US3473273A - Pre-assembled,sub-enclosure,building section - Google Patents

Pre-assembled,sub-enclosure,building section Download PDF

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Publication number
US3473273A
US3473273A US470815A US3473273DA US3473273A US 3473273 A US3473273 A US 3473273A US 470815 A US470815 A US 470815A US 3473273D A US3473273D A US 3473273DA US 3473273 A US3473273 A US 3473273A
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United States
Prior art keywords
members
rods
clearance
panel member
panel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US470815A
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English (en)
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Dietrich Gunkel
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/2612—Joist hangers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34861—Elements not integrated in a skeleton particular arrangement of habitable rooms or their component parts; modular co-ordination

Definitions

  • a structural unit for a transportable room element comprises a floor panel member, two end members disposed at opposite ends of the iioor panel member, and rigid joints connecting the end members to the oor panel member at locations spaced widthwise of the iioor panel member.
  • Each joint is composed of a projecting element, such as one or more reinforcing rods, extending from one of the members into a clearance hole in the other member, a setting adhesive filling occupying the clearance space between and forming a bond with both the element and the walls of the hole.
  • the adhesive filling also occupies any gap between the faces of the members at the joint.
  • This invention concerns a joint between two members, primarily structural members such for example as structural components of buildings or of prefabricated units for assembly into buildings and a method of making such joints.
  • transportable room element is employed herein to define a transportable cell-like structure having two opposed sides and two opposed ends, a floor a roof or ceiling, and load-bearing end-wall-forming members, forming or adapted to support an end wall, rigidly connected to the oor at each said ends, which room element is adapted to be mounted, at one or each of its sides, sideby-side with a further such room element in building up a one storey building or a storey of a plural-storey building from a succession of such elements;
  • the expression end-wall-forming members includes a complete end wall and also includes vertical loading-bearing pillars or columns adapted to have fill-in panelling applied to, or formed integrally with them.
  • rIhe expression fill-in panelling includes a wall, and a door or window.
  • Such room elements form the subject of British patent applications Nos. 31,161/61 and 14,137/62 (cognate); No. 3,197/62; No. 3,200/62; No. 26,234/63; Nos. 3,020/63 and 39,914/63 (cognate); and No. 44,293/63, to which reference may be made as disclosing constructions to which this invention is applicable.
  • Said building units are best built up from initially separate components (eg. the end walls, floor and in some instances the roof or ceiling also) permanently connected together. They are of substantial size and difficulties therefore arise in manufacturing them to close dimensional and angular tolerances, particularly if the components are precast concrete components.
  • the present invention provides a joint between two members comprising at least one projecting element on one member received in a clearance hole in the other member and an adhesive filling, primarily one consisting of a mixture of an aggregate in a matrix of a setting adhesive, occupying the clearance between each said element and the peripheral surface of its hole and having a bond with said element and surface.
  • adhesive filling includes a quick setting cement; by a setting adhesive is meant a substance capable of setting or hardening from a soft or pasty state and, which when so set or hardened, forms a permanent bond with said surfaces.
  • the invention also provides a method of joining two members in a predetermined spatial relation one of lwhich members has at least one projecting element and the other has a clearance hole for receiving each said projecting element, which consists in effecting relative movement between the two members and thereby inserting each said projecting element into its clearance hole and bringing the two members into their predetermined relation, and permanently fixing them in that relation by an adhesive filling, primarily one consisting of a mixture of an aggregate in a matrix of a setting adhesive, introduced into said hole to occupy the clearance between, and to bond with, the peripheral surface of each said hole and the projecting element received therein.
  • an adhesive filling primarily one consisting of a mixture of an aggregate in a matrix of a setting adhesive
  • the two members have adjacent faces spaced apart by a small gap also containing said adhesive filling, ywhich faces are bonded together by said filling.
  • This gap is useful in permitting the members to be brought to the predetermined spatial relation such, for example, as angular relation between them and a relation ensuring that the finished article has the desired dimensions.
  • the setting adhesive is conveniently an epoxy resin, such as that made and sold under the name Aderit Special by Firma Meynadier. To form a quick setting cement this resin is mixed with quartz sand as an aggregate, substantially in the proportion of one to one by weight.
  • the present invention is particularly applicable when the members are made of concrete, primarily reinforced concrete.
  • the projecting elements may be made of metal.
  • the hole may be constituted by the bore of a metal tube embedded in the said other member.
  • the surface of said element and the peripheral surface of the hole are desirably such as to provide, at least in part, a mechanical bond between them and the filling.
  • the adhesive is introduced into the hole subsequent to the insertion of the projecting element-for example by injecting it into the clearance while in its soft or pasty state by the use of a suitable pressure gun.
  • the invention is applicable to structural members of a building or other civil engineering structure.
  • members connected to occupy transverse planes as in the case of a iioor panel and an end-wall-f'orming member
  • the members should be connected, at each of a plurality of locations spaced apart in the width-wise direction of these members, by at least two joints according to this invention spaced apart in a direction transverse to said width-wise direction.
  • the invention provides a structural unit in or for a transportable room element, comprising three initially-separate members, viz a floor panel member and two end-wallforming members rigidly connected to the panel member one at each of two opposite ends of the latter, wherein the fioor panel member is connected to each end-wallforming member at locations spaced apart width-wise of the panel member by a plurality of joints which are spaced apart transversely to the width of the panel member, each of which joints comprises a projecting element in one of the two members which is received in a clearance hole in the other of the two members, and an adhesive filling, primarily one consisting of an aggregate in a matrix of a setting adhesive, occupying the clearance between said element and the peripheral surface of its hole and having a bond with said element and surface.
  • the projecting elements are preferably provided in the panel member, and although it is within the scope of this invention to dispose the end-wall-forming members on top of the panel member so that underneath surfaces of the end-wall-forming members are presented to the upper surface of the panel member (in which case the elements are preferably provided on the end-wall-forming members and project downwards into the clearance holes which are formed in the panel member), yet in the preferred construction of structural unit the panel member is disposed between the end-wall-forming members with its end faces presented to the inner faces of the end-wallforming members, the projecting elements project from said end faces of the panel, and the clearance holes in which said elements are received are formed in the endwall-forming members.
  • FIGURE 1 is the sectional view showing the joint between two structural members at, for example, the corner of a room element
  • FIGURE 2 is a section taken on the line A-A in FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a section taken on the line B-B in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the two components prior to their being brought together
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a joint suitable for use in a structural unit for a transportable room element while;
  • FIGURE i6 is an exploded view of a structural unit incorporating joints according to this invention.
  • the components 1 and 2 may be respectively the fioor plate or panel and an upright of an end frame (i.e. an end-wall-forming member) of the wall of a transportable room element and particularly the floor and end frame of a building unit according to patent applications Nos. 3,020/63 and 39,914/63.
  • FIG. 6 showsV a structural unit, for a transportable room element, comprising three initially-separate members, viz the floor panel 1 and two end-wall-forming members 2 rigidly connected to the panel one at each of two opposite ends of the latter, each member 2 consisting of two uprights 2 connected at the top by a cross member 2a.
  • the components 1 and 2 (or 2') are desirably made of reinforced concrete and may, if necessary, be prestressed.
  • the oor component 2 contains (at each of two locations spaced width-wise of said component) two rods 3 and 4, the ends of which project at opposite end faces of the component. These projecting ends constitute the projecting elements aforesaid.
  • one of the two rods will be under tension, and the other under compression, depending on the wind direction, or on the direction in which any other force acts upon the building.
  • the rod 3 will be under tension.
  • the component 2 is provided with two clearance holes 11 for receiving the protruding ends of the rods 3 and 4 and the clearance between the peripheries of these protruding ends when received in the holes and the peripheral surfaces of the holes is filled with an adhesive filling (or quick setting cement) 6 consisting of a mixture of an aggregate (such as quartz sand) in a matrix of a setting adhesive (such for example, as an epoxy resin).
  • an adhesive filling (or quick setting cement) 6 consisting of a mixture of an aggregate (such as quartz sand) in a matrix of a setting adhesive (such for example, as an epoxy resin).
  • Other quick setting cements may be employed, particularly those having good fire-resistant or heat-resistant properties.
  • the surfaces of the holes are suitably shaped or roughened so as to assist in such a bond, and in particular so as to produce, at least in part, a mechanical bond.
  • the holes are shown as being provided with a groove or grooves into which the cement may key.
  • the holes may be stepped or tapered.
  • the protruding ends of the rods are likewise formed to facilitate the bond.
  • the rods may be of square cross-sectional shape but may be twisted.
  • the holes may be formed by metal tubes cast into the member 2.
  • the gap is filled with the adhesive filling as indicated at 5.
  • the adhesive filling may be sandwiched between two metal plates 7 and 8 which are welded to the reinforcement rods 9 and 10 of the two components. If such plates are provided their adjacent surfaces are preferably slightly corrugated or roughened so as to provide a better key with the adhesive filling.
  • Each rod should be cemented into its hole over a length corresponding to about twelve times its approximate diameter.
  • the minimum thickness of the annular layer of' adhesive filling surrounding each protruding rod and of the layer 5 is preferably about 3 mm.
  • each of the projecting ele ments 3, 4 consists of two rods respectively numbered 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b.
  • Rods 3a, 3b are arranged side'by-side while rods 4a, 4b are arranged one above the other, but this is a matter of convenience.
  • the clearance holes 11 are provided by the uted bores of tubular metal liners 12 cast into the member 2.
  • the dimensions may be as follows:
  • the floor panel l is connected to each end-wall-forming member 2 at a plurality of locations spaced apart width-wise of the panel by a plurality of joints according to this invention which are themselves spaced apart transversely to the width of the panel member 2'.
  • the floor panel 1 is disposed between members 2 with its end faces (from which elements 3, 4, protrude) presented to the inner faces of members 2', at each location the two joints are spaced apart height-wise of members 1 and 2.
  • the arrangement is preferably such that the underneath surfaces of members 2' protrude below the underneath surface of member 1.
  • the vertical spacing between the centres of projecting rods 3, 4 is determined by the vertical depth of the floor panel 1 and can vary between x-lO cm. and 1/22c, where x is the vertical depth of the door panel.
  • the horizontal spacing between the protruding rods should be as great as is practicable; it chiefly depends upon the design of the floor panel 1 and of the lower ends of uprights 2 and may vary between y-l6 cm. and 2/3y, where y is the width of the panel. It is, of course, desirable that the protruding rods 3, 4 shall be substantially aligned with the vertical centre lines of the uprights 2.
  • a structural unit for a transportable room element comprising a floor panel member, two end members disposed at opposite ends of the oor panel member with the end faces of the iioor panel member being presented to the inner faces of the end members and the said faces of the members being spaced apart to form a gap between them, rigid joints connecting the end members to the floor panel member at locations spaced-apart Widthwise of the door panel, each joint including a projecting element on one of the members, a clearance hole in the other of the members, and a setting adhesive filling occupying the clearance between and forming a connection between the projecting elements and the peripheral surface of the hole, and an adhesive filling material occupying the gap between the said faces of the members and forming a bond with them to supplement the rigid joint in securing the oor panel member and end members together to form a load-carrying unitary structure and affording precise relative location of the members at predetermined dimensions and angular relationships.
  • a structural unit according to claim 1 wherein there are at least two joints between the iloor panel and each end member at each of the said widthwise spaced-apart locations, the two joints being spaced from each other and lying in a common generally vertical plane.
  • each of the said two joints is spaced at least five centimeters from the nearer surface of the floor panel.
  • a structural unit according to claim 4 wherein the said end face of the floor panel member is formed in the region surrounding each pair of joints with a lower undercut portion and the opposed face of each end member is formed with a companion projection received in the undercut, whereby the projection on the end members provides vertical bearing support for the iloor panel member.
  • a structural unit for a transportable room element comprising a reinforced concrete oor panel member, two reinforced concrete end members disposed at opposite ends of the iloor panel member with the floor panel member being disposed between the end members with its end faces presented to the lower ends of the inner faces of the end members, and two pairs of rigid joints connecting each end member to the oor panel member, the two pairs of joints at each respective end member being spaced-apart transversely of the floor panel member, the joints of each pair being spaced-apart from each other and disposed one over the other in a generally Vertical plane, and each joint including a reinforcing rod projecting from one of the members, a clearance hole in the other of the members, the rod and hole being aligned axially substantially perpendicular to the major planes of the end members, and a setting adhesive filling occupying the clearance between and forming a bond with both the reinforcing rod and the peripheral surface of the clearance hole.
  • a structural unit according to claim 10 wherein the opposed facing surfaces of each end member and of the lioor panel member are spaced apart, and wherein the setting adhesive filling occupies the gap between the said faces and bonds them together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
US470815A 1964-07-11 1965-07-09 Pre-assembled,sub-enclosure,building section Expired - Lifetime US3473273A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB28736/64A GB1101597A (en) 1964-07-11 1964-07-11 Improvements in and relating to prefabricated buildings

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3473273A true US3473273A (en) 1969-10-21

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US470815A Expired - Lifetime US3473273A (en) 1964-07-11 1965-07-09 Pre-assembled,sub-enclosure,building section

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US (1) US3473273A (da)
JP (1) JPS4944492B1 (da)
AT (1) AT279122B (da)
CH (1) CH461746A (da)
DK (1) DK131007B (da)
ES (1) ES315084A1 (da)
FI (1) FI47004C (da)
FR (1) FR1453917A (da)
GB (1) GB1101597A (da)
LU (1) LU49052A1 (da)
NL (1) NL140311B (da)
SE (1) SE319886B (da)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3594971A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-07-27 John K Hughes Building construction and components thereof
US3694977A (en) * 1970-09-01 1972-10-03 Marvin Verman Modular row housing
US3702523A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-11-14 Schokbeton Products Corp Column connector
US3762122A (en) * 1970-01-17 1973-10-02 Elcon Ag Prefabricated buildings
US3782057A (en) * 1971-07-12 1974-01-01 R Gross Decking structure with guard rail support
US3898777A (en) * 1970-05-08 1975-08-12 Tancho D Georgiev Dome and vault construction
US3999394A (en) * 1976-03-29 1976-12-28 Eberhardt William H Precast ribbed arch subway structure and method
US4320607A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-03-23 Eubank Marcus P Combination floor, jack and trailer assemblies
US4485602A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-12-04 Trendway Corporation Wall panel positive alignment device
US4942709A (en) * 1987-12-07 1990-07-24 Waldron Michael P Display panels and connector system therefor
US5195282A (en) * 1990-01-29 1993-03-23 Campbell E Logan Low cost-modular element housing
US6243994B1 (en) 1999-01-11 2001-06-12 Bebo Of America, Inc. Joint for pre-cast concrete twin-leaf arch sections
US20060162102A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Guy Nelson Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
US20080060293A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-13 Hanlon John W Building system using modular precast concrete components
US20080168735A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-07-17 Clement Guevremont Building panel
WO2019186600A1 (en) * 2018-03-31 2019-10-03 Precast India Infrastructures Pvt. Ltd. Precast structural element and method for connecting the precast structural element to each other
US10895047B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2021-01-19 Valmont Industries, Inc. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge module
US20240084575A1 (en) * 2022-09-08 2024-03-14 Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Architectural fiducial structure and construction method using the same
US20240271411A1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2024-08-15 expo steel Gesellschaft für Planung und Ausführung mbH Modular building having a supporting structure which encloses an interior space

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1212934B (it) * 1983-10-24 1989-12-07 Tamburini Spa Elementi tridimensionali prefabbricati a quattro appoggi per la realizzazione delle strutture portanti verticali di un'orditura spaziale nelle costruzioni edilizie
FR3038195B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2018-08-31 Ulis Detection de pixels parasites dans un capteur d'image infrarouge
FR3038194B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2017-08-11 Ulis Correction de pixels parasites dans un capteur d'image infrarouge
EP4491821A3 (en) 2016-06-23 2025-02-26 Hickory Design Pty Ltd Methods and apparatus for constructing multi-storey buildings

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2413562A (en) * 1945-09-10 1946-12-31 William P Witherow Precast concrete members

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2413562A (en) * 1945-09-10 1946-12-31 William P Witherow Precast concrete members

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3594971A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-07-27 John K Hughes Building construction and components thereof
US3762122A (en) * 1970-01-17 1973-10-02 Elcon Ag Prefabricated buildings
US3898777A (en) * 1970-05-08 1975-08-12 Tancho D Georgiev Dome and vault construction
US3694977A (en) * 1970-09-01 1972-10-03 Marvin Verman Modular row housing
US3702523A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-11-14 Schokbeton Products Corp Column connector
US3782057A (en) * 1971-07-12 1974-01-01 R Gross Decking structure with guard rail support
US3999394A (en) * 1976-03-29 1976-12-28 Eberhardt William H Precast ribbed arch subway structure and method
US4320607A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-03-23 Eubank Marcus P Combination floor, jack and trailer assemblies
US4485602A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-12-04 Trendway Corporation Wall panel positive alignment device
US4942709A (en) * 1987-12-07 1990-07-24 Waldron Michael P Display panels and connector system therefor
US5195282A (en) * 1990-01-29 1993-03-23 Campbell E Logan Low cost-modular element housing
US6243994B1 (en) 1999-01-11 2001-06-12 Bebo Of America, Inc. Joint for pre-cast concrete twin-leaf arch sections
US20060162102A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Guy Nelson Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
US7600283B2 (en) * 2005-01-21 2009-10-13 Tricon Engineering Group, Ltd. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
US20080060293A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-13 Hanlon John W Building system using modular precast concrete components
US8011147B2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2011-09-06 Hanlon John W Building system using modular precast concrete components
US20080168735A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-07-17 Clement Guevremont Building panel
US7712270B2 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-05-11 Guevremont Clement Building panel
US10895047B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2021-01-19 Valmont Industries, Inc. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge module
US11149390B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2021-10-19 Valmont Industries, Inc. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge module
WO2019186600A1 (en) * 2018-03-31 2019-10-03 Precast India Infrastructures Pvt. Ltd. Precast structural element and method for connecting the precast structural element to each other
US20240271411A1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2024-08-15 expo steel Gesellschaft für Planung und Ausführung mbH Modular building having a supporting structure which encloses an interior space
US20240084575A1 (en) * 2022-09-08 2024-03-14 Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Architectural fiducial structure and construction method using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU49052A1 (da) 1965-09-13
NL140311B (nl) 1973-11-15
FR1453917A (fr) 1966-07-22
NL6508939A (da) 1966-01-12
GB1101597A (en) 1968-01-31
JPS4944492B1 (da) 1974-11-28
FI47004C (fi) 1973-08-10
DK131007C (da) 1975-10-13
CH461746A (de) 1968-08-31
ES315084A1 (es) 1966-11-01
SE319886B (da) 1970-01-26
FI47004B (da) 1973-05-02
DK131007B (da) 1975-05-12
AT279122B (de) 1970-02-25

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