elastic layers are preferably asphalt rubber while the concrete layers are preferably Gunite, and they are alternately arranged in engagement with each other to form a strong elastic multilayer crust body.
  • the present invention relates to structures for lining underground spaces.
  • the present invention relates to lining structures for reinforcing underground installations, particularly by providing a strong lining for an underground surface which defines an underground space.
  • Structures of this type have been used, for example in tunnels or mine galleries, and the lining structures can extend horizontally, or they may be inclined or even vertical. In general such structures are intended to distribute uniformly the pressure of the ground which surrounds the underground space.
  • Gunite which forms a concrete which can be delivered in uent form to the required location where it sets.
  • this particular type of reinforcement enables an exceedingly good bond to be achieved with rock in the event that the excavation surface is formed of rock.
  • the space of the excavation is used in this case to the maximum extent, the air resistance is reduced, and the possibility of settling of harmful dust is also reduced.
  • a reinforcement of this type has refractory properties.
  • Such Gunite reinforcing structures have also been used in combination with reinforcements for roof bolts.
  • the structure for lining the underground space includes a number of layers made of elastic and concrete layers engaging each other. These layers alternate with each other so that except for the innermost and outermost layers, each elastic layer is sandwiched between a pair of concrete layers and each concrete layer is sandwiched between a pair of elastic layers.
  • the innermost layer can take the form of a concrete layer, while the outermost layer can be either elastic or concrete, the thickness of the several layers and the choice as to whether the outer layer is elastic or concrete depending upon the particular conditions which are encountered in the underground cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic transverse section of a lining structure of the invention which in the illustrated example is composed of cylindrical layers;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial section on an enlarged scale of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the structure illustrated in the drawing forms a lining structure for an underground space which may be any tunnel, pit, well, mine gallery, etc., such excavations in general having either a circular or an elliptical cross section-
  • the outermost layer 2 is an elastic insulating layer applied directly against the surface of the excavation which is, in the illustrated example, formed in rock 1, and preferably the elastic layer 2 is made of asphalt rubber.
  • the thickness of the layer 2 and of the subsequent layers described below will be determined by the geological structure of the rock where the excavation is situated.
  • the outermost layer 2 will constitute an elastic base for the next layer, which is a layer of concrete, this latter layer preferably being a layer 3 of Gunite.
  • the outer elastic Vlayer 2 also seals the concrete layer 3 so as to protect it against water or other fiuids which might attack the concrete, and in addition the interior space is sealed so that gases will not escape therefrom into the ground.
  • the elastic insulating layer 2 which is preferably of asphalt rubber
  • the layer 3 has a uniform thickness along its entire circumferential prole, so that the entire wall which forms the layer 3 is of a uniform thickness.
  • the prole of the underground excavation is of a different shape, which is not circular as illustrated, then the thickness of the concrete can be varied so as to be adapted to the individual pressure conditions which may be encountered at different parts of the excavation.
  • this first concrete layer 3 has set and hardened, there is applied to the exposed inner surface of this layer a second elastic insulating layer 21, which also is preferably of asphalt rubber and which serves to provide a uniform transmission of pressure, particularly in the case of irregular loads, over the maximum possible area of the next load-carrying layer 31, which is also of concrete.
  • this next layer 31 will be placed against the exposed inner surface of the second elastic layer 21.
  • this second elastic insulating layer 21 eliminates undesirable stresses derived4 from the first load-carrying layer 3 of concrete, particularly bending stresses, and at the same time tangential tensions are also eliminated.
  • the second concrete layer 31 is made in the same manner as the first layer 3.
  • this second layer 31 has set and hardened, there is applied to its exposed inner surface a third insulating layer 22 also preferably made of asphalt rubber.
  • the purpose of this third elastic layer is to further transmit the pressure and to protect the reinforcing lining against undesirable effects of aggressive uids.
  • this third elastic insulating layer 22 has applied to its inner surface the innermost concrete layer 32 illustrated in the drawing, so that with the structure of the invention as illustrated in the drawing the outermost layer is elastic, the innermost layer is concrete, and except for these outermost and innermost layers, each elastic layer is sandwiched between a pair of concrete layers and each concrete layer is sandwiched between a pair of elastic layers.
  • the innermost layer it is also possible to use a layer of a different material to form the inner protective layer of the lining structure of the invention.
  • the number and sequence of the elastic and concrete layers, with the latter being made of Gunite with a suitable plastic addition, can be modified in accordance with the pressure conditions of the rock. While the outermost layer is shown in the illustrated example as being elastic, in many cases it may be preferable to provide an outermost layer of concrete, particularly where it will form a good bond with rock so as to give in this way an outer equalizer layer for the lining structure of Thus, by bonding together the several layers of the linthe invention.
  • the reinforcing structure of the invention has highly advantageous elastic properties, and particularly where the elastic layers are made of asphalt rubber the concrete is very reliably protected against liquids or other fluids which might otherwise attack the concrete, and in addition the lining structure of the invention is -both gas-proof and water-proof.
  • the structure of the invention can be used in the building industry as inserts, particularly where the Gunite is combined with elastic insulating layers of asphalt rubber, this construction being especially suitable in those cases where there is a danger of movement of the foundation of a structure or where it is required to create an exceedingly heavy insulation and to provide protection against mechanical damage.
  • the structure of the invention is particularly suitable in all cases where it is required to equalize irregular loads and to provide protection against uids such as streaming liquids or gases which might otherwise attack the structure.
  • a structure for lining a surface which defines at least part of an underground space comprising a plurality of layers of asphalt rubber and layers of concrete engaging each other including an outer ground-engaging layer directly engaging said surface which defines at least part of said underground space, and an inner layer of material different from said outer layer having an inner exposed surface directed toward the interior of said space, said layers including, except for said outer and inner layers, at least one layer of concrete sandwiched between a pair of layers of asphalt rubber, and at least one layer of asphalt rubber sandwiched between a pair of layers of concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US720235A 1967-03-22 1968-04-10 Structure for lining underground spaces Expired - Lifetime US3545213A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS211567 1967-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3545213A true US3545213A (en) 1970-12-08

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ID=5357306

Family Applications (1)

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US720235A Expired - Lifetime US3545213A (en) 1967-03-22 1968-04-10 Structure for lining underground spaces

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3545213A (de)
BE (1) BE712437A (de)
CH (1) CH499690A (de)
DE (1) DE1758013B1 (de)
ES (1) ES351846A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1557434A (de)
GB (1) GB1209329A (de)
NL (1) NL6804108A (de)
SE (1) SE329412B (de)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3698066A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-10-17 Jennings Bailey Jr Method of producing tunnel or like structure
US4695188A (en) * 1984-03-13 1987-09-22 Neste Oy Lined rock cistern or tunnel
US4915545A (en) * 1988-01-29 1990-04-10 Nino Ferrari USA Inc. Large sized underground storage tank with structural stability
US4934122A (en) * 1986-12-01 1990-06-19 Convault, Inc. Storage vault and method
US5157888A (en) * 1986-12-01 1992-10-27 Convault, Inc. Storage vault and method for manufacture
US5174079A (en) * 1986-12-01 1992-12-29 Convault, Inc. Fluid containment vault with homogeneous concrete-entombed tank
US5234191A (en) * 1986-12-01 1993-08-10 Convault, Inc. Apparatus for forming a fluid containment vault
US5261766A (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-11-16 Anderson James S Vertical bore hole system and method for waste storage and energy recovery
US5439319A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-08-08 Carlisle Coatings & Water Proofing, Incorporated Tunnel barrier system and method of installing the same
US5495695A (en) * 1993-01-21 1996-03-05 Dalworth Concrete Products, Inc. Vaulted underground storage tank
US5778608A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-07-14 Dalworth Concrete Products, Inc. Vaulted underground storage tank
US6193439B1 (en) * 1996-01-08 2001-02-27 Mbt Holding Ag Process for cladding substrates and constructions produced thereby
WO2001096709A1 (en) * 2000-06-12 2001-12-20 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. A tunnel waterproofing method
US6761504B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2004-07-13 Mbt Holding Ag Waterproof cladding construction and method of providing the same
US6767164B2 (en) 2000-06-12 2004-07-27 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Tunnel waterproofing construction method
US6793441B2 (en) 2000-06-12 2004-09-21 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Tunnel waterproofing method
EP1290313A4 (de) * 2000-06-12 2005-04-27 Grace W R & Co Konstruktionsverfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln
CN103924987A (zh) * 2014-04-24 2014-07-16 中铁十一局集团城市轨道工程有限公司 一种smw工法桩盾构洞门防渗水结构及其施工方法
CN104373138A (zh) * 2014-10-13 2015-02-25 中南大学 一种隧道衬砌结构修复时防水层重塑的施工方法
US20160097278A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-07 John Huh Waterproofing system for exposed rock surfaces
US20160326759A1 (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-10 John Huh Restorative waterproofing membrane and method of forming the same
US20170167261A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-06-15 Constructions Mécaniques Consultants Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel
US10519772B2 (en) * 2015-04-03 2019-12-31 Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel
US11572787B2 (en) * 2018-04-10 2023-02-07 S&P Clever Reinforcement Company Ag Method for renovating, repairing, reinforcing, protecting or newly creating corrugated metal-sheet tunnels, and corrugated metal-sheet tunnels of this type
US20230258085A1 (en) * 2022-02-14 2023-08-17 Shandong Jianzu University Composite support system based on steel-concrete support and shotcrete arch and construction process thereof

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2523627A1 (fr) * 1982-03-22 1983-09-23 Campenon Bernard Procede pour conforter des arches ou des constructions analogues
DE3332242A1 (de) * 1983-09-07 1985-03-28 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Roehrenfoermiger unterirdischer hohlraum, wie verkehrstunnel, rohrleitung oder dergleichen
DE3407384A1 (de) * 1983-09-07 1985-08-29 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen eines roehrenfoermigen unterirdischen hohlraums, z.b. eines verkehrstunnels, und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
DE3404111A1 (de) * 1984-02-07 1985-08-14 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur herstellung und zum ausbau von nicht begehbaren langgestreckten hohlraeumen in geschlossener bauweise
NL191096C (nl) * 1984-02-29 1995-01-16 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Pijpvormige ondergrondse holle ruimte.
DE4133577A1 (de) * 1991-10-10 1992-06-17 Gbm Ges Fuer Baugeologie Und M Ausbau dynamisch beanspruchter untertaegiger hohlraeume mit daempfender zwischenschicht
CN111287754A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2020-06-16 华北电力大学 一种功能梯度混凝土复合井壁及制作方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2136390A (en) * 1937-04-16 1938-11-15 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Liquid tank
US3106227A (en) * 1962-06-20 1963-10-08 Crowley Hession Engineers Foam insulated prestressed concrete wall
US3111811A (en) * 1956-12-15 1963-11-26 Nederlanden Staat Method for the construction of a tunnel or tunnel-part and a tunnel or tunnel-part obtained by pursuing said method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE283891C (de) *
DE512630C (de) * 1924-03-02 1930-11-13 Siemens Bauunion G M B H Komm Wasserdichte und druckfeste Stollenauskleidung
DE526167C (de) * 1924-05-24 1931-06-03 A F Malchow Akt Ges Verfahren zum Abdichten von Gebirgsstollen gegen Grundwasser
GB864646A (en) * 1956-12-15 1961-04-06 Chief Engineer Director Of The Improvements relating to the construction of tunnels or tunnel-parts
DE1170351B (de) * 1959-04-20 1964-05-21 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Verfahren zum Auskleiden von Grubenbauen mit einem filmbildenden Kunstharz
DE1229962B (de) * 1960-06-11 1966-12-08 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Verfahren zur Erhaltung der Anfangseigenschaften der Wandungen von Grubenbauen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2136390A (en) * 1937-04-16 1938-11-15 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Liquid tank
US3111811A (en) * 1956-12-15 1963-11-26 Nederlanden Staat Method for the construction of a tunnel or tunnel-part and a tunnel or tunnel-part obtained by pursuing said method
US3106227A (en) * 1962-06-20 1963-10-08 Crowley Hession Engineers Foam insulated prestressed concrete wall

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3698066A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-10-17 Jennings Bailey Jr Method of producing tunnel or like structure
US4695188A (en) * 1984-03-13 1987-09-22 Neste Oy Lined rock cistern or tunnel
US5234191A (en) * 1986-12-01 1993-08-10 Convault, Inc. Apparatus for forming a fluid containment vault
US4934122A (en) * 1986-12-01 1990-06-19 Convault, Inc. Storage vault and method
US5157888A (en) * 1986-12-01 1992-10-27 Convault, Inc. Storage vault and method for manufacture
US5174079A (en) * 1986-12-01 1992-12-29 Convault, Inc. Fluid containment vault with homogeneous concrete-entombed tank
US4915545A (en) * 1988-01-29 1990-04-10 Nino Ferrari USA Inc. Large sized underground storage tank with structural stability
US5261766A (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-11-16 Anderson James S Vertical bore hole system and method for waste storage and energy recovery
US5495695A (en) * 1993-01-21 1996-03-05 Dalworth Concrete Products, Inc. Vaulted underground storage tank
US5439319A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-08-08 Carlisle Coatings & Water Proofing, Incorporated Tunnel barrier system and method of installing the same
US5778608A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-07-14 Dalworth Concrete Products, Inc. Vaulted underground storage tank
US6193439B1 (en) * 1996-01-08 2001-02-27 Mbt Holding Ag Process for cladding substrates and constructions produced thereby
US6761504B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2004-07-13 Mbt Holding Ag Waterproof cladding construction and method of providing the same
US6793441B2 (en) 2000-06-12 2004-09-21 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Tunnel waterproofing method
US6767164B2 (en) 2000-06-12 2004-07-27 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Tunnel waterproofing construction method
WO2001096709A1 (en) * 2000-06-12 2001-12-20 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. A tunnel waterproofing method
EP1290313A4 (de) * 2000-06-12 2005-04-27 Grace W R & Co Konstruktionsverfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln
EP1290312A4 (de) * 2000-06-12 2005-05-04 Grace W R & Co Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln
AU2001272936B2 (en) * 2000-06-12 2005-06-30 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. A tunnel waterproofing construction method
CN1328475C (zh) * 2000-06-12 2007-07-25 格雷斯公司 隧道防水方法
EP1290312A1 (de) * 2000-06-12 2003-03-12 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln
CN103924987B (zh) * 2014-04-24 2015-12-09 中铁十一局集团城市轨道工程有限公司 一种smw工法桩盾构洞门防渗水结构及其施工方法
CN103924987A (zh) * 2014-04-24 2014-07-16 中铁十一局集团城市轨道工程有限公司 一种smw工法桩盾构洞门防渗水结构及其施工方法
US20170167261A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-06-15 Constructions Mécaniques Consultants Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel
US10774640B2 (en) * 2014-05-21 2020-09-15 Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel
US20160097278A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-07 John Huh Waterproofing system for exposed rock surfaces
CN104373138A (zh) * 2014-10-13 2015-02-25 中南大学 一种隧道衬砌结构修复时防水层重塑的施工方法
US10519772B2 (en) * 2015-04-03 2019-12-31 Agence Nationale Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel
US20160326759A1 (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-10 John Huh Restorative waterproofing membrane and method of forming the same
US9725917B2 (en) * 2015-05-08 2017-08-08 John Huh Restorative waterproofing membrane and method of forming the same
US11572787B2 (en) * 2018-04-10 2023-02-07 S&P Clever Reinforcement Company Ag Method for renovating, repairing, reinforcing, protecting or newly creating corrugated metal-sheet tunnels, and corrugated metal-sheet tunnels of this type
US20230258085A1 (en) * 2022-02-14 2023-08-17 Shandong Jianzu University Composite support system based on steel-concrete support and shotcrete arch and construction process thereof
US11753936B2 (en) * 2022-02-14 2023-09-12 Shandong Jianzu University Composite support system based on steel-concrete support and shotcrete arch and construction process thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6804108A (de) 1968-09-23
DE1758013B1 (de) 1971-11-11
FR1557434A (de) 1969-02-14
ES351846A1 (es) 1969-06-16
CH499690A (de) 1970-11-30
SE329412B (de) 1970-10-12
GB1209329A (en) 1970-10-21
BE712437A (de) 1968-07-31

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