US3512214A - Apparatus for melt spinning of synthetic filaments - Google Patents

Apparatus for melt spinning of synthetic filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3512214A
US3512214A US563745A US3512214DA US3512214A US 3512214 A US3512214 A US 3512214A US 563745 A US563745 A US 563745A US 3512214D A US3512214D A US 3512214DA US 3512214 A US3512214 A US 3512214A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
spinning
cylinder
spinneret
tank
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US563745A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kamekichi Shiba
Tetsuo Tamaki
Ryoichiro Funakoshi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuji Spinning Co Ltd
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Fuji Spinning Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Spinning Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Spinning Co Ltd
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Publication of US3512214A publication Critical patent/US3512214A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/084—Heating filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes

Definitions

  • An apparatus for melt spinning of synthetic filaments includes a heater for melting the resin, and a pump or other means for forcing the melted resin through a spinneret to form filaments.
  • An infrared ring-shaped heater fuses the filaments. They are then cooled in a cooling bath.
  • This invention relates to apparatus for the melt spinning of synthetic filaments.
  • the filaments emanating from the spinneret are instantly heated and fused in the porcelain heating cylinder and are subjected to drawing by viscous drag and traction of fused high molecular materials so that greatly elongatable fine-denier filaments with an unorientated molecular structure are continuously obtained.
  • the heating and fusing parts of this system present difficulties in uniform and concentrated heating because of the wide temperature distribution.
  • the drawing action may be variable in space and time and the filaments may be accordingly drawn with serious irregularities.
  • the high molecular substances including various contained additives, for example, thermal stabilizers
  • thermal stabilizers various contained additives, for example, thermal stabilizers
  • the filaments in the unsolidified or soft state which are processed through the heating cylinder are badly oscillated by the stream of exhaust gases being discharged.
  • the overall length of the spinning cylinder must be markedly increased in proportion to the increase in the spinning rate in order to cool and solidify the filaments inside the spinning cylinder. Such cooling is accomplished with air drawn in from the bottom of the cylinder.
  • a horizontal cooling water channel is provided below the bottom of the spinning shaft.
  • the filaments which are not fully solidified are wound on a yarn guide prior to their cooling in order to be transported to the water channel.
  • the filaments are likely to be deformed or damaged by the contact with the yarn guide and are subjected to the substantially increased viscous drag of the bath liquid with the result that highspeed spinning is not achieved.
  • a large number of parallel running filaments of high-molecular substances are extruded from spinneret openings and are highly drawn by heating and fusing simultaneously and instantly by the use of a ring-shaped infrared ray heater.
  • the stretching of filaments which in a soft or semi-soft state, is used often for the relief of their inner strains; see Schmidlin, Preparation and Dyeing of Synthetic Fibers (Eng. edition, 1963) at pp. 25-27 and 36.
  • the heater is circular and uniform in cross-section. This ring-shaped heater has a far lower drag against the decomposed gases which are being exhausted than the slender and hollow cylindrical type previously used.
  • the filaments in their unsolidified (soft state) are cooled solid by water without any alteration in their axial direction in a vertically aligned cooling tank.
  • the cooling water positively supports the filaments from sidewise vibration and permits the use of a shorter spinning cylinder.
  • one embodiment of the invention is characterized in that filaments emerging from the spinneret are momentarily heated and fused by a ring-shaped infrared ray heater which is circular in section.
  • a ring-shaped infrared ray heater which is circular in section.
  • another embodiment of the invention is characterized as comprising one or a plurality of ring-shaped infrered ray heaters which are disposed at suitable intervals in the upper portion of a spinning cylinder and an inverted truncated conical tank for cooling liquid which is provided underneath the spinning cylinder and in the same axial direction as the fibers which emanate from said spinning shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a melt spinning apparatus formed in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • a spinneret 1 is positioned at the top of a spinning cylinder 2.
  • One, or a plurality, of infrared ray heaters 3 is positioned at the inside of the upper portion of the spinning cylinder 2.
  • Each heater consists of an annular quartz tube having a circular section and containing a nickel-chromium resistance wire, i.e., a Nichrome wire, hermetically sealed therein. If a plurality of heaters are used they are disposed at suitable intervals at the top of the cylinder 2.
  • the inner wall of the spinning cylinder 2 surrounding the infrared ray heater 3 is provided with a large number of exhaust ports 4. These ports 4 communicate outward- 1y, through circular perforated or porous plates 5, to an exhaust duct 6.
  • the duct 6 leads the exhaust gases which are pumped to the outside.
  • An air intake rectifier plate '7 i.e., a perforated gas turbulence damping plate, is attached at the bottom of the cylinder 2.
  • a jacket 8, for heat insulation, is mounted on the top of the cylinder 2.
  • Tank has a small Water releasing orifice 9 at its bottom.
  • Tank 10 is fully open at its top.
  • the water from orifice 9 is collected in a tank and recirculated.
  • the water in the tank 10 which is released through the orifice 9 is replenished by Water from feed pipe 11.
  • the water is caused to overflow beyond the top edge of the tank 10, so that the cooling water can be supplied and maintained at a constant level.
  • the overflow water is collected by an overflow tank 12 and is drained through an overflow return pipe 13.
  • the pipe 13 may be connected to the feed pipe 11 for recirculation and reuse of the water after its purification or other treatment.
  • a stretching roll 14 and a winding roll 15 are positioned after tank 10 to stretch and Wind the bunch of filaments being wound up.
  • the filaments are usually in the fused state immediately after discharge from a spinneret. At that point they have such a high transmissivity to heat rays that, when heated by irradiation with infrared rays from infrared heaters of the construction as above described, they can be instantly and uniformly heated, not merely on the surface, but to their very cores. Moreover, the heaters of the present invention obtain a good thermal efliciency, because direct heating of the filaments is possible Without any wasteful heating or temperature rise of the atmosphere surrounding the filaments. The temperature control of the heaters for the prevention of decomposition and deterioration of the material by excessive heat is achieved electrically with ease.
  • the heaters are suitable heating sources for effecting a high degree of drawing.
  • the infrared rays emitted by the resistance wire, according to the invention are irradiated through quartz glass having an extremely high transmissivity to infrared rays.
  • the infrared radiation is therefore more intense and uniform in wavelength distribution than are the heat rays emitted from the unglazed porcelain cylinder, mentioned above, which has a lesser transmissivity to infrared rays.
  • the infrared heater of the invention is ring-shaped with a circular cross section, is provides a heating and fusing zone for the filaments in which the temperature distribution is more uniform compared to the slender hollow cylinded mentioned above, and thus accomplishes effective heating uniformly and concentrically in space.
  • the volatile decomposed gases are evenly exhausted by the action of the annular porous resistance plates when they are discharged, together with the air flowing in through the air intake rectifier plate, into the exhaust duct by -way of the exhaust ports.
  • the highly drawn filaments still in the unsolidified or soft state, are passed through the cooling liquid tank without any alteration in the axial direction of the filaments. They are allowed to run together with the cooling water, past the water releasing orifice, so that they can be rapidly cooled to their solid state by the water.
  • the cooling bath itself serves to inhibit or damp the swinging of running filaments. This eliminates the need of guides for the filaments, and hence precludes any possibility of deformation or damage of the filaments.
  • the filaments are discharged together with the cooling water. At that point, i.e., at orifice 9, the filaments are solidified and Wound around a stretching roll 14.
  • the roll 14 carries them in a direction tangential to their original direction.
  • the filaments are then wound at a high speed on a winding roll 15.
  • the heating device which consists of a spinning cylinder equipped with infrared heaters on the upper part thereof and the cooling device consisting of a cooling tank of the type above described have their own individual merits.
  • both devices are combined, one may attain all the more improved effects in accomplishing high drawn melt spinning efficiently in a short spinning apparatus. Because the spinning cylinder is short in height means that the overall spinning equipment becomes small in size. Accordingly, the cost of construction is lower and the handling is easier.
  • the high-molecular substances useful in the invention include not only homopolymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and polyethylene, but also copolymers and mixtures thereof. Even a mixture containing a component which is particularly prone to be thermally decomposed or consisting of components which differ in the fusing point or softening point, can be produced to highly drawn good-quality synthetic filaments by the instant intensive heating accomplished in accordance with the invention, if the mixture is extruded beforehand by an extruder or other means through a spinneret into filaments.
  • EXAMPLE 1 To one thousand parts of a commercially available polyvinyl chloride resin (With a nominal mean polymerization degree of 800), 25 parts each of dibutyl tin dilaurate and dibutyl tin maleate (as thermal stabilizers) and 20 parts of bis-stearic amide (as a lubricant) were added. The mixture was extruded by an extruder having a screw, 30 mm. in diameter, and spun through a spinneret having holes each 1.5 mm. in diameter and 1.5 mm. in effective length, at a temperature of C. and a spinning rate of 400 mm. per minute. The filaments leaving the spinneret were heated by a 2.0 kw.
  • a commercially available polyvinyl chloride resin With a nominal mean polymerization degree of 800, 25 parts each of dibutyl tin dilaurate and dibutyl tin maleate (as thermal stabilizers) and 20 parts of bis-stearic amide
  • the ring-shaped infrared heater which had a circular tube 20 mm. in the cross sectional diameter and mm. in the ring diameter (or three 0.75 kw. heaters spaced in a distance of 20 mm. from one another) and which was disposed 30 mm. below the spinneret.
  • the temperature of the central heating area on the plane including the ring of the infrared heater (hereinafter referred to as the infrared area) was 290 C.
  • a cooling tank provided below the spinning cylinder (at a distance of 80 cm. from the heater) was supplied with water. at normal temperature at a rate of 3 liters per minute.
  • the filaments were thereafter oiled and wound up at a rate of 1800 m. per minute.
  • the fibers thus obtained the following good properties:
  • EXAMPLE 2 A commercially available polypropylene resin (with a nominal mean molecular weight of 60,000) was spun into filaments in the same manner as described in Example 1, with the exception of the following conditions:
  • the material was extruded through an extruder and spun through a spinneret having five holes each 1.5 mm. in diameter, at a temperature of 192 C. and at a spinning rate of 500 mm. per minute.
  • the filaments were then passed through the infrared area kept at 210 C. for drawing and were wound up at a rate of 800 m. per minute.
  • the fibers thus obtained had a size of 2.56 deniers, tensile strength of 4.2 g./d., and ultimate elongation of 52%.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A commercially available polyethylene resin (with a nominal mean molecular weight of 40,000) was spun into filaments in the same manner as in Example 1, with the exception of the following conditions: by the use of a spinneret having 30 holes each 1.5 mm. in diameter, the material was extruded through an extruder at a temperature of 145 C. and at a rate of 600 mm. per minute. The filaments were then drawn at an infrared area temperature of 280 C. and wound up at a rate of 1400 in. per minute.
  • the fibers thus obtained had a size of 2.83 deniers, tensile strength of 2.9 g./d., and elongation of 43%.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A commercially available polycarbonate resin (with a nominal mean molecular weight of 30,000) was spun into filaments in the same manner as in Example 1, with the exception of the following conditions: The material was extruded through a spinneret having holes each 0.7 mm. in diameter, at a spinning rate of 500 mm. per minute and at 225 C. The drawing temperature of the infrared area was 275 C. and the filaments thus produced were wound up at a rate of 800 m. per minute.
  • the fibers obtained had a size of 2.5 deniers, a tensile strength of 2.8 g./d., and an elongation of 42%.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A commercially available ABS (acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene) resin was spun into filaments in the same manner as in Example 1, with the following exceptions: The ABS resin was extruded through a spinneret having five holes. Each hole was 1.5 mm. in diameter. The spinning rate was 400 mm. per minute and the temperature was 170 C. Drawing of the filaments was effected at the infrared area and their temperature kept at 225 C. during such drawing. The filaments were wound up at a rate of 400 m. per minute. The fibers obtained had a size of 5 deniers, a tensile strength of 2.1 g./d., and an elongation of 32%.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene
  • Apparatus for the melt spinning of synthetic fibers in which the filaments of the fibers are drawn from a spinneret comprising a vertically aligned cylinder having a plurality of exhaust ports near its top; a spinneret positioned at the top of said cylinder; a ringshaped infrared heater positioned beneath the spinneret and inside said cylinder in the area of the cylinder which contains the exhaust ports; an exhaust chamber surrounding that portion of the cylinder containing the exhaust ports, said exhaust chamber comprising a plurality of concentric porous ring-shaped plates and an outermost ring-shaped plate having a duct port therein.
  • Apparatus as described in claim 1 further including a cooling tank adapted to hold cooling fluid positioned beneath the heater, said tank being vertically aligned and having an opening at its top and an orifice at its bottom for the passage of said filaments.
  • Apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a feed pipe extending to said opening of the tank to supply a cooling liquid to overflow the top of said tank, and an overflow tank to collect the liquid overflow from the top of said cooling tank, said overflow tank having an overflow return pipe communicating with said feed pipe for recirculation and re-use of the cooling liquid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US563745A 1965-07-08 1966-07-08 Apparatus for melt spinning of synthetic filaments Expired - Lifetime US3512214A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4059565 1965-07-08

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US3512214A true US3512214A (en) 1970-05-19

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US (1) US3512214A (es)
BE (1) BE683647A (es)
DE (1) DE1660308A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1486022A (es)
GB (1) GB1111649A (es)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4600375A (en) * 1983-04-18 1986-07-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Injection apparatus including means for feeding solid resin to an injection means and radiant heating means to melt the resin
US5639484A (en) * 1993-05-24 1997-06-17 Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Limited Spinning cell
US5700490A (en) * 1994-09-30 1997-12-23 Barmag Ag Apparatus and method for the thermal treatment of fibers
US5785997A (en) * 1993-10-22 1998-07-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process for melt-spinning monofilaments
CN102226300A (zh) * 2011-06-07 2011-10-26 江苏六甲高分子材料有限公司 一种高强聚乙烯纤维的制造方法及其专用装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA83849B (en) * 1982-02-22 1984-02-29 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Process for the production of high strength polyester yarn
DE19631879C2 (de) * 1996-08-07 2000-03-30 Brown John Deutsche Eng Gmbh Verfahren und Spinnvorrichtung zum Herstellen von Kunststoffäden aus Polymeren im Wege des Schmelzspinnens

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1202766A (en) * 1914-07-10 1916-10-31 Charles Scott Althouse Apparatus for making threads.
US1683478A (en) * 1926-06-30 1928-09-04 Samuel A Neidich Viscose-treating apparatus
US2161354A (en) * 1936-06-26 1939-06-06 Eastman Kodak Co Method for lubrication of artificial silk
US2296202A (en) * 1940-03-19 1942-09-15 Du Pont Process of making artificial wool
US2318679A (en) * 1940-08-05 1943-05-11 Celanese Corp Production of artificial filaments, films, and like materials
US2335922A (en) * 1940-04-17 1943-12-07 Celanese Corp Manufacture of artificial textile materials and the like
US2543027A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-02-27 Dow Chemical Co Method of making crinkled fibers
US2542973A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-02-27 Dow Chemical Co Method of making crinkled fibers
US2953428A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-09-20 Union Carbide Corp Production of polychlorotrifluoroethylene textiles
US3040377A (en) * 1959-08-12 1962-06-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming continuous filaments
US3053611A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-09-11 Inventa Ag Process for spinning of synthetic fibers
US3215486A (en) * 1962-04-17 1965-11-02 Toyo Spinning Co Ltd Fixation of polypropylene fibers impregnated with dyestuffs and other treating agents
US3296352A (en) * 1961-07-28 1967-01-03 Ici Ltd Tubular film manufacture
US3361859A (en) * 1960-04-29 1968-01-02 Du Pont Melt-spinning process
US3448185A (en) * 1967-03-28 1969-06-03 Monsanto Co Melt-spinning of filaments

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1202766A (en) * 1914-07-10 1916-10-31 Charles Scott Althouse Apparatus for making threads.
US1683478A (en) * 1926-06-30 1928-09-04 Samuel A Neidich Viscose-treating apparatus
US2161354A (en) * 1936-06-26 1939-06-06 Eastman Kodak Co Method for lubrication of artificial silk
US2296202A (en) * 1940-03-19 1942-09-15 Du Pont Process of making artificial wool
US2335922A (en) * 1940-04-17 1943-12-07 Celanese Corp Manufacture of artificial textile materials and the like
US2318679A (en) * 1940-08-05 1943-05-11 Celanese Corp Production of artificial filaments, films, and like materials
US2543027A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-02-27 Dow Chemical Co Method of making crinkled fibers
US2542973A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-02-27 Dow Chemical Co Method of making crinkled fibers
US2953428A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-09-20 Union Carbide Corp Production of polychlorotrifluoroethylene textiles
US3053611A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-09-11 Inventa Ag Process for spinning of synthetic fibers
US3040377A (en) * 1959-08-12 1962-06-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming continuous filaments
US3361859A (en) * 1960-04-29 1968-01-02 Du Pont Melt-spinning process
US3296352A (en) * 1961-07-28 1967-01-03 Ici Ltd Tubular film manufacture
US3215486A (en) * 1962-04-17 1965-11-02 Toyo Spinning Co Ltd Fixation of polypropylene fibers impregnated with dyestuffs and other treating agents
US3448185A (en) * 1967-03-28 1969-06-03 Monsanto Co Melt-spinning of filaments

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4600375A (en) * 1983-04-18 1986-07-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Injection apparatus including means for feeding solid resin to an injection means and radiant heating means to melt the resin
US5639484A (en) * 1993-05-24 1997-06-17 Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Limited Spinning cell
US5939000A (en) * 1993-05-24 1999-08-17 Acordis Fibres (Holdings) Limited Process of making cellulose filaments
US5951932A (en) * 1993-05-24 1999-09-14 Acordis Fibres (Holdings) Limited Process of making cellulose filaments
US5785997A (en) * 1993-10-22 1998-07-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process for melt-spinning monofilaments
US5700490A (en) * 1994-09-30 1997-12-23 Barmag Ag Apparatus and method for the thermal treatment of fibers
CN102226300A (zh) * 2011-06-07 2011-10-26 江苏六甲高分子材料有限公司 一种高强聚乙烯纤维的制造方法及其专用装置
CN102226300B (zh) * 2011-06-07 2012-08-08 江苏六甲高分子材料有限公司 一种高强聚乙烯纤维的制造方法及其专用装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1111649A (en) 1968-05-01
FR1486022A (fr) 1967-06-23
BE683647A (es) 1966-12-16
DE1660308A1 (de) 1972-03-23

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