US3532271A - Spray nozzles with spiral flow fluid - Google Patents

Spray nozzles with spiral flow fluid Download PDF

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US3532271A
US3532271A US618172A US3532271DA US3532271A US 3532271 A US3532271 A US 3532271A US 618172 A US618172 A US 618172A US 3532271D A US3532271D A US 3532271DA US 3532271 A US3532271 A US 3532271A
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nozzle
swirl chamber
spray
patternation
fluid
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Frederick F Polnauer
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FREDERICK F POLNAUER
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FREDERICK F POLNAUER
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to spray nozzles and in particular to an improved nozzle for the distribution of fluids, such as liquids, gases and other sprayable materials, into a cone-shaped spray of very fine droplets that are discharged in a uniform pattern and wherein the pressure head of the fluid to be sprayed is efficiently and effectively converted into kinetic energy of rotation in a circulation chamber.
  • fluids such as liquids, gases and other sprayable materials
  • Spray nozzles of the type using a logarithmic spiral flow for the fluid are known in the art.
  • a logarithmic spiral flow which is described in British Pat. No. 760,972
  • optimal flow conditions caused by the formation of a logarithmic spiral flow and thus maximum spray nozzle efficiency, can be obtained by controlling (or is substantially dependent upon) only two major nozzle dimensions. These dimensions are the inlet width and largest radius of the swirl chamber, that is, the chamber in which the logarithmic spiral fluid flow is obtained.
  • the aforesaid British patent states that a ratio of inlet width to largest radius not larger than should be maintained in the swirl chamber.
  • an improved spray nozzle of the logarithmic spiral flow type in which the outlet orifice opening is concentrically aligned with the axis of the swirl chamber at all times.
  • a spray nozzle is provided which has a replaceable outlet orifice plate and a replaceable swirl chamber so that the total configuration of both the outlet orifice plate as well as the swirl chamber may be varied and combined according to certain concepts which are an important part of this invention to attain maximum performance efficiency under a wide range of operational conditions.
  • a further object is to provide a spray nozzle in which the outlet orifice can be readily kept in alignment with the axis of the swirl chamber.
  • Still another object is to provide novel methods for mathematically determining the parameters of logarithmic spiral flow type nozzles in order to achieve certain operational characteristics.
  • An additional object is to provide novel methods and design criteria for use in constructing logarithmic spiral flow type spray nozzles in which the patternation index can be maintained below a given value.
  • a further object is to provide novel methods and design criteria which permit the description and prediction of the patternation index of a logarithmic spiral flow spray type nozzle.
  • Another object is to provide novel methods and design criteria used in the construction of logarithmic spiral fiow type nozzles in which the spray performance can be predicted.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the center of one embodiment of the spray nozzle constructed according to the principles of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the swirl chamber body shown in FIG. 1, with a swirl chamber whose wall is shaped according to a logarithmic spiral;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 44 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the orifice plate
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the orifice plate taken through line 66 of FIG. 5';
  • FIG. 7 is a longtiudinal cross-sectional view through the center of a fuel injection spray nozzle made in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 88 of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan of the nozzle of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 11 is a bottom plan view of the nozzle of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 12 is a longtiudinal cross-sectional view through the center of a fuel injection nozzle for gas turbines made in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the nozzle of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a longitudinal plan view of the nozzle of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view through the center of another embodiment of the fuel injection nozzle 3 for gas turbines according to the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view through the center of a further embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle for gas turbines, according to the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a sectional view of an improved embodiment of the orifice plate.
  • FIG. 18 is a sectional view of an improved embodiment of the swirl chamber.
  • a preferred embodiment of a spray nozzle constructed according to my invention comprises a housing 1 of stepped cylindrical shape with a male thread 5 formed along a portion of its largest outer diameter.
  • the one open end at the top of the housing 1 has a bore 6 in which a swirl chamber body 2, having a bottom wall 12 and a chamber 9, and an orifice plate 3 are located.
  • the lower end of housing 1 contains longitudinal inlet bore 7 concentric with the longitudinal axis AA of the body provided with a female thread 8 into which the liquid to be sprayed is admitted.
  • the swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are tightly fitted into the bore 6 to prevent leakage from the bore 6 of housing 1. As seen, both parts 2 and 3 are readily removed from the bore 6 for the purpose of replacing them.
  • the orifice plate 3 has an orifice and the body 2 has a chamber 9 both of which are concentric with the longitudinal axis AA of the body. This concentric arrangement of orifice plate 3 and swirl chamber body 2 within the bore 6 of housing 1 is of great importance regarding the capability of mass-producing this type of nozzle with a high degree of precision and maintaining very small dimensional tolerances.
  • the bore 6 serves as a gage, or master, for the peripheral diamenters of swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3, this arrangement is important for making it possible that different replacement parts of 2 and 3 will always fit into the housing. Such replacements will be required whenever these parts have been worn off or damaged by usage or must be replaced to accommodate varying operational conditions.
  • Swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are firmly held in place within the housing bore 6 by a threaded cap 4 which presses down upon the upper surface of the orifice plate 3, and thereby also prevents leakage of the fluid from the body.
  • a seal 11 may also be used between the body upper wall and the cap to prevent leakage.
  • the inner wall of the cap 4 carries a female thread 5a to engage the male thread 5 of housing 1.
  • the liquid flow After passing from a fluid supply conduit (not shown) through the inlet bore 7, the liquid flow enters an inlet 13 (see FIG. 2) which is tangential to the inner wall 14 of the swirl chamber 9.
  • the fluid is circulated in chamber 9 along a generalized logarithmic spiral and is discharged through the outlet orifice 10 in the shape of a hollow cone 11 (FIG. 1).
  • the axially symmetric thinwalled conical shell of discharged fluid at the outer edge of the outlet orifice 10 is torn apart into very fine droplets due to the effect of the centrifugal force of the circulating fluid.
  • FIG. 2 the swirl chamber body 2 is shown in a top plan view and the flow path of the fluid entering the tangetial inlet 13 is indicated by the arrow.
  • FIG. 4 which represents a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 2
  • the liquid passes upwardly through a cutout 12a in the bottom section 12 through inlet passage 13 and thereafter thinning inwardly above the bottom wall 12 of the swirl chamber into a horizontal position.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 may be seen four major dimensional parameters of this spray nozzle considered as important, according to my invention, which affect the etliciency and effectiveness of the performance of the spray nozzle. They are the height of the Swirl chamber H; largest radius of the swirl chamber R; width of the tangential inlet B close to the inlet opening into the swirl chamber; and the thickness of the rib S formed by the inner wall of the swirl chamber at the inlet.
  • the inlet side wall 14 of the swirl chamber 9 is preferably shaped according to an outer turn of a true logarithmic spiral.
  • a logarithmic-spirally shaped swirl chamber is preferable in efiiciency to a circularly shaped chamber.
  • the number of inlets into the swirl chamber it can be stated that one inlet is generally most preferable since it causes a minimum of clogging and inner fluid friction.
  • FIG. 5 shows the orifice plate 3 in a top plan view and FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of FIG. 5. From FIG. 6 may be seen the two other major dimensional parameters, the diameter D of the outlet orifice 10 and the axial thickness L of the orifice plate near the outlet orifice.
  • the cone angle 2 b of the hollow spray cone formed by the fine droplets is shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 7-11 show another embodiment of my invention which is useful in applications such as fuel injection in oil burners or in any type of combustion chamber.
  • This embodiment comprises a housing or nozzle body 16 of generally cylindrical shape with two sets of male threads 17 and 18 formed on two different portions of its outer diameter.
  • One open end of body 16 has a concentric longitudinal bore 19 in which the swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are located, as in FIG. 1.
  • the lower end of housing 16 has a concentric longitudinal bore 20, of smaller diameter than bore 19, into which the fluid to be sprayed is admitted.
  • the swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are closely fitted into the bore 19 to prevent leakage from the bore 19 and the nozle body 16. Both parts 2 and 3 are easily removed from the bore 19 for replacement purpose.
  • Swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are firmly held in place within the bore 19 of the housing 16 by a threaded cap 21 which bears down under pressure upon the upper surface of orifice plate 3, and thereby also prevents leakage of the fluid.
  • the inner wall of cap 21 has a female thread 17a engaging into the male thread 17 of nozzle body 16.
  • the swirl chamber and the outlet orifice are held concentric with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle by the inner wall of body 16 surrounding bore 19 which extends above the swirl chamber body and engages a portion of the orifice plate.
  • the threads 18 are provided to engage corresponding threads of the combustion chamber, or any fitting to hold the nozzle body 16.
  • the fitting or chamber reaches a stop against a shoulder 16a.
  • FIGS. 12-14 show a further embodiment of my invention which has particular utility for fuel injection in combustion chambers of gas turbines.
  • the spray nozzle of this embodiment includes a housing or nozzle body 22 of cylindrical shape with two sets of threads 23 and 24 formed on two difffierent portions of its outer diameter.
  • One open end of nozzle body 22 has a longitudinal bore 25 into which the swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are closely fitted.
  • the outlet orifice 10 and swirl chamber 9 are concentric with the longitudinal axis of the body and the bore.
  • the opposite end of housing 2 contains a concentric longitudinal bore 26 of reduced diameter through which the fluid to be sprayed is admitted.
  • Swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3 are closely fitted into bore 25 to prevent leakage within bore 25 and nozzle body 22. Parts 2 and 3 can easily be removed from bore 25 if so required. Both parts 2 and 3 are firmly held in place within bore 25 by a threaded cap 27 which presses down on the upper surface of orifice plate 3 and thus also prevents leakage of the fluid.
  • the inner wall of cap 27 carries a female thread 23a which engages the 1 corresponding male thread 23 of housing 22.
  • the peripheral portion 28 of cap 27 is of circular configuration and its diameter can accommodate the inside diameter 29 of an air shroud member 30.
  • air shroud 30 is to coll the surface of the nozzle and to keep it free of harmful deposits. This is accomplished by introducing an air stream through several longitudinal channels 31 provided in the cylindrical outside portion of cap 27. The air flows up to the inner wall 33 of the top portion of the shroud and is there properly distributed over the face of the nozzle.
  • the inside diameter 29 of shroud 30 fits tightly on the peripheral portion 28 of cap 27, and is thus firmly held in place.
  • Several longitudinal cutouts 32 in the shroud equal in number and matching with the longitudinal channels 31 of cap 27 enable the air to enter the shroud.
  • a lock ring 39a locks cap 27 and body 22 firmly together and thus prevents loosening of the connection provided by the threaded portion 23 of nozzle body 22.
  • the male threaded portion 24 serves to fit the nozzle body 22 into a female threaded fitting contained in the combustor wall, or in a main manifold distributor if the combustion chamber has more than one nozzle.
  • a cylindrical filter 34 of the cartridge type is placed within the bore 26 at the lower end of housing 22 to filter the fuel.
  • the filter screen 34 is brazed to a collar 35 whose peripheral circular diameter 36 can be accommodated within the inside diameter 37 of the cylindrical bore 38 formed at the fuel inlet portion of the nozzle.
  • a retaining snap ring 39 holds collar 35 of filter 34 firmly in place.
  • FIG. 15 shows another embodmient of my invention which may also be used for fuel injection in the combustion chambers of gas turbines.
  • a swirl chamber body 40 of cylindrical shape is shown with two sets of male threads 41 and 42 formed on two different portions of its outer diameter.
  • the closed end of body 40 is integrally formed with the spiral swirl chamber 43.
  • the outside diameter 44 of swirl chamber body 40 is closely fitted into a matching inner bore of a cap 45, which is the orifice body 45 and which has formed at one end thereof the outlet orifice 10.
  • the inner wall of cap 45 carries a female thread 41a for mating with the male thread 41 of housing 40. These threads 41 and 41a mate on the body below the swirl chamber to preserve the axial alignment.
  • the threaded cap 45 bears down on the upper surface of housing 40 and thus prevents leakage of the fluid. Again, the axis of the swirl chamber and of the outlet orifice are held in line with the longitudinal axis of the body. However, the gage action accomplished by the wall 6 of the main body bore in FIG. 1, is lost.
  • the peripheral portion 46 of cap 45 is of circular condiameter 47 of an air shroud 48.
  • Several longitudinal cutouts 48:: are provided on the shroud 48 and matching longitudinal channels 49 in the cap 45, so that the air can flow to the inner wall 50 of shroud 48 and is there properly distributed over the face of the nozzle.
  • the inside diameter 47 of shroud 48 fits tightly on the peripheral portion 46 of cap 45.
  • a fixed joint 51 is provided to secure the assembly firmly.
  • the male threaded portion 42 serves to fit swirl chamber body 40 into a female threaded fitting of the combustor wall or of a manifold fuel distributor.
  • the strainer assembly 52 is similar to the one shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of my invention to be preferably used for fuel injection in gas turbines. This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 in several respects.
  • the nozzle body 53 is of cylindrical shape with two male threaded portions 54 and 55 along two different portions of its outer diameter. Adjacent the left open end of body 53 (as shown in the drawing) are located the swirl chamber body 2 and orifice plate 3. Body 2 and orifice plate 3 are closely fitted into a bore 56 of a threaded cap 57 which holds parts 2 and 3 firmly in place within bore 56 and aligned with the bore axis by pressing down on the upper surface of orifice plate 3, thus preventing leakage of the fluid.
  • cap 57 carries a female thread 54a to engage the corresponding male thread 54 on body 53. Parts 2 and 3 can easily be removed from bore 56 if so required. Similar to the nozzle shown in FIG. 12, the embodiment of FIG. 16 also contains an air shroud 30, a lock ring 39a and a strainer assembly 52.
  • FIG. 17 shows a sectional view of an improved embodiment of the orifice plate 3.
  • improved orifice plate 58 has an upwardly slightly slanting inner wall 59 as shown in the drawing. This has been found advantageous in smoothly guiding the horizontal streamlines into a vertical direction at the outlet orifice and thus minimizing fluid friction.
  • FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of an improved swirl chamber useful with the nozzles of the present invention.
  • the swirl chamber body 60 contains a swirl chamber 61 with its bottom wall carrying a concentric conical ridge 62. This ridge has been found useful in smoothly guiding the streamlines upward toward the orifice hole and thus minimizing inner fluid friction.
  • the concentricity of the orifice or orifice cover plate is independent from the concentricity (or lack of it) of the threaded portion of the cap which holds the orifice cover plate down or which forms the orifice. This is highly advantageous. Further, in those embodiments where a cap is used to hold the cover plate down, in assembling the nozzle and threading the cap on the housing, no twisting or tilting stress is exerted on either the cover plate and/or the swirl chamber body which could otherwise lead to a distortion of both and causes eccentricity of the axis or deflection of it.
  • the nozzle design of my invention is also advantageous for several reasons.
  • the temperature of the oil in a swirl chamber is F
  • the temperature of the oil in a swirl chamber may be 1000 F. and at the area of circulating air on the outer periphery of the nozzle about 700 F. Therefore, temperature gradients are set up which may lead to buckling or warping of the spiral swirl chamber body insert, and particularly the cover plate.
  • the cover plate protrude above the upper rim of the housing body, the orifice cover plate obtains more strength and resistance against buckling.
  • nozzles of the swirl chamber type have been designed primarily by an empirical, or cut-and-try method with little regard to the inter-relationship of the aforementioned six geometric variables.
  • the prior art design methods did not permit any advance prediction as to efiicacy of the nozzle and its spray, for example, in terms of the cone angle and weight flow rate of the fluid.
  • the prior art nozzles are not able to establish certain nozzle design criteria by which a patternation 7 index of below a certain value can be achieved, or to predict the patternation index in general. The effect and use of the patternation index is described below.
  • the discharge coefiicient (K) and spray cone angle (Zr/1) of a nozzle are functions of the geometric parameters of the nozzle and the nozzle pressure drop.
  • K discharge coefiicient
  • Zr/1 spray cone angle
  • K is an empirically derived function (f of the nozzle area ratio A /A By defining the area ratio as ir. or
  • a correction factor f ref (degrees) f3 is used as follows:
  • a nozzle can readily be designed in accordance with Equations 14, once the various functions f through f are determined. For example, consider that a nozzle must be constructed that will give a given weight flow rate W and spray cone angle 231 at a given nozzle pressure drop AP.
  • Equation 4 calculate 02 for the given nozzle pressure drop AP.
  • the data obtained in the run with the various nozzle combinations is plotted to give two families of curves.
  • the first family represents K (ordinate) vs. A /A (abscissa) for the various nozzle combinations at given values of AP, each curve of the family being at one value of AP for nozzles of the number of available combinations.
  • the second family represents the measured 2 ⁇ // (ordinate) vs. A /A for the various nozzle combinations at given values of AP, each curve of the family being at one value of AP for the nozzles of the number of available combinations.
  • Step 1 The discharge coefficient K is obtained from the first family of curves as a function of the A /A ratio.
  • Step 2 To derive the correction factor C as a function 1 of the actual nozzle pressure drop AP in Equation 2, families of curves K vs. A /A with pressure drops varying from 15 to 700 p.s.i. are again plotted.
  • the values of A /A ratios are from the same nozzle combinations used in Step 1 and are identical with the respective values of A /A used in Step 1.
  • the data for each nozzle pressure drop AP is taken from the experiments with the various nozzle combinations.
  • K is the actual discharge coefficient for any AP
  • the correction factor is As explained above, both K and K are derived from the experimental data.
  • swirl chamber spray nozzles using a circulation chamber One of the most difficult requirements to be attained in swirl chamber spray nozzles using a circulation chamber is the atomization of a fluid into fine droplets and discharging the atomized fluid into a uniformly distributed conical spray.
  • the latter property of the spray is of basic importance in many applications of spray nozzles, and particularly for fuel injection in combustors of oil burners, gas turbines, and other internal combustion engines.
  • the degree of uniform weight distribution of the spray achieved by a spray nozzle can be measured by the socalled patternation index (delta) which represents a quantitative measure for the level of distribution.
  • a patternation index may be obtained experimentally.
  • a total number of X observations are taken on the percentage of fluid sprayed into, for example, six equal 60 sectors arranged in a circular or hexagonal catch basin. The sum of the absolute values of the differences between 16 /3% and the percentage falling into each of the six sectors of the catch basin during each of the X test runs is used as the patternation index.
  • a nozzle having a large patternation index would cause uneven, damaging fuel concentrations resulting in hot spots on the combustion wall or adjacent components, e.g., turbine blading.
  • the patternation index is used as an important and basic criterion for the evaluation of the design as related to the total nozzle geometry and also to the quality of the manufacturing technique used to produce this type of swirl chamber spray nozzle.
  • the use of the patternation index serves for optimization of the design and for manufacture evaluation.
  • nozzles having a patternation index delta less than 30, are generally acceptable for many spraying purposes.
  • the patternation index should be much less than 30.
  • the reliability or consistency of the paternation performance is very high for nozzles having a low patternation index.
  • the second step is to find which of the six nozzle parameters are the variables affecting patternation and which combinations (thereof) (such as linear ratios, e.g., D/R; squares, exponential powers, etc.) must be investigated to determine their effect on the patternation behavior of the nozzle.
  • the linear relationships of all of the combinations of six variables are investigated, for example by using a stepwise multiple regression program in a computer, to eliminate all insignificant variables. After the insignificant variables are eliminated a computer run is made to determines the most significant combinations (linear ratios, etc.) of parameters. Further regression analyses are then made to further eliminate non-essential combinations of parameters from this run. After all non-significant combinations of parameters are eliminated an equation is derived which is the basic patternation index delta equation. In the sample process being described, seven regression runs were made and the delta equation turned out to be:
  • the values of the most significant linear and square combinations of parameters are investigated.
  • the following fourteen combinations of variables were tabulated for the various combinations of nozzles investigated.
  • nozzle combinations were used and 465 delta measurements were made with them.
  • a curve is made for delta (ordinate) vs. each one of the fourteen variables within a given range of delta.
  • Each of the curves is evaluated to determine which of the variables influenced the patternation index delta more significantly.
  • the ratios of Group II are criteria for confirming or rejecting the ratios of Group I with regard to their suitability for describing nozzle performance.
  • the ratios of of Group II are capable of screening possible selections of dimensions which are not compatible within themselves.
  • the use of the ten ratios discussed above enable a nozzle designer toobtain a nozzle with a patternation index below a certain value, thirty in the example described with the ranges stated.
  • the use of the three ratios R/D, L/D and S/D also permit the prediction of nozzle performance in terms of the patternation index delta.
  • Equation 5 enables a nozzle designer to ob tain by mathematical analysis the patternation index delta for my nozzle. This is extremely useful since it tells the designer whether or not the nozzle he designs has the required patternation index.
  • Nozzles constructed in accordance with my invention have many significant advantages. Some of these are:
  • a spray nozzle comprising body means formed with an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed and a bore, means forming a swirl chamber having a portion which is in the shape of an are, said swirl chamber having an inlet opening for communication with said bore, and orifice means having an outlet in communication with said swirl chamber, said nozzle having an actual flow rate (W and a spray cone angle (2 in degrees which are related to the ratio (x) of the nozzle inlet area (B.H.) to nozzle outlet area 1rD /4 by the relationships:
  • B is the width of the tangential inlet close to the inlet opening of the swirl chamber
  • D is the diameter of orifice means outlet
  • H is the height of the swirl chamber
  • AP is the actual pressure drop of the nozzle
  • K is the nozzle discharge coefficient at a reference pressure drop
  • C is a correction factor to relate the nozzle discharge coefiicient at the reference pressure drop (K to the discharge coefficient at a particular pressure drop,
  • a spray type nozzle of the type having a swirl chamber at least a portion of which is in the shape of an arc of a spiral with a predictable patt rnation index value, comprising the steps of forming a body with an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed, forming a swirl chamber having an inlet opening communicating with the inlet passage and forming an orifice means with an outlet in communication with the swirl chamber to have the ratios of the following parameters within the stated ranges where k through k are positive real number constants with k; being less than k k k and k k being less than k k and k k being less than k and it and k being less than k and D is the diameter of orifice means outlet, L is the thickness of the orifice means at its outlet, R is the largest radius of the swirl chamber, and S is the thickness of the rib formed by the inner wall of the swirl chamber at the swirl chamber inlet.
  • the method of claim 2 comprising the further step of constructing the nozzle with an inlet between said inlet passage and an inlet portion of the swirl chamber which inlet is generally tangential to an arcuate portion of the swirl chamber, the following ratios of parameters constructed within the stated ranges to make the patternation index less than a certain value, where k through k are positive real number constants where k is less than k k, and k k is less than k and k and k is less than k, and where B is the width of the tangential inlet portion close to inlet opening of the swirl chamber, and H is the height of the swirl chamber. 4.
  • the method of claim 3 further comprising the step of constructing the nozzle with the following ratios of parameters within the stated ranges:
  • a logarithmic spray type nozzle with a predictable patternation index value said nozzle having an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed, a swirl chamber having an inlet opening communicating with the inlet passage and an orifice means with an outlet in communication with the swirl chamber comprising the steps of determining the nozzle parameters of inlet passage area (3-H) and orifice outlet area (1rD /4) for a given nozzle flow rate and cone angle, and constructing the nozzle with the ratios of the parameters B/ D and H /D maintained within predetermined limits where :1 and a are positive real number constants with a being less than a and B is the width of the tangential inlet close to the inlet opening of the swirl chamber,
  • D is the diameter of orifice means outlet
  • H is the height of the swirl chamber.
  • R is the largest radius of the swirl chamber.
  • a through a are positive real number constants where w, is less than all of the other constants a is less than a through a and a a is less than al through a a is less than a through a a is less than a a a and a a is less than a a and a a is less than a and a and a is less than a within the limits R L S 1 5 a 5 a and 4 5 5 wherein D is the diameter of orifice means outlet,
  • L is the thickness of the orifice means at its outlet
  • R is the largest radius of the swirl chamber
  • S is the thickness of the rib formed by the inner wall of the swirl chamber at the swirl chamber inlet
  • k through k are each positive real number constants with k being less than k and k and k; and k each being less than k k and k whereby a nozzle is formed in which the patternation index can be predicted.
  • a spray nozzle comprising body means formed with an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed and a bore, means forming a swirl chamber having a portion which is in the shape of an arc of a curve, said swirl chamber having an inlet opening for communication with said bore, and orifice means having an outlet in communication with said swirl chamber, said swirl chamber means and said orifice means having the following ratios of the parameters and within the limits where D is the diameter of orifice means outlet,
  • L is the thickness of the orifice means at its outlet
  • R is the largest radius of the swirl chamber
  • B is the width of the tangential portion of the inlet means close to the inlet opening of the swirl chamber
  • H is the height of the swirl chamber and where h through h; are positive real number constants with k being less than h h and h h being less than h and I1 and 11 being less than h whereby a nozzle is formed in which the patternation index can be described.
  • H R f hg and hg where h through h; are predetermined positive real number constants
  • R RH B H R referenced back to water having a gage pressure of psi. which enables the description of the nozzle in terms of a patternation index value.
  • a spray nozzle according to claim 10 wherein the nozzle has the following ratios of parameters:
  • each of the constants hq, h and hg is less than any one of the constants h h and h.,; the constant h is less than h and the constant k is less than h 16.
  • a spray nozzle comprising forming a body with an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed and a bore, forming a swirl chamber having an inlet and a portion which is in the shape of an arc and with an inlet opening for comrnunication with the bore, and the swirl chamber, the inlet opening having a portion which is generally tangential to an arcuate portion of the swirl chamber at its inlet opening, forming an orifice means having an outlet in communication with the swirl chamber, and con- 19 structing the nozzle with the parameters B, D, H, L, R and S of the nozzle where:
  • B is the width of the tangential inlet close to the inlet opening of the swirl chamber
  • D is the diameter of orifice means outlet
  • H is the height of the swirl chamber
  • L is the thickness of the orifice means at its outlet
  • R is the largest radius of the swirl chamber
  • S is the thickness of the rib formed by the inner wall of the swirl chamber at the swirl chamber inlet
  • a spray nozzle of the type having body means formed with an inlet passage for receiving the fluid to be sprayed and a bore, swirl chamber means having a portion which is in the shape of an arc and an inlet opening, said swirl chamber means also having an inlet means for communication between said bore and said inlet opening of said swirl chamber, said inlet means having a portion which is generally tangential to a portion of an arc of the swirl chamber at said inlet opening and orifice means having an outlet in communication with said swirl chamber, said nozzle when operating also having an actual flow rate (W and a spray cone angle (2 1/) in degrees which are related to the ratio (x) of the swirl chamber inlet area (B.H) to nozzle area 1rD /4 where:
  • M is the spray cone angle at the reference pressure drop
  • C is a correction factor relating the nozzle spray cone angle at the reference pressure drop to any pressure drop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US618172A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23 Spray nozzles with spiral flow fluid Expired - Lifetime US3532271A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61817267A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23
GB1338270 1970-03-19
NL7004599A NL7004599A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-02-23 1970-04-01
CH487970A CH554699A (fr) 1967-02-23 1970-04-02 Ajutage de pulverisation.
FR7013015A FR2045324A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-02-23 1970-04-10

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US3532271A true US3532271A (en) 1970-10-06

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US (1) US3532271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH554699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2015470A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2045324A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1307706A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7004599A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3680793A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-08-01 Delavan Manufacturing Co Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle
US3771728A (en) * 1971-03-17 1973-11-13 F Polnauer Spray nozzles with spiral flow of fluid and method of constructing the same
FR2216444A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-02-02 1974-08-30 Gen Electric
US3923253A (en) * 1974-05-21 1975-12-02 Grefco Spraying nozzle
US3945574A (en) * 1972-07-24 1976-03-23 Polnauer Frederick F Dual orifice spray nozzle using two swirl chambers
US4071196A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-01-31 Vca Corporation Aerosol valve tip and insert assembly
US4141391A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-02-27 Smith Lester W Water lifting system
GB2177912A (en) * 1985-07-16 1987-02-04 Eugene Mcsweeney Fire extinguisher system
US5320290A (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-06-14 Calsim Gesellschaft Fur Simulationstechnik Mbh Injection nozzle for liquid media
US5337926A (en) * 1992-02-07 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Spray pump package employing multiple orifices for dispensing liquid in different spray patterns with automatically adjusted optimized pump stroke for each pattern
US20040050970A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-18 Bowman Thomas P. Swirl nozzle and method of making same
US20050271993A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2005-12-08 Rudiger Galtz Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate
WO2008015409A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Incro Limited Nozzle and dispenser incorporating a nozzle
US20090224082A1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2009-09-10 General Electric Company Fuel Nozzle Assemblies and Methods
US20100071374A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Spiral Cooled Fuel Nozzle
US20110136067A1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2011-06-09 Thomas Grieb Fuel Insert
CN102264479A (zh) * 2008-12-27 2011-11-30 E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 电铸喷嘴装置和溶液涂覆方法
JP2012158995A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
CN102734030A (zh) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-17 日立汽车系统株式会社 燃料喷射阀
JP2014040840A (ja) * 2013-10-22 2014-03-06 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JP2014055596A (ja) * 2013-12-25 2014-03-27 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
EP2837426A1 (en) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-18 Delavan Inc. Double swirl chamber swirlers
US20150273410A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2015-10-01 Huntsman International Llc Spiral Mixer Nozzle and Method for Mixing Two or More Fluids and Process for Manufacturing Isocyanates
US9724709B2 (en) * 2013-08-15 2017-08-08 Delavan Inc Swirler elements for nozzles
CN108642750A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-10-12 江苏东方生态清淤工程有限公司 一种用于板框机滤布清洗的仿生螺旋高压喷嘴及其设计方法
US10590899B2 (en) * 2012-08-01 2020-03-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel injectors with improved coefficient of fuel discharge
CN114462165A (zh) * 2022-02-17 2022-05-10 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 一种基于遗传算法的喷嘴优化设计方法
CN114849913A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-05 南京工业职业技术大学 一种圆锥雾喷头

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FR3015579B1 (fr) * 2013-12-23 2019-04-26 Safran Aircraft Engines Nez d'injecteur comprenant une semelle de maitien logee dans une partie fixe de systeme d'injection

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US2218110A (en) * 1938-03-15 1940-10-15 Little Inc A Spraying nozzle
US2378348A (en) * 1944-02-16 1945-06-12 Binks Mfg Co Atomizing nozzle
US2551276A (en) * 1949-01-22 1951-05-01 Gen Electric Dual vortex liquid spray nozzle
US2719755A (en) * 1952-12-11 1955-10-04 William L Stanley Atomizing device
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GB760972A (en) * 1953-03-27 1956-11-07 Josef Cornel Breinl Improvements in and relating to spray nozzles
US2904263A (en) * 1956-08-30 1959-09-15 Delavan Mfg Company Liquid spray nozzle
US3013731A (en) * 1958-08-06 1961-12-19 Rolls Royce Fuel injectors for gas turbine engines
US3182916A (en) * 1962-06-29 1965-05-11 Ferdinand Schulz Atomizing nozzle
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2218110A (en) * 1938-03-15 1940-10-15 Little Inc A Spraying nozzle
US2378348A (en) * 1944-02-16 1945-06-12 Binks Mfg Co Atomizing nozzle
US2551276A (en) * 1949-01-22 1951-05-01 Gen Electric Dual vortex liquid spray nozzle
US2751253A (en) * 1950-06-01 1956-06-19 Gen Motors Corp Adjustable spray nozzle
US2719755A (en) * 1952-12-11 1955-10-04 William L Stanley Atomizing device
GB760972A (en) * 1953-03-27 1956-11-07 Josef Cornel Breinl Improvements in and relating to spray nozzles
US2904263A (en) * 1956-08-30 1959-09-15 Delavan Mfg Company Liquid spray nozzle
US3013731A (en) * 1958-08-06 1961-12-19 Rolls Royce Fuel injectors for gas turbine engines
US3182916A (en) * 1962-06-29 1965-05-11 Ferdinand Schulz Atomizing nozzle
US3198214A (en) * 1962-10-30 1965-08-03 R I V Anstalt Zur Verwaltung V Fluid regulator

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3680793A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-08-01 Delavan Manufacturing Co Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle
US3771728A (en) * 1971-03-17 1973-11-13 F Polnauer Spray nozzles with spiral flow of fluid and method of constructing the same
US3945574A (en) * 1972-07-24 1976-03-23 Polnauer Frederick F Dual orifice spray nozzle using two swirl chambers
FR2216444A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-02-02 1974-08-30 Gen Electric
US3923253A (en) * 1974-05-21 1975-12-02 Grefco Spraying nozzle
US4071196A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-01-31 Vca Corporation Aerosol valve tip and insert assembly
US4141391A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-02-27 Smith Lester W Water lifting system
GB2177912A (en) * 1985-07-16 1987-02-04 Eugene Mcsweeney Fire extinguisher system
US5337926A (en) * 1992-02-07 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Spray pump package employing multiple orifices for dispensing liquid in different spray patterns with automatically adjusted optimized pump stroke for each pattern
US5411185A (en) * 1992-02-07 1995-05-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Spray pump package employing multiple orifices having an orifice selector system
US5320290A (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-06-14 Calsim Gesellschaft Fur Simulationstechnik Mbh Injection nozzle for liquid media
US20050271993A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2005-12-08 Rudiger Galtz Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate
WO2004022241A2 (en) 2002-09-09 2004-03-18 Bete Fog Nozzle, Inc. Swirl nozzle and method of making same
US7631820B2 (en) 2002-09-09 2009-12-15 Bete Fog Nozzle, Inc. Spray nozzle and swirl disk therefor
US20040050970A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-18 Bowman Thomas P. Swirl nozzle and method of making same
US20060049282A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2006-03-09 Bowman Thomas P Swirl nozzle and method of making same
US7198201B2 (en) 2002-09-09 2007-04-03 Bete Fog Nozzle, Inc. Swirl nozzle and method of making same
WO2004022241A3 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-07-22 Bete Fog Nozzle Inc Swirl nozzle and method of making same
US9498757B2 (en) * 2005-04-08 2016-11-22 Huntsman International Llc Spiral mixer nozzle and method for mixing two or more fluids and process for manufacturing isocyanates
US20150273410A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2015-10-01 Huntsman International Llc Spiral Mixer Nozzle and Method for Mixing Two or More Fluids and Process for Manufacturing Isocyanates
WO2008015409A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Incro Limited Nozzle and dispenser incorporating a nozzle
US20090224082A1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2009-09-10 General Electric Company Fuel Nozzle Assemblies and Methods
US8276836B2 (en) * 2007-07-27 2012-10-02 General Electric Company Fuel nozzle assemblies and methods
US20110136067A1 (en) * 2008-08-11 2011-06-09 Thomas Grieb Fuel Insert
US20100071374A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Spiral Cooled Fuel Nozzle
US8272218B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2012-09-25 Siemens Energy, Inc. Spiral cooled fuel nozzle
CN102264479A (zh) * 2008-12-27 2011-11-30 E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 电铸喷嘴装置和溶液涂覆方法
EP2373426A4 (en) * 2008-12-27 2012-08-08 Du Pont DEVICE WITH ELECTROFORMING NOZZLES AND METHOD OF SOLUTION COATING
CN102264479B (zh) * 2008-12-27 2014-10-29 E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 电铸喷嘴装置和溶液涂覆方法
JP2012514299A (ja) * 2008-12-27 2012-06-21 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー 電鋳ノズル装置および溶液コーティング法
JP2012158995A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
US8888021B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2014-11-18 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Fuel injector
CN102734030A (zh) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-17 日立汽车系统株式会社 燃料喷射阀
JP2012215135A (ja) * 2011-04-01 2012-11-08 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
CN102734030B (zh) * 2011-04-01 2016-06-29 日立汽车系统株式会社 燃料喷射阀
US10590899B2 (en) * 2012-08-01 2020-03-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel injectors with improved coefficient of fuel discharge
US9573146B2 (en) * 2013-08-15 2017-02-21 Delavan Inc Double swirl chamber swirlers
US20150048182A1 (en) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-19 Delavan Limited Double swirl chamber swirlers
EP2837426A1 (en) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-18 Delavan Inc. Double swirl chamber swirlers
US9724709B2 (en) * 2013-08-15 2017-08-08 Delavan Inc Swirler elements for nozzles
JP2014040840A (ja) * 2013-10-22 2014-03-06 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JP2014055596A (ja) * 2013-12-25 2014-03-27 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
CN108642750A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-10-12 江苏东方生态清淤工程有限公司 一种用于板框机滤布清洗的仿生螺旋高压喷嘴及其设计方法
CN114462165A (zh) * 2022-02-17 2022-05-10 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 一种基于遗传算法的喷嘴优化设计方法
CN114849913A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-05 南京工业职业技术大学 一种圆锥雾喷头
CN114849913B (zh) * 2022-04-20 2023-01-31 南京工业职业技术大学 一种圆锥雾喷头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH554699A (fr) 1974-10-15
NL7004599A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-05
GB1307706A (en) 1973-02-21
FR2045324A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-26
DE2015470A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-21

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