US3478741A - Toothbrush for producing electrical potentials - Google Patents

Toothbrush for producing electrical potentials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3478741A
US3478741A US627056A US3478741DA US3478741A US 3478741 A US3478741 A US 3478741A US 627056 A US627056 A US 627056A US 3478741D A US3478741D A US 3478741DA US 3478741 A US3478741 A US 3478741A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
brush
electrode
toothbrush
shank
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US627056A
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English (en)
Inventor
George G Simor
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ION CO
Original Assignee
ION CO
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ION CO filed Critical ION CO
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3478741A publication Critical patent/US3478741A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
    • A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
    • A46B15/0016—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means
    • A46B15/0022—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means with an electrical means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
    • A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
    • A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to toothbrushes having means for providing an electrical potential.
  • Topical application of fluorine loses much of its effectiveness, however, because of an inherent diificulty in depositing the fluoride ions on the surface of the tooth. This is because teeth have a small negative electrical charge, while fluoride ions also are negative, being the most negative of any on the periodic chart. Consequently, the like charges repel so that the fluoride ions are held away from the teeth and become washed from the mouth without adequately being applied to the surface of the teeth.
  • the present invention provides an improved fluoridating toothbrush in which the positive electrode is exposed along the backside of the shank of the brush op: posite from the bristles. This causes it to be engaged by the inner surface of the cheek and also by the lips of the person when using the toothbrush. Consequently, the current need flow only a very short distance from the mouth to the tooth, so that a low-resistance path is provided. Good contact is made between the electrode and soft tissue of the cheek and lips in a wet environment. The performance of the brush in providing an adequate electrical potential in the tooth is enhanced considerably in this manner.
  • the brush is of molded plastic construction, with the electrodes being secured to the brush as the molding takes place.
  • the electrodes first are mounted in a plastic insert, a portion of which forms a barrier within the mold cavity, allowing the electrode ends to project outwardly away from the plastic for later association with a battery in the completed toothbrush.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved arrangement for providing the teeth with an electrical charge.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a toothbrush for providing the teeth with an electrical potential in which a short low-resistance path for the flow of current is provided from the source of electrical energy to the surface of the tooth.
  • a further object of this invention isto provide a toothbrush to create an electrical potential in which the positive electrode is engaged by the mouth of the user rather than only by the hand.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a toothbrush constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the toothbrush of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken along line 33 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken along line 44 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is a top plan view of the toothbrush of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 6 is a bottom plan view of the toothbrush
  • FIGURE 7 is an enlarged sectional view, partially in elevation, showing the toothbrush in use, with the positive electrode engaging the inner surface of the cheek;
  • FIGURE 8 is an exploded perspective view of the insert and electrodes prior to the molding of the complete shank of the brush
  • FIGURE 9 is a side elevational view of the insert with the electrodes associated with it;
  • FIGURE 10 is a bottom plan view of the arrangement of FIGURE 9;
  • FIGURE 11 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 1111 of FIGURE 9, with the surrounding portions of mold added, illustrating how the insert and electrodes form the barrier at one end of the mold;
  • FIGURE 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the brush modified for use as an electrically operated toothbrush.
  • the toothbrush 10 of this invention has a generally conventional overall configuration, including a handle 11 from which projects a shank 12 that at its outer end carries bristles 13. Additionally, however, the brush includes a positive electrode 14 extending forwardly from the handle along the backside of the shank 12 to a position opposite the bristles 13. On the other side of the shank at the base of the bristles is a negative electrode 15. Normally, the two electrodes are made of stainless steel.
  • the body of the brush 10 is made of plastic, with the electrodes 14 and 15 being secured to it at the time the brush is molded.
  • the negative electrode 15 includes a portion 16 that is exposed at the base of the bristles 13, but otherwise is buried within the plastic, extending longitudinally of the shank 12 to the handle 11.
  • the positive electrode 14, on the other hand, is exposed along the length of the brush between the handle 11 and the en of the shank 12.
  • Te shank 12 of the brush increases in cross-sectional dimension between a narrower section 17 adjacent the bristles 13 and a larger portion 18 next to the handle 11.
  • a short inclined section 19 of the plastic material of the brush extending over a similarly sloping portion 20 of the positive electrode 14 and confining it. The purpose of this is to allow the brush handle to flex while the brush is in use.
  • the offset portion 20 of the electrode 14 provides sufiicient length to permit adequate bending of the shank.
  • a cavity 21 that receives a battery 22, which is confined in place by the wall 29 of the handle 11 when the handle is threaded onto the end of the shank of the brush.
  • the ends of the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15 enter the cavity 21 to engage the battery 22.
  • the end 23 of the negative electrode 15 is bent so that it extends transversely of the brush and engages the negative pole 24 of the battery.
  • the end 25 of the positive electrode 14 is curved and bears against the circumference 26 of the battery 22, which forms the positive terminal of the battery. Consequently, the electrodes are shaped to provide leaf springs at their ends which bear against the battery 22 to receive opposite electrical charges.
  • the handle 11 includes a radial shoulder 27 that engages a similar shoulder 28 on the shank at the end of the threaded portion when the unit is assembled. This seals the battery 22 within the handle 11 of the brush so that moisture will never enter the cavity 21 to cause damage.
  • a fluoride dentifrice is applied to the bristles 13.
  • the dentifrice forms a solution containing negative fluoride ions.
  • This solution is in contact with the exposed portion 16 of the negative electrode 15 at the base of the bristles.
  • the brush is inserted into the mouth to engage the teeth 30, the backside of the shank of the brush naturally is brought into contact with the inner surface 31 of the cheek (see FIGURE 7). This distends the cheek outwardly slightly so that the inner surface 31 is brought firmly to bear against the outer surface of the positive electrode 14. As a result, an electrical circuit is completed to the surface 31 of the cheek.
  • the long exposed surface of the positive electrode 14 means that it also will engage the lips to provide an additional path for current flow to the teeth. Moreover, if the user engages the positive electrode 14 by his fingers adjacent the handle 11 in use of the brush, still another path for the current is provided. While this is of greater resistance than that of the cheek to the teeth, it serves to augment the flow of current.
  • the toothbrush 10 of this invention preferably is manufactured by injection molding for economical production on a volume basis.
  • the molding process is complicated, however, by the necessity for having the ends 23 and 25 of the electrodes 15 and 14 extend into the cavity 21 for engagement with the battery, while they are fully or partially embedded within the plastic for the remaining portions of their lengths.
  • the electrodes 14 and 15 first are associated with an insert 32, as seen in FIGURES 8-1 1.
  • the insert 32 is made of plastic of the same type as used for the other parts of the brush later molded around it. It includes an elongated portion 33 having a flat lower surface 34 provided with a plurality of opposed pairs of short projections 35.
  • the fiat strip 15 forming the negative electrode of the brush is snapped between the projections 35, which hold it temporarily in place adjacent the undersurface 34.
  • the portion 16 is perforated to allow the bristles 13 to extend through it.
  • the positive electode 14 is in the form of a U-shaped channel which fits down over upwardly projecting enlargements 37 on the top of the insert section 33.
  • the electrode 14 is dimensioned to wedge tightly onto the insert, while the small protuberance 38 fits into the opening 39 in the electrode 14 to position it longitudinally.
  • a short cylindrical element 40 having a radial wall 41 adjacent the longitudinal section 33 of the insert.
  • the cylindrical end portion is provided with a pair of opposed longitudinally extending recesses 42 and 43 which extend into an open end portion that defines the cavity 21 when the brush is assembled.
  • the radial wall 41 and the electrodes 14 and 15, passing through the slots 42 and 43 provide the closure for one end of the mold cavity.
  • FIGURE 11 where the mold 44 may be seen fitting closely around the periphery of the cylindrical section 40 of the insert 32.
  • the mold 44 has projections 45 and 46 that fit into the outer portions of the slots 42 and 43 and bear against the electrodes 14 and 15 at those locations.
  • the plastic then is injected into the mold to form the remaining portions of the shank 12 of the brush.
  • the insert 32 becomes a part of the brush as the additional plastic is formed around it.
  • the electrodes are secured in place.
  • the openings 47 in the side flanges of the U-shaped positive electrode 14 allow the plastic to flow through, so that a mechanical attachment of the electrode to the shank is formed.
  • the electrodes have ends 23 and 25 projecting into the cavity 21 for proper engagement with the battery.
  • the brush of this invention is readily adapted for use with an electric toothbrush as well as one which is handheld.
  • a brush of the former type is shown in FIGURE 12.
  • the brush 49 is essentially the same as that described above, insofar as the shank arrangement is concerned.
  • An adapter 53 connects to the cavity portion 54 where the ends of the electrodes and the battery 55 are located.
  • a receptacle 56 in the adapter 53 receives the end of the electric toothbrush which provides the oscillatory movement.
  • the device can be used with an electric toothbrush where the handle (not shown) is of a dielectric material.
  • the oscillating brush 49 is not held or restricted by the hand.
  • This type of toothbrush is not flexed as greatly as a hand-held brush, and, hence, the short section of the positive electrode at an angle and confined by the plastic of the shank, as at the offset section of the electrode 14, normally is not provided.
  • a brush for imparting an electrical potential to the teeth comprising a handle means,
  • bristle means projecting from the distal end portion of said shank
  • a brush for imparting an electrical potential to the teeth comprising a member one end portion of which is adapted to receive an actuating force
  • bristle means projecting from one side of the opposite end of said member
  • a device as recited in claim 2 in which said first electrode is positioned at the base of said bristle means and is substantially coextensive with said bristle means, and
  • said second electrode extends a substantial portion of the length of said member and for a greater distance than the extent of said first electrode.
  • said offset portion extending beneath the outer surface of said member, and permitting fiexure of said member during use of said brush.
  • a device as recited in claim 2 in which said second electrode includes a central portion and a flange portion along either side of said central portion,
  • said second electrode is substantially U-shaped in cross section
  • said member having portions extending through said aperture means for holding said second electrode to said member.
  • a toothbrush for imparting an electrical potential to the teeth comprising means defining a cavity therein,
  • a first electrode means carried by said shank and communicating with the exterior of said shank on the surface thereof adjacent said bristles,
  • a second electrode means carried by said shank and communicating with the exterior of said shank at said distal end on the side thereof remote from said bristles,
  • said second electrode means is elongated and extends a substantial distance along said shank in communication with the exterior thereof from said distal end toward said means defining a cavity
  • said distance being greater than the extent of said first electrode means.
  • said second electrode means includes a relatively short transversely ofi'set portion interiorly of said shank intermediate the ends of said second electrode means for permitting flexure of said shank during use of said brush.

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US627056A 1967-03-30 1967-03-30 Toothbrush for producing electrical potentials Expired - Lifetime US3478741A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62705667A 1967-03-30 1967-03-30

Publications (1)

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US3478741A true US3478741A (en) 1969-11-18

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US627056A Expired - Lifetime US3478741A (en) 1967-03-30 1967-03-30 Toothbrush for producing electrical potentials

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3478741A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH466215A (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR1558852A (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1162453A (OSRAM)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3307203A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-09-13 Shiken Ltd Geraet fuer die zahnhygiene
US4526570A (en) * 1982-10-25 1985-07-02 Shiken, Ltd. Dental hygienic device
US4632135A (en) * 1984-01-17 1986-12-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Hair-grooming means
US4665921A (en) * 1984-05-28 1987-05-19 Teranishi Electric Works, Ltd. High potential generating toothbrush
US4726806A (en) * 1984-08-14 1988-02-23 Hiroshi Hukuba Electric tooth-brush
EP0357852A1 (en) * 1987-03-09 1990-03-14 Ling Wang Devices for curing or alleviating oral cavity diseases
USD308765S (en) 1988-01-28 1990-06-26 Johnson Larry K Toothbrush
US5115533A (en) * 1989-09-12 1992-05-26 Hiroshi Hukuba Toothbrush with voltage tester
US5133102A (en) * 1989-01-31 1992-07-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Sangi Electronic toothbrush
US5372501A (en) * 1989-02-20 1994-12-13 Solar Wide Industrial Ltd. Dental aid
US5921251A (en) * 1997-08-07 1999-07-13 Ceramatec, Inc. Brush that delivers beneficial agents
US20030054321A1 (en) * 2000-08-24 2003-03-20 Moran Francis Xavier Electrolytic method and device
US20040030254A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-12 Eilaz Babaev Device and method for ultrasound wound debridement
US20040091834A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 2004-05-13 Rizoiu Ioana M. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
DE102004040045B3 (de) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-09 Carl Zeiss Ag Gerät zur zahnmedizinischen Behandlung
US20060070195A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Lion Corporation Oral cavity cleaning tool
WO2006104463A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 L. D. Waxson (S) Pte Ltd Toothbrush
US20060281042A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-14 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20070009856A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2007-01-11 Biolase Technology, Inc. Device having activated textured surfaces for treating oral tissue
WO2007047568A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-04-26 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device with an electrical potential
US20080120796A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-05-29 Shy-Ming Shih Toothbrush with an electric circuit
US20090087813A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Bio-activated oral care instrument
US20100167228A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 2010-07-01 Rizoiu Ioana M Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20180368565A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral Care Implement
US11105005B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2021-08-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Product container with electrochemistry device
US20210267344A1 (en) * 2020-02-28 2021-09-02 L'oreal Device for electrostatically charging the scalp or hair to attract formulations
US20210353046A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2021-11-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral Care Implement
US11456491B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2022-09-27 Thales Dis France Sas Method for manufacturing electronic object comprising a body and a porous-membrane-comprising battery

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2491309A1 (fr) * 1980-10-07 1982-04-09 Siahou Joseph Brosse a dents ionisante pour utilisation de dentifrices contenant des sels fluores solubles dans l'eau
CA1251610A (en) * 1984-08-14 1989-03-28 Hiroshi Hukuba Electric tooth-brush
JPH01178256A (ja) * 1988-01-05 1989-07-14 Hideo Suyama 電子歯ブラシ
EP0685183A3 (en) * 1994-05-02 1997-07-23 Hiroshi Hukuba Toothbrush.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1374414A (en) * 1919-07-25 1921-04-12 Weiss Henry Electromedical brush
US2834344A (en) * 1954-07-22 1958-05-13 Lion Brush K K Device for penetrating teeth with fluoride

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1374414A (en) * 1919-07-25 1921-04-12 Weiss Henry Electromedical brush
US2834344A (en) * 1954-07-22 1958-05-13 Lion Brush K K Device for penetrating teeth with fluoride

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4526570A (en) * 1982-10-25 1985-07-02 Shiken, Ltd. Dental hygienic device
DE3307203A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-09-13 Shiken Ltd Geraet fuer die zahnhygiene
US4632135A (en) * 1984-01-17 1986-12-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Hair-grooming means
US4665921A (en) * 1984-05-28 1987-05-19 Teranishi Electric Works, Ltd. High potential generating toothbrush
US4726806A (en) * 1984-08-14 1988-02-23 Hiroshi Hukuba Electric tooth-brush
US4969868A (en) * 1987-03-09 1990-11-13 Ling Wang Microelectric ionized device for curing oral cavity diseases
EP0357852A1 (en) * 1987-03-09 1990-03-14 Ling Wang Devices for curing or alleviating oral cavity diseases
USD308765S (en) 1988-01-28 1990-06-26 Johnson Larry K Toothbrush
US5133102A (en) * 1989-01-31 1992-07-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Sangi Electronic toothbrush
US5372501A (en) * 1989-02-20 1994-12-13 Solar Wide Industrial Ltd. Dental aid
US5115533A (en) * 1989-09-12 1992-05-26 Hiroshi Hukuba Toothbrush with voltage tester
US20070298369A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 2007-12-27 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20040091834A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 2004-05-13 Rizoiu Ioana M. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US7261558B2 (en) 1997-06-20 2007-08-28 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20100167228A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 2010-07-01 Rizoiu Ioana M Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US6135126A (en) * 1997-08-07 2000-10-24 Microlin, L.C. Brush that delivers beneficial agents
US5921251A (en) * 1997-08-07 1999-07-13 Ceramatec, Inc. Brush that delivers beneficial agents
US20030054321A1 (en) * 2000-08-24 2003-03-20 Moran Francis Xavier Electrolytic method and device
US20100151407A1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2010-06-17 Rizoiu Ioana M Device having activated textured surfaces for treating oral tissue
US20040030254A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-12 Eilaz Babaev Device and method for ultrasound wound debridement
US20080306501A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2008-12-11 Celleration, Inc. Device and method for ultrasound wound debridement
DE102004040045B3 (de) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-09 Carl Zeiss Ag Gerät zur zahnmedizinischen Behandlung
US20060070195A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Lion Corporation Oral cavity cleaning tool
US7886398B2 (en) * 2004-10-05 2011-02-15 Lion Corporation Oral cavity cleaning tool
WO2006104463A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 L. D. Waxson (S) Pte Ltd Toothbrush
US7467946B2 (en) 2005-05-18 2008-12-23 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20060281042A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-14 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20090056044A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2009-03-05 Rizoiu Ioana M Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US20110200959A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2011-08-18 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US7942667B2 (en) 2005-05-18 2011-05-17 Biolase Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system
US8241035B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2012-08-14 Biolase, Inc. Device having activated textured surfaces for treating oral tissue
US20070009856A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2007-01-11 Biolase Technology, Inc. Device having activated textured surfaces for treating oral tissue
US9445878B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-09-20 Colgate-Palmolive Company Generating a chemical agent in situ
US8708700B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2014-04-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Generating a chemical agent in situ
US10660736B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2020-05-26 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device
WO2007047568A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-04-26 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device with an electrical potential
US10307235B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2019-06-04 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device
EP2604145A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2013-06-19 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device with an electrical potential
US8156602B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2012-04-17 Colgate-Palmolive Company Generating a chemical agent in situ
AU2011202437B2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2012-04-26 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care device with an electrical potential
US20070212665A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-09-13 Jimenez Eduardo J Generating a chemical agent in situ
US7857620B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2010-12-28 Shy-Ming Shih Toothbrush with an electric circuit
US20080120796A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-05-29 Shy-Ming Shih Toothbrush with an electric circuit
US20110056032A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2011-03-10 Shy-Ming Shih Toothbrush With An Electric Circuit
US8413282B2 (en) 2007-10-02 2013-04-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Bio-activated oral care instrument
US20090087813A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Bio-activated oral care instrument
US7975341B2 (en) 2007-10-02 2011-07-12 Colgate-Palmolive Company Bio-activated oral care instrument
US11105005B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2021-08-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Product container with electrochemistry device
US11456491B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2022-09-27 Thales Dis France Sas Method for manufacturing electronic object comprising a body and a porous-membrane-comprising battery
US20180368565A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral Care Implement
US10561232B2 (en) * 2017-06-27 2020-02-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care implement
US20210353046A1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2021-11-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral Care Implement
US20210267344A1 (en) * 2020-02-28 2021-09-02 L'oreal Device for electrostatically charging the scalp or hair to attract formulations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1764085A1 (de) 1971-04-29
FR1558852A (OSRAM) 1969-02-28
GB1162453A (en) 1969-08-27
CH466215A (de) 1968-12-15
DE1764085B2 (de) 1977-01-20

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