US3514905A - Hydraulic method and apparatus for dispensing granular material under pressure - Google Patents

Hydraulic method and apparatus for dispensing granular material under pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3514905A
US3514905A US650932A US3514905DA US3514905A US 3514905 A US3514905 A US 3514905A US 650932 A US650932 A US 650932A US 3514905D A US3514905D A US 3514905DA US 3514905 A US3514905 A US 3514905A
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Prior art keywords
pipe section
perforate
tank
vessel
liquid
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US650932A
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English (en)
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William L King
John F King
Loyal W James
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MCKENZIE PUMP CORP
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MCKENZIE PUMP CORP
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1431—Arrangements for supplying particulate material comprising means for supplying an additional liquid
    • B05B7/1436—Arrangements for supplying particulate material comprising means for supplying an additional liquid to a container where the particulate material and the additional liquid are brought together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
    • B24C7/0015—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
    • B24C7/003—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with means for preventing clogging of the equipment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material

Definitions

  • a pipeline extends from a liquid pump to an outlet having a nozzle for emitting a stream of liquid under pressure.
  • the pipeline downstream from the pump includes first branch line including a perforate pipe section extending generally horizontally within the tank and below the upper level of granular material within the tank.
  • the pipeline includes a second branch line in parallel with the first branch line so that a portion of the flow from the pump can bypass the tank.
  • Flow control valves are provided in both branch lines for regulating the proportion of total flow through each branch and thereby the concentration of grit in the flow at the nozzle.
  • the tank is provided with a top filler opening for adding granular material and a closable air vent to permit filling the tank with liquid at line pressure.
  • This invention relates to hydraudic grit dispensing apparatus, such as, for example, hydraulic sandblasting equipment, used for cleaning and removing paint from objects and for etching.
  • a further disadvantage of a venturi device is that it is subject to 3,514,905 Patented June 2, 1970 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • the apparatus of the present invention overcomes the problems of expense, complexity, wear, and lack of flexibility of the prior art in that it comprises a liquid pressure system including simply a pressure vessel and a pipeline having a perforate pipe section extending within the vessel through which liquid is pumped to a discharge nozzle downstream from the vessel.
  • a liquid pressure system including simply a pressure vessel and a pipeline having a perforate pipe section extending within the vessel through which liquid is pumped to a discharge nozzle downstream from the vessel.
  • the concentration of grit in the flow can be varied by varying the rate of flow or the size of the perforations, or by diverting a variable portion of the flow so that it bypasses the perforate pipe section.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one form of apparatus in accordance with the invention, including a generally cylindrical pressure vessel 10 having a flat bottom 12 and an open top closed by a cover 14.
  • the cover is secured to an annular flange 16 of the vessel by bolts 18.
  • a gasket 20 positioned between the lid and the flange provides a pressure tight seal.
  • the cover has a filler opening 22 through which the vessel may be filled with a granular material such as the sand 24 shown within the vessel.
  • the filler opening is normally closed during operation of the apparatus by a screw type filler cap 26.
  • An air vent pipe 28 extends through another opening in the cover and is closable by a manually operated valve 30.
  • the apparatus also includes a liquid pressure system including a pressure liquid passage means extending from a source of liquid under pressure to an outlet opening.
  • the passage means includes a pipeline indicated generally at 32 connected at one end to a liquid pump 34 and at the other end to a nozzle 36 at the outlet.
  • the pipeline includes a primary pipe section 32a extending from the pump to a T coupling 38 just upstream from the vessel. At this coupling the pipeline diverges into two branch pipe sections, one 32b extending horizontally above the vessel to bypass the same, and the other 320 passing vertically downwardly through an opening 40 in the cover and into the vessel.
  • Branch section 320 terminates near the bottom of the vessel at a elbow 42 to which iscOnnected a perforate pipe section 44, which extends from one side of the tank to an opposite side thereof just above bottom 12, finally terminating at another 90 elbow 46.
  • a vertical pipe section 32d extends upwardly from elbow 46 and through cover 14 to another T coupling 48.
  • Coupling 48 is also the downstream terminus of branch pipe section"32b'.”Frorn T 48, the How through both branches merges and flows downstream through a common outlet pipe section 32e, which is coupled at 50 to a length of flexible hose 52 having nozzle 36 at its outlet end.
  • Branch pipe section 32b bypassing the tank includes a manually operable regulating and shut off valve 54.
  • a second manually operable regulating valve 56 is provided in branch line 32c leading into the tank to the perforate pipe section 44. These two valves are used to regulate and vary the flow through each of the two branches. In fact, the valves can be used to send all of the flow through either one of the branches, if desired.
  • filler cap 26 is removed and the vessel is at least partially filled with sand or some other desired granular material, depending on the end use to which the appaartus is to be put. Then the filler cap is replaced. Valve 30 on the vent pipe is opened, valve 54 closed and valve 56 opened so that the full flow initially passes through perforate pipe section 44 and into the vessel. Nozzle 36 is also preferably closed so that the vessel fills rapidly with liquid flowing through the perforations 58 in pipe section 44. After the vessel is filled with liquid, valve 30 is closed so that the internal hydraulic pressure of the vessel approximates that of the line. Valves 54 and 56 are adjusted so that the desired proportion of the total flow passes through perforate pipe section 44.
  • a very satisfactory intermixing occurs within the perforate section despite the absence of any venturi or jet device.
  • the grit entraining action continues until the level of granular material within the vessel reaches the bottom thereof.
  • the concentration of sand or other grit in the spray is controlled by varying the proportion of fiow through the perforate pipe section, the greater the proportion of the total fiow through the perforate pipe section, the higher the concentration of grit in the total flow at the nozzle.
  • the concentration of grit in the final spray can also be controlled by varying the size of perforations 58 in the perforate pipe section.
  • the tendency of the perforate pipe to clog is increase with an increase in the size of the perforations beyond certain limits.
  • the perforate pipe section had a three-quarter inch inside diameter with perforations spaced throughout the circumference of the perofrate pipe section. It was found that the apparatus worked best with perforations ranging in size from one-sixteenth inch to one-quarter inch in diameter.
  • the aforesaid test apparatus was operated with a pump deliverying water at its outlet under pressure of 450 p.s.i. at twenty gallons per minute (g.p.m.). Pipe having a three-quarter inch inside diameter was used throughout the system with a hose of one-half inch inside diameter and a three-sixteenths inch nozzle.
  • the vessel itself had an inside diameter of twelve inches and an inside height of eighteen inches.
  • the outlet orifice of the pump had a one-half inch inside diameter. With both valves 54 and 56 wide open, the apparatus delivered a spray at the nozzle having a concentration of approximately 2% sand, by weight.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 embodiment FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate another, commercial form of the apparatus including a high strength steel tank 180 having curved upper and lower ends 102 and 104, respectively, with a filler opening 106 and filler cap 108 at the upper end and a drain opening 110 and drain cap 112 at the lower end.
  • the upper end also includes a closable air vent pipe 114.
  • a straight perforate pipe section 116 is connected at its opposite ends to axially aligned externally threaded sleeve couplers 118, 120 at opposite sides of the tank near the bottom.
  • couplings 118, 120 are threaded into bosses 121, 122, respectively, welded to the outside of the tank surrounding axially aligned openings 123, 124 therein.
  • Coupling 120 is internally threaded to receive an externally threaded end 125 of perforate pipe 116.
  • the opposite coupling 118 has a smooth but slightly tapered bore at 126 which snugly receives a complementary, tapered end 127 of perforate pipe 116.
  • An inlet pipe section 130 is connected as by welding at its downstream end to coupling 120 and is connected at its upstream end to a pump (not shown).
  • An outlet pipe section 132 is connected at its upstream end to coupling 118 on the tank, and at its downstream end to a flexible hose as shown in the FIG. 1 embodiment.
  • a branch pipe section 134 which is imperforate and corresponds to the branch section 32b of FIG. 1, also passes through the tank, bypassing perforate section 116.
  • the greater length 136 of branch line 134 is a single length of pipe welded to opposite sides of the tank. The opposite ends of pipe 136 are threaded and project outside the tank so that they can be coupled to the remaining portions of the branch 134 by suitable couplings.
  • Bypass section 134 is connected to the main inlet and outlet pipes 130 and 132 at T connections 138 and 139, respectively. Both the bypass branch 134 and the branch including perforate pipe section 116 are provided with regulating valves 140 142, respectively, outside the tank to control the flow rate through both branches.
  • Another valve 144 is provided downstream from the perforate pipe 116 but upstream from T 139 to prevent the drawing of sand into outlet 132 when a gritless flow of fresh water through bypass 134 is desired.
  • the tank has a thirty gallon capacity with a sixteen inch outside diameter and a thirty inch height throughout its cylindrical extent.
  • the tank is made of steel and is capable of withstanding a working pressure of 600 p.s.i.
  • the filler opening has a three inch diameter, and the drain opening has a two inch diameter.
  • All piping, including the perforate pipe section, is three-quarter inch stock.
  • the openings in the perforate pipe section are of threesixteenths inch diameter and spaced apart longitudinally on three-quarter inch centers. There are four rows of openings spaced circumferentially about the pipe, with the holes of adjacent rows being staggered with respect to one another.
  • perforate pipe sections are of constant diameter throughout their lengths, although this is not essential, the significance being that the apparatus does not need to depend on any venturi action to induce the sand to enter the perforate pipe section.
  • perforate pipe sections in the two illustrated embodiments extend horizontally, it should be understood that such pipe sections could extend at a slight inclination to the horizontal so long as they paralleled approximately the bottom of the tank. In this regard a generally horizontally disposed perforate pipe section is much preferred to a generally upright perforate pipe section.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates somewhat schematically a pressurized tank 150 similar to that of FIG. 2 partially filled with sand or-other cleansing agent and water.
  • a pipe 152 leading from a pump (not shown) divides at 153, into a pair of parallel pipes 154, 155 which then extend into tank 150.
  • the parallel pipes include perforate pipe sections 156, 157 within the tank. Parallel pipes 154, 155 then extend outwardly through the tank and merge again at 158 into a single outlet pipe 160 which leads to a nozzle or other outlet opening.
  • the apparatus as described would be used most commonly with sand and water. However it will be understood that any liquid and granular material could be used successfully in the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the apparatus has been used successfully with sawdust in the tank, using water as the carrier.
  • the granular material be heavier than the liquid carrier, although such is preferred for optimum performance.
  • materials soluble in water, such as detergents have been used successfully in the tank, and it is believed that the apparatus could also be used to dispense a mixture of two dissimilar liquids, one, such as water, as the carrier, and another, such as an insecticide, as the material to be dispensed from the tank.
  • the apparatus is primarily intended for use in dispensing granular material in a high liquid pressure blast for cleaning purposes.
  • a particular advantage of the FIG. 2 form is that if a perforate pipe section having larger openings is desired, one perforate pipe section can be replaced easily and quickly by another having openings of the desired size.
  • METHOD Summarizing the method of the present invention, it contemplates the flow of a continuous stream of liquid carrier through an internally pressurized tank filled with both a mixture of granular material, preferably having a greater density than the liquid, and more of the liquid under pressure approximating the pressure of the stream except for the slightly reduced pressure of the stream due to its velocity.
  • the stream flow within the tank passes beneath but adjacent to the granular material and is separated therefrom by a foraminous boundary layer which controls the rate of entrainment of granular material in the stream.
  • a dispensing apparatus including a closed vessel containing a fluent nongaseous material and a pipeline extending from a source of pressurized liquid carrier through said vessel to an outlet opening, characterized by said vessel being fluid pressure tight and under an internal liquid pressure when the apparatus is in operation, and said pipeline including a perforate pipe section extending within an interior portion of said vessel containing said fluent material, said perforate section providing a liquid flow path of substantially constant cross sectional area throughout the length thereof and through said fluent material so that the normal flow of said liquid carrier through said perforate section in flowing continuously from said source to said outlet entrains some of said fluent material in said liquid and carries the same to said outlet.
  • Hydraulic grit-dispensing apparatus comprising:
  • a vessel including means for internally pressurizing said vessel
  • said vessel including means for adding a granular material thereto
  • a liquid pressure system including continuous passage means extending from a source of liquid under pressure to an outlet,
  • said passage means including a perforate pipe section extending generally horizontally within a lower portion of said vessel downstream from said source and upstream from said outlet, whereby with said vessel at least partially filled with granular material and with liquid, the flow ofliquid through said perforate pipe section induces the flow of granules from said vessel into said section Where they become entrained in flowing liquid and carried therein to said outlet.
  • said vessel includes a selectively closable air vent which permits when open the filling of said vessel with liquid from said perforate pipe section and which when closed places the vessel under a pressure approximating the pressure of the flow within said perforate pipe section.
  • passage means includes an imperforate branch pipe section in parallel with said perforate section so that a portion of the flow through said passage means bypasses said perforate pipe section, said passage means including a passage section downstream from said perforate and branch pipe sections rejoining the flows from said branch and perforate pipe sections upstream from said outlet.
  • passage means includes means for regulating the proportion of the total liquid flow passing through said perforate and branch pipe sections.
  • said means for regulating flow includes a first valve means in said branch pipe section and a second valve means in a pipe section in parallel with said branch pipe section and connected to said perforate pipe section.
  • said vessel comprises a fluid pressure-tight tank having a greater height than-width and having a closable filler opening at the top thereof for placing granular material within said tank, and a closable air vent means at the top thereof for permitting the escape of air from said tank to permit filling of the same with liquid from said perforate pipe section, and a drain opening at the bottom of said tank,
  • said passage means comprising a branch passage section branching from the primary passage means upstream from said perforate pipe section and rejoining said primary passage means downstream from said perforate pipe section whereby a portion of the flow through said passage means bypasses said perforate section, valve means in conjunction with said branch section and said perforate pipe section for regulating the proportion of the total flow passing through said branch and perforate pipe sections,
  • said source of pressure fluid including a pump upstream from said perforate and branch pipe sections, a nozzle at the outlet of said passage means, a granular material at least partially filling said tank, a liquid of less density than said, granular material within said tank and under a pressure corresponding to the liquid pressures Within said liquid pressure system, perforations in said perforate pipe section having greater diameters than the granules within said tank,
  • said perforations being arranged throughout the circumference and throughout the greater portion of the length of said perforate pipe section within said tank.
  • a method of dispensing gritty material in a liquid stream for cleansing and other purposes comprising the steps:
  • a method according to claim 11 including the step:
  • perforate pipe section extends at a generally horizontal disposition through said fluent material and is provided with perforations throughout substantially the entire horizontal extent of said fluent material within said vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
US650932A 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Hydraulic method and apparatus for dispensing granular material under pressure Expired - Lifetime US3514905A (en)

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AU (1) AU5360869A (th)
DE (1) DE1919581A1 (th)
FR (1) FR2041289A5 (th)
GB (1) GB1230345A (th)
NL (1) NL6809426A (th)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815286A (en) * 1971-11-01 1974-06-11 Futurecraft Corp Ind Pneumatic abrasive cutting apparatus
DE3239429A1 (de) * 1982-10-25 1984-04-26 Keizers, geb. Kalle, Sigrid, 4280 Borken Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben eines hochdruckstrahlers
US4548001A (en) * 1980-05-16 1985-10-22 John Link Cleaning apparatus and method
US4561808A (en) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-31 Metco Inc. Powder feed pickup device for thermal spray guns
WO1987002290A1 (en) * 1985-10-10 1987-04-23 The British Hydromechanics Research Association Feeding abrasive material
US4984536A (en) * 1990-03-26 1991-01-15 Powell James W Fish feeding apparatus
US5190415A (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-03-02 Ingersoll-Rand Company Flow induced feed collector and transporter apparatus
EP2168722A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-03-31 Cold Cut Systems Svenska AB System for mixing additive with liquid
US20110300780A1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-12-08 Werner Hunziker Device for blast-machining or abrasive blasting objects
WO2013120524A1 (de) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-22 Ant Applied New Technologies Ag Wasser-abrasiv-suspension-schneidanlage

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE458604B (sv) * 1983-04-15 1989-04-17 Imeko System Ab Farkost foer kalkning av sjoear
DE3722258A1 (de) * 1987-07-06 1989-01-19 Pro Aqua Geraete Gmbh Vorrichtung zum herstellen eines unter hochdruck stehenden granulat/fluid-gemisches
DE59200761D1 (de) * 1991-05-23 1994-12-15 Pro Aqua Geraete Gmbh Wasser/Sand-Dosiergerät.
GB2382317B (en) * 2001-11-22 2004-05-12 Quill Internat Ind Plc Abrasive blasting apparatus

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US709448A (en) * 1901-08-05 1902-09-16 Joseph Shaver Sand-blast-controlling apparatus.
US847269A (en) * 1905-11-10 1907-03-12 American Diamond Blast Company Sand-blast apparatus.
US864471A (en) * 1906-02-19 1907-08-27 Internat Sand Blast Company Sand-blast apparatus.
US1727027A (en) * 1927-04-06 1929-09-03 Charles A Dreisbach Sand-blast device
US2076414A (en) * 1936-03-02 1937-04-06 Panagopoulos John Coil cleaning machine
US2200587A (en) * 1937-02-25 1940-05-14 Hydroblast Corp Method and apparatus for sand blasting
US2573917A (en) * 1949-12-29 1951-11-06 Hydro Blast Corp Sand feeder
US3084484A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-04-09 Sylvania Electric Prod Pneumatic abrasive cutting apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US709448A (en) * 1901-08-05 1902-09-16 Joseph Shaver Sand-blast-controlling apparatus.
US847269A (en) * 1905-11-10 1907-03-12 American Diamond Blast Company Sand-blast apparatus.
US864471A (en) * 1906-02-19 1907-08-27 Internat Sand Blast Company Sand-blast apparatus.
US1727027A (en) * 1927-04-06 1929-09-03 Charles A Dreisbach Sand-blast device
US2076414A (en) * 1936-03-02 1937-04-06 Panagopoulos John Coil cleaning machine
US2200587A (en) * 1937-02-25 1940-05-14 Hydroblast Corp Method and apparatus for sand blasting
US2573917A (en) * 1949-12-29 1951-11-06 Hydro Blast Corp Sand feeder
US3084484A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-04-09 Sylvania Electric Prod Pneumatic abrasive cutting apparatus

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815286A (en) * 1971-11-01 1974-06-11 Futurecraft Corp Ind Pneumatic abrasive cutting apparatus
US4548001A (en) * 1980-05-16 1985-10-22 John Link Cleaning apparatus and method
DE3239429A1 (de) * 1982-10-25 1984-04-26 Keizers, geb. Kalle, Sigrid, 4280 Borken Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben eines hochdruckstrahlers
JPS59502138A (ja) * 1982-10-25 1984-12-27 カイザ−ス，ゲブ・カレ，シグリッド 湿砂を用いるサンドブラスト方法及び該方法を実施する湿式サンドブラスト装置
US4561808A (en) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-31 Metco Inc. Powder feed pickup device for thermal spray guns
US4854090A (en) * 1985-10-10 1989-08-08 The British Hydromechanics Research Association Feeding abrasive material
WO1987002290A1 (en) * 1985-10-10 1987-04-23 The British Hydromechanics Research Association Feeding abrasive material
US4984536A (en) * 1990-03-26 1991-01-15 Powell James W Fish feeding apparatus
US5190415A (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-03-02 Ingersoll-Rand Company Flow induced feed collector and transporter apparatus
EP2168722A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-03-31 Cold Cut Systems Svenska AB System for mixing additive with liquid
US20110300780A1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-12-08 Werner Hunziker Device for blast-machining or abrasive blasting objects
US20110306279A1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-12-15 Werner Hunziker Blasting nozzle for a device for blast-machining or abrasive blasting objects
US8668554B2 (en) * 2010-02-24 2014-03-11 Werner Hunziker Blasting nozzle for a device for blast-machining or abrasive blasting objects
US8696406B2 (en) * 2010-02-24 2014-04-15 Werner Hunziker Device for blast-machining or abrasive blasting objects
WO2013120524A1 (de) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-22 Ant Applied New Technologies Ag Wasser-abrasiv-suspension-schneidanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2041289A5 (th) 1971-01-29
GB1230345A (th) 1971-04-28
DE1919581A1 (de) 1970-11-05
NL6809426A (th) 1969-01-07
AU5360869A (en) 1970-10-22

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