US3519502A - Method of manufacturing sintered metallic magnets - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing sintered metallic magnets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3519502A US3519502A US476751A US3519502DA US3519502A US 3519502 A US3519502 A US 3519502A US 476751 A US476751 A US 476751A US 3519502D A US3519502D A US 3519502DA US 3519502 A US3519502 A US 3519502A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- less
- percent
- alloy
- magnets
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910020639 Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910020675 Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018140 Al-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018564 Al—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing permanent magnets by sintering a mixture of powders of metals and alloys consisting essentially of to 94% by weight of Co, up to 26% by weight of Al, and up to 69% by weight of the total of at least one member selected from the group consisting of up to 50% Ni, up to 20% Ti, up to 20% Mo, up to 13% Cr, up to 18% V, up to 25% W, up to 7.5% Fe, up to 12% Mn, up to 47% Cu, up to 19% Si, up to 45% Sn, and up to 21% Sb.
- the principal object of the invention is to provide homogeneous permanent magnets having large coercive force economically.
- powders of metal or binary alloy containing 30 to Co and less than 25 Al, added with further one or more of Ni less than 50%, Ti less than 20%, Mo less than 20%, Cr less than 13%, V less than 18%, W less than 25%, Fe less than 7.5%, Mn less than 12%, Cu less than 47%, Si less than 19%, Sn less than 45 and Sb less than 21% in total amount less than 65% and some impurities are compressed and formed to a desired shape, and then sintered in vacuo, reducing or inert gas atmosphere and subjected to a suitable heat treatment to precipitate single magnetic domain fine particle of (zeta) phase in the non-magnetic matrix of e (epsilon) phase, thereby manufacturing sintered metal magnets.
- the metal or alloy powder to be used in carrying out said sintering process may be binary mother alloy consisting of Co-Al, Ni-Al, FeAl, or polyvalent mother alloy containing Al or mother alloy of CoAl-V, Co-AkSn, and in use of compressing powders of such alloys use is made, if necessary, of paraffin, camphor, resin or other binder or lubricant.
- heat treatment means such procedure that after sintering for a certain number of hours at a temperature within the range of 9 phase, the article is quenched in a quenching medium and further heated at to a temperature at least 200 C. and below the solid solubility line to precipitate single magnetic domain fine particles of 5* phase in the nonmagnetic matrix of a phase and the same efiect may also be attained by slow cooling while suitably adjusting the cooling speed after the sintering to precipitate the single magnetic domain fine particle of g phase in the nonmagnetic matrix of e phase.
- the alloys to be used for the invention contain alumimum which is easily oxidized at high temperatures, so that in order to possibly prevent oxidation of aluminum at first binary mother alloys such as Co-Al, Ni-Al and FeAl or polynary mother alloys containing aluminum, or 'Co-Al-V alloys and Co-Al-Sn alloys are made and crushed to powders of suitable size and such powders are added with deficient element in the powder form to provide as a whole a desired composition and then the mix tures are stirred thoroughly and charged into a mold having a desired shape and compressed and finally a shaped article is heated in vacuo, hydrogen stream or inert or reducing gas to sinter to provide a desired product.
- binary mother alloys such as Co-Al, Ni-Al and FeAl or polynary mother alloys containing aluminum, or 'Co-Al-V alloys and Co-Al-Sn alloys
- the particle of metal or alloy is small, the mixture of the powders themselves is compressed to form a desired article, but if the particle size becomes larger the shaping becomes ditficulty by alone, so that a small quantity of binder or lubricant, such as paraffin, camphor or resin is added to the mixture.
- the pressure when the mixture is compressed may be smaller in case of small particles, but if the size of particle is larger it requires larger pressure.
- Table 1 illustrates a comparison of characteristics of the permanent magnets made by melting an alloy of a base binary system of Co-Al added with any one of Ni, Ti, Mo, Cr. V, W, Fe, Mn, Cu, Si, Sn or Sb and characteristics of the permanent magnets made by the sintering process according to the invention.
- permanent magnets of the invention manufactured by the powder metallurgy by using an alloy added with one or more of 0 to 50% Ni, 0 to Ti, 0 to 20% Mo, 0 to 13% Cr, 0 to 18% V, 0 to W, 0 to 7.5% Fe, 0 to 12% Mn, 0 to 47% Cu, 0 to 19% Si, 0 to Sn and 0 to 21% Sb to a binary alloy of 75 to 90% Co and 10 to 25% Al and a binary alloy of 30 to 94% Co and less than 26% Al in an amount of less than 69% in total andrcontaining a small impurities can provide substantially same characteristics as those of aconventional permanent magnet manufactured by melting process and moreover, the present method has a large advantage for industrial purpose, more particularly, in the case of manufacturing magnets of a small size and having complicated shape since its cost is particularly low.
- a method of manufacturing sintered metal magnets which comprises compressing powders of metal and alloy consisting essentially of the basic composition of 30 to 94% of Co, a substantial amount up to 26% of Al, and a substantial amount up to 69% total of at least one member selected from the group consisting of up to 50% of Ni, up to 20% of Ti, up to 20% of Mo, up to 13% of Cr, up to 18% of V, up to 25% of W, up to 7.5% of Fe, up to 12% of Mn, up to 47% of Cu, up to 19% of Si, up to 45% of Sn, and up to 21% of Sb, to a required shape, sintering the shaped article thus obtained in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, heating the article in the e+ binary region at a temperature at least 200 C. and below the solid solubility line to precipiate fine particles of ferromagnetic g in a matrix of nonmagnetic e, and finally magnetizing the product thus obtained in a strong magnetic field to obtain a magnet having high coer
- the alloy consists essentially of a base composition of 36 to 92.5% of Co and 1 to 24% of A1, and a substantial amount up to 62% total of at least one member selected from the group consisting up to 49% of Ni, up to 13% of Ti, up to 17% of Mo, up to 12% of Cr, up to 17.5% of V, up to 22% of W, up to 4% of Fe, up to 7% of Mn, up to 37.5% of Cu, up to 15.5% of Si, up to 37% of Sn, and up to 14% of Sb.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP39043824A JPS5121935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-08-04 | 1964-08-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3519502A true US3519502A (en) | 1970-07-07 |
Family
ID=12674483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US476751A Expired - Lifetime US3519502A (en) | 1964-08-04 | 1965-08-02 | Method of manufacturing sintered metallic magnets |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3519502A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5121935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4002506A (en) * | 1974-08-07 | 1977-01-11 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Semi-hard magnetic glass sealable alloy system of cobalt-nickel-titanium-iron |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2192741A (en) * | 1937-09-17 | 1940-03-05 | Gen Electric | Method of making a sintered alloy |
| US2617723A (en) * | 1949-05-04 | 1952-11-11 | Gen Electric | Sintered high energy permanent magnets |
| US3203838A (en) * | 1962-09-28 | 1965-08-31 | Foundation The Res Inst Of Ele | Method of manufacturing permanent magnets having large coercive force |
| US3211592A (en) * | 1962-04-16 | 1965-10-12 | Res Inst For Electric And Magn | Method of manufacturing permanent magnets having large coercive force |
-
1964
- 1964-08-04 JP JP39043824A patent/JPS5121935B1/ja active Pending
-
1965
- 1965-08-02 US US476751A patent/US3519502A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2192741A (en) * | 1937-09-17 | 1940-03-05 | Gen Electric | Method of making a sintered alloy |
| US2617723A (en) * | 1949-05-04 | 1952-11-11 | Gen Electric | Sintered high energy permanent magnets |
| US3211592A (en) * | 1962-04-16 | 1965-10-12 | Res Inst For Electric And Magn | Method of manufacturing permanent magnets having large coercive force |
| US3203838A (en) * | 1962-09-28 | 1965-08-31 | Foundation The Res Inst Of Ele | Method of manufacturing permanent magnets having large coercive force |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4002506A (en) * | 1974-08-07 | 1977-01-11 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Semi-hard magnetic glass sealable alloy system of cobalt-nickel-titanium-iron |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5121935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-07-06 |
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