US3533717A - Emulsifier burner for hydrocarbons and water with mechanical spraying a controlled flame and having an anti-atmospheric pollution effect - Google Patents

Emulsifier burner for hydrocarbons and water with mechanical spraying a controlled flame and having an anti-atmospheric pollution effect Download PDF

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Publication number
US3533717A
US3533717A US750400A US3533717DA US3533717A US 3533717 A US3533717 A US 3533717A US 750400 A US750400 A US 750400A US 3533717D A US3533717D A US 3533717DA US 3533717 A US3533717 A US 3533717A
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United States
Prior art keywords
burner
water
emulsifier
combustion
fuel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US750400A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Edmond Guerin
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Elf Distribution SA
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Elf Distribution SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space

Definitions

  • a burner for producing an emulsion of water and liquefied fuel to insure the gasification and complete combustion in a furnace.
  • the burner comprises a casing removably fixed on one face of the furnace hearth containing an atomizer and a carrier therefor, there being an emulsifier incorporated in the carrier and rigidly fixed thereto for sliding in an adjustable manner in the casing and adapted to cooperate with an adjacent combustion chamber in which air is passed under pressure.
  • the present invention relates to a burner with mechanical spraying, which produces, with or without re-cycling, an emulsion of water and liquid fuel and ensures the gasification and complete combustion at a controlled rate of the combustible elements without producing either fouling or half-burnt particles, even with a very small excess of air (2 to This results in continuous maintenance of the optimum conditions of efiiciency, increases speed of thermal exchanges by radiation and convection, and also the elimination of atmospheric pollution due to solid residues.
  • the best burners on industrial regulation can give 14 to 14.5% of CO with a baccarach index of opacity of the smoke of 2 to 3, irrespective of the kind of fuel employed, but by injecting into the boiler hearths the fuel corresponding to two-thirds or three-quarters of the rated output of the boiler.
  • an index of opacity of the exhaust gases which is unacceptable in view of the regulations for pollution of towns, and a very rapid fouling of the tubes or collectors which necessitates very frequent soot-removal.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate these disadvantages, and to this end, the invention utilizes the combustion of fuel emulsified with Water and sprayed mechanically.
  • the invention has also for its object the adaptation to the process according to the invention of all types of burners with mechanical spraying, and the construction of new burners without having to change the standards of construction, output and pressure of the pumps,
  • the invention has also for its object the utilization,
  • furnaces may be metal-melting furnaces, thermal treatment, annealing or tempering furnaces with direct flame or with a muflle, furnaces for baking earth or enamels, stoves, autoclaves, tar-kneading machines, lime kilns, furnaces for baking dolomites, ovens for bakers, pastrycooks and delicatessen.
  • the invention utilizes a conventional burner With mechanical spraying, or produces a burner with mechanical spraying, both provided with an emulsifier so as to treat the fuel oil in emulsion, which facilitates spraying and results in the complete combustion of the carbon of the hydrocarbons by gasification.
  • This burner comprises various conventional means of supply of combustion air: pressure distribution or regulation cones with or without helicoidal grooves, discs provided with slots enabling the flame to be stabilized at the nozzle of the burner, conventional air shutters, either on the upstream or the downstream side of the turbine.
  • This type of burner is constructed for all outputs, for all operations and rates of working, and the adaptation of an emulsifier to this kind of equipment presents no ditficulty for any type.
  • the burner according to the invention can be constructed with an atomizer carrier and an emulsifier rigidly fixed together, which makes it possible in certain cases to use very light hydrocarbons as fuel, these being only capable of forming unstable emulsions: petrols, parafiins, gas-oils.
  • the total factor of emission by radiation is increased and can easily reach its maximum value when the excess air is entirely or almost entirely eliminated.
  • This advantage makes it possible to obtain the theoretical temperature of a definite mixture, either for the purpose of finding the maximum possible heat transmission or of maintaining uniformly a precise controlled temperature. This temperature depends on the percentage of Water contained in the mixture.
  • the emulsifying burner with mechanical spraying permits:
  • the invention provides non-corrosive atmospheres close to neutral (heat treatment of metals, combustion in boilers, stoves, autoclaves, etc.) or oxidizing atmospheres (furnace baking, treatment of certain steels, refractories, etc.);
  • combustion in an oxidizing medium can produce H 80 but this acid is then dissociated by reaction with active hydrogen so as to form S0 and water or to form with the additive in solution or suspension in the emulsified mixture, a corresponding neutral salt. It is therefore possible to completely eliminate the discharge of 80,-; into the atmosphere by using a suflicient quantity of reactant to neutralize it.
  • the burner comprises, in a casing fixed or removably mounted on one face of the hearth, an emulsifier and an atomizer-carrier which may be rigidly fixed together, or an emulsifier atomizer-carrier, diffusion accessories and air regulation by conventional means.
  • the fuel-Water emulsifier-burner comprises, in a casing 1 of generally cylindrical form and removably fixed by means of screws 2 on the face 3 of the hearth, an emulsifier 4 with its supply 5 and an atomizer carrier 6 with an atomizer 7 and its return 8, the whole being rigidly fixed to a cup 9; this cup 9 may have the shape shown in the drawing, or it may have other shapes, for example frustoconical.
  • the emulsifier 4 is entirely conventional and its details of construction form no part of the present invention.
  • the whole system is mounted slidably in the "casing 1, for example, as shown in the drawing, by means of three studs 11 at 120, and a rear slide (not shown) or a rear regulating screw 12.
  • the cup 9 may be provided with one or more ignition electrodes 13 and with inclined fins 14 which may be adjustable if so required.
  • the casing 1 is provided with an air-intake 16, mounted obliquely on the axis of the casing, for example tangentially as shown, so as to give the air a helicoidal or whirling movement, which is increased as required by the fins 14.
  • the equipment according to the invention further comprises a combustion chamber 17 in the form of a nozzle having a convergent portion 18 and a divergent portion 19 placed level with the casing 1 in the hearth 3, the convergent portion 18 being close to and opposite the cup 9 and leaving an air passage 20.
  • an inspection orifice 21 is formed in the chamber for a photo-electric control cell 22 or an inspection sight-hole.
  • the atomizer-carrier 6 may be provided with a plurality of jets 7, arranged symmetrically.
  • atomizer-carrier can constitute a single removable unit which permits the nozzle of the burner to be completely freed in order to facilitate maintenance.
  • the regulation of air is obtained by moving the mobile assembly with respect to the casing 1 so as to vary the free section of passage 20 permitting the supply of combustion air necessary for the combustion according to the flow-rate of the jet 7 and the flame having the desired form, temperature and power.
  • a position is defined by an adjustable stop for full power and another for low power in the case of two rates of operation. The displacement may be gradual in the case of modulated rates.
  • the flow-rate and the method of distribution of air determine the total or incomplete, rapid or slow gasification of the carbon, which is a function of the physical and chemical conditions of the reaction medium. These conditions vary according to the resultant temperature of the gasification chamber, the quantity of water emulsified with the fuel and the nature of the products dissolved or put in suspension in the water in order to obtain the flame desired, the given intensity of radiation or the production of combustible gases utilized at a distance for baking or treatment in certain industrial furnaces.
  • the flame In normal operation, the flame is stabilized at the nose of the burner and all the gasification of the carbon must take place during the travel defined by the gasification chamber 17.
  • the shape of this chamber depends on the value of the angle formed by the extension of the terminal cone of the cup 9, and on the pressure of air admitted to support combustion in the zone 20.
  • a frustoconical form which is close to the conventional venturi gives good results.
  • the monobloc type is often desired, in which all the control and supply apparatus are rigidly fixed on the body of the burner.
  • the air-supply casing 16 may be replaced by that of a turbine provided with a driving motor, and may carry the control apparatus and coupling accessories for the supply of water and fuel.
  • a hinge may be provided on the casing 1 so as to free readily the line of jets and the throat of the hearth.
  • the burner according to the invention has the advantage of permitting a neutral combustion and a variable flame temperature, depending on the percentage of water and fuel, which ensures perfect combustion of the carbon and completely eliminates solid unbumt particles.
  • the high percentages of CO (15 to 15.8%) for the fuel-oil eliminate the risk of corrosion and prevent the formation of H
  • the possibility of adding either salts of calcium, magnesium, or other elements, depending on the object desired, in solution or in suspension in the water makes it possible to obtain neutral residues which are added to the asphalts or other substances contained in the fuel-oil and form dry, feeblyadherent deposits which do not foul the boilers.
  • the domestic and industrial exchange elements or exchangers thus always remain clean and the maintenance for soot removal amounts to an annual operation instead of a frequency which might be from a few days to a fortnight.
  • the cleanliness of the exchange elements the thermal conductivity of the combustion gases, which is higher in the case of emulsified fuel than for pure fuel, due to the presence of water in larger quantities, the high percentages of CO obtained and the reduction in temperature of the residual gases, result in the fact that the real efficiencies obtained are very high.
  • the total gasification of the carbon by the combustion of the emulsified fluid is accompanied by the total dissociation of the water comprised in the emulsion, which results in the presence in the reaction mixture of nascent hydrogen and oxygen.
  • These active elements are in the presence of active carbon produced at the moment of cracking of the heavy elements :-'0f the fuel.
  • the usual chain of unstable radicals formed during the course of the usual combustion becomes modified, and in consequence the gasification of the carbon is more complete.
  • the flame produced by this method of combustion of fuel is similar to that of a gas and approaches that which is obtained with coal gas or natural gas. All the useful efficiencies obtained are in general considerably higher than the best efiiciency obtained at the present time. There are no longer any unburnt particles, the carbon is completely converted to C0
  • the uniformity of distribution of air in the first phase of the combustion determines the homogeneity of the reaction medium.
  • the cup 9 of metal or refractory substance is designed so as to distribute the air symmetrically into the flame and comprises, at the extremity nearest to the flame, shapes which are either straight or incurved, permitting the flow of air to be correctly directed towards the centre of the gasification chamber 17, in such manner that a continuous depression zone is produced level with the jet so as to suck the atomized fuel mixture towards the combustion air in the gasification chamber, which defines the total combustion.
  • a burner for hydrocarbons and water with mechanical spraying, and having a controlled flame and producing an anti-atmospheric pollution efiect said burner comprising a casing removably fixed on one face of the furnace hearth, an emulsifier, an atomizer-carrier and a cup, means supporting said emulsifier, atomizer-carrier and cup as a rigidly fixed unit, means on said cup engaging said casing for slidable adjustment on said casing to enable the unit to slide in an adjustable manner in said casing, a combustion chamber of convergent-divergent shape placed opposite said cup and means for causing air under pressure to pass obliquely into said casing and thence between said cup and said convergent portion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US750400A 1967-07-04 1968-07-02 Emulsifier burner for hydrocarbons and water with mechanical spraying a controlled flame and having an anti-atmospheric pollution effect Expired - Lifetime US3533717A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR113066A FR1536372A (fr) 1967-07-04 1967-07-04 Appareillage à brûleur gazéifiant une émulsion pulvérisée de combustible liquide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3533717A true US3533717A (en) 1970-10-13

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US750400A Expired - Lifetime US3533717A (en) 1967-07-04 1968-07-02 Emulsifier burner for hydrocarbons and water with mechanical spraying a controlled flame and having an anti-atmospheric pollution effect

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3533717A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE717516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1751653C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES355738A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1536372A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1228933A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6809455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE352433B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837784A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-09-24 Elf Union Method for operating modulated burners actuated by an emulsion
US4488868A (en) * 1981-05-15 1984-12-18 Akeo Tanaka Apparatus and method for the combustion of water-in-oil emulsion fuels
US4600377A (en) * 1985-05-29 1986-07-15 Cedarapids, Inc. Refractoriless liquid fuel burner
US5209893A (en) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-11 Southwire Company Adjustable burner insert and method of adjusting same
US5240409A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-08-31 Institute Of Gas Technology Premixed fuel/air burners
US5411393A (en) * 1993-01-04 1995-05-02 Southwire Company Premix burner for furnace with gas enrichment
US5513981A (en) * 1991-11-22 1996-05-07 Aichelin Gmbh Burner with variable volume combination chamber
US5772427A (en) * 1993-10-01 1998-06-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etudes Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and utilization of such a burner in a glass furnace
US5934893A (en) * 1996-01-05 1999-08-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and utilization of such burner in glass furnace
US6220852B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2001-04-24 Hauck Manufacturing Company Variable exit high velocity burner
US20100019063A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-01-28 Schroeder Ernst Rotary furnace burner
US20160069563A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2016-03-10 Yahtec Device for burning pre-mixed gas
RU219783U1 (ru) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-07 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения" (ДВГУПС) Устройство для сжигания жидкого топлива

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2525326B1 (fr) * 1982-04-14 1989-08-25 Provost Charles Bruleur a gaz a post-combustion d'une emulsion de peroxyde d'hydrogene
AU1273483A (en) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 Airco Inc. Annular frustrum air-fuel mixing device
JPS61500131A (ja) * 1983-09-26 1986-01-23 プロボスト・シャルル ガスバーナの燃焼ガスの熱量を増大させる方法及び過酸化水素乳濁液の後燃焼ガスバーナ

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1914355A (en) * 1932-06-03 1933-06-20 Sinclair Refining Co Art of heating hydrocarbons
US2033010A (en) * 1930-02-04 1936-03-03 Gas Fuel Corp Process of burning emulsified compounds
US2158521A (en) * 1937-06-24 1939-05-16 Riley Stoker Corp Pulvurized fuel burner
US2274818A (en) * 1940-05-17 1942-03-03 John S Zink Combination gas and oil burner
US2847063A (en) * 1955-12-27 1958-08-12 Zink Co John Gas and liquid fuel burner assembly

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE720703C (de) 1937-05-21 1942-05-13 Sulzer Ag Brenner fuer fluessige Brennstoffe
US2325444A (en) 1942-05-02 1943-07-27 Peabody Engineering Corp Air register
GB637960A (en) 1947-06-18 1950-05-31 Kaj Edvard Hansen Regulation arrangement in burners for liquid fuel
FR1110484A (fr) 1954-09-06 1956-02-13 Système de chauffage par combustible liquide
AT249840B (de) 1961-07-08 1966-10-10 Optimal Oelfeuerungsmaschb Gmb Druckölzerstäubungsbrenner
FR1462312A (fr) 1965-10-11 1966-04-15 Grilles & Gazogenes Sauvageot Procédé de gazéification totale du carbone des combustibles liquides, moyens nouveaux de lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique, et brûleur correspondant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2033010A (en) * 1930-02-04 1936-03-03 Gas Fuel Corp Process of burning emulsified compounds
US1914355A (en) * 1932-06-03 1933-06-20 Sinclair Refining Co Art of heating hydrocarbons
US2158521A (en) * 1937-06-24 1939-05-16 Riley Stoker Corp Pulvurized fuel burner
US2274818A (en) * 1940-05-17 1942-03-03 John S Zink Combination gas and oil burner
US2847063A (en) * 1955-12-27 1958-08-12 Zink Co John Gas and liquid fuel burner assembly

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837784A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-09-24 Elf Union Method for operating modulated burners actuated by an emulsion
US4488868A (en) * 1981-05-15 1984-12-18 Akeo Tanaka Apparatus and method for the combustion of water-in-oil emulsion fuels
US4600377A (en) * 1985-05-29 1986-07-15 Cedarapids, Inc. Refractoriless liquid fuel burner
US5209893A (en) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-11 Southwire Company Adjustable burner insert and method of adjusting same
US5513981A (en) * 1991-11-22 1996-05-07 Aichelin Gmbh Burner with variable volume combination chamber
US5240409A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-08-31 Institute Of Gas Technology Premixed fuel/air burners
US5292244A (en) * 1992-04-10 1994-03-08 Institute Of Gas Technology Premixed fuel/air burner
US5411393A (en) * 1993-01-04 1995-05-02 Southwire Company Premix burner for furnace with gas enrichment
US5772427A (en) * 1993-10-01 1998-06-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etudes Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and utilization of such a burner in a glass furnace
US5934893A (en) * 1996-01-05 1999-08-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and utilization of such burner in glass furnace
US6220852B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2001-04-24 Hauck Manufacturing Company Variable exit high velocity burner
US20100019063A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-01-28 Schroeder Ernst Rotary furnace burner
US8393893B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2013-03-12 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Rotary furnace burner
DE102006060867B4 (de) * 2006-12-22 2020-07-02 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Drehofenbrenner
US20160069563A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2016-03-10 Yahtec Device for burning pre-mixed gas
RU219783U1 (ru) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-07 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения" (ДВГУПС) Устройство для сжигания жидкого топлива

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1536372A (fr) 1968-08-27
DE1751653C3 (de) 1973-10-31
BE717516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-16
ES355738A1 (es) 1969-12-16
SE352433B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-27
GB1228933A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-21
NL6809455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-01-07
DE1751653B2 (de) 1973-04-12
DE1751653A1 (de) 1971-04-29

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