US3468131A - Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution - Google Patents

Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution Download PDF

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Publication number
US3468131A
US3468131A US601392A US3468131DA US3468131A US 3468131 A US3468131 A US 3468131A US 601392 A US601392 A US 601392A US 3468131D A US3468131D A US 3468131DA US 3468131 A US3468131 A US 3468131A
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ground
subsoil
pile elements
procedures
execution
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US601392A
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Jacques Seidenberg
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
    • E02D27/14—Pile framings, i.e. piles assembled to form the substructure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure

Definitions

  • the procedure according to the invention consists of placing into the ground, in the vicinity and along the foundations of existing structures to be protected, a threedimensional network formed by resisting small sized piles distributed in various directions.
  • the individual pile elements may be preformed and either driven directly into the subsoil or placed within pre-bored holes.
  • the pile elements may be concrete cast in situ with care being taken to prevent spreading of concrete beyond the confines of a previously prepared bore hole.
  • the pattern and the number of piles contained in the network will depend upon the nature of the soil-formations, the size of the excavations, the distance of the nearby existing structures, their particular conditions and so on.
  • the network of piles functions to trap the ground enmeshed therein so as to create a subsurface soil-pile gravity or retaining wall between an excavation and the foundation of the structure to be protected. Presence of the subsurface retaining wall has been found to effectively prevent loosening of soil beneath the foundation of an existing aboveground structure which otherwise would be experienced due to the natural tendency of such subsoil to slide horizontally or downwardly toward the excavation.
  • the network of piles is created prior to starting an excavation or tunnelling operation.
  • the invention also has utility in preevnting further dete- States Patent 0 3,468,131 Patented Sept. 23, 1969 rioration of subsoil conditions adjacent existing excavations or to prevent landslides adjacent naturally occurring depressions or cavities in the ground.
  • FIG. 1 represents the vertical section of the three-dimensional network structure in close vicinity of the building to be protected and the future underground tunnel.
  • FIG. 2 represents the top view.
  • Ezexisting building N street level
  • P connecting beam
  • S three-dimensional network
  • FIG. 1 clearly shows that the construction of the underground tunnel T in close vicinity of the building E might have endangered its stability without the previous strengthening of the ground located between the building and the tunnel by means of the three-dimensional network S which, therefore, acts as a retaining wall with respect to the ground situated under the foundations of the building.
  • the small size piles a,a,b,b',c,c,d,d',e,e' will he usually placed into the ground either by percussion or rotary methods.
  • the rotary method will be applied using special drilling muds consisting of bentonite, clay, cements, etc. Any spread-out of water through the boreholes into the surrounding ground is thus practically avoided during either the drilling or the concreting.
  • special additives may be added to the drilling muds to increase their plugging efliciency.
  • a casing tube will be progressively driven into the borehole for its entire length, to avoid any caving-in.
  • the above said retaining structure can also be used for landslide protection.
  • the piles a,a,b,b',c,c',d,d',e,e' of the retaining structure S may also consist of precast concrete elements placed into the ground by percussion or into previously drilled boreholes.
  • Such operation may be completed by a partial or total grouting before, during or after the placing of the elements themselves.
  • the precast concrete elements may also be replaced by wooden, iron or other elements. While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to excavations, such as tunnels, occurring adjacent to an existing buildings, I wish to be not so limited. Accordingly, in the appended claims I have used the more generic term cavity to include not only exposed and subsurface excavations, such as tunnels, but naturally occurring holes in the ground.
  • a method of forming a laterally supporting retaining wall imbedded in a subsoil adapted to prevent loosening and lateral displacement of subsoil including the steps of: imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil, positioning said pile elements in a plurality of planes to form a three-dimensional network of pile elements, positioning at least some of the pile elements: of said network inclined vertically with respect to other pile elements, and enmeshing subsoil among the piles of said network for laterally supporting the subsoil against lateral displacement thereof.
  • step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the step of forcing a plurality of preformed pile elements into said subsoil.
  • step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the steps of forming bore holes in said subsoil, and casting said pile elements in situ within said bore holes.
  • step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the step of sealing the side walls of said bore holes during formation thereof to prevent passage of fluid therethrough prior to casting in situ.
  • a laterally supporting retaining wall adapted to prevent loosening of subsoil comprising: a plurality of relatively spaced apart pile elements imbedded in the subsoil, at least some of said pile elements being located in a plurality of planes to form a network of pile elements, at least some of said pile elements being vertically inclined with respect to other adjacent pile elements, and subsoil enmeshed in said network of piles, said network of piles cooperating with said subsoil enmeshed therein to define said laterally supporting retaining Wall.
  • pile elements are formed of material chosen from the group including precast concrete, wood, and steel.
  • pile elements comprise concrete cast in situ.

Description

p 23, 1969 J. SEIDENBERG 3,468,131
RETAINING STRUCTURES PLACED INTO THE GROUND AND THEIR PROCEDURES OF EXECUTION Filed Dec. 15. 1966 Unite RETAINING STRUCTURES PLACED INTO THE GROUND AND THEIR PROCEDURES F EXECUTION Jacques Seidenberg, 77 Rue de Longchamp, Paris 16e, France Filed Dec. 13, 1966, Ser. No. 601,392 Claims priority, application France, Nov. 29, 1966,
rm. Cl. noza 3/708, 31/08, 27/30 US. Cl. 61-35 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A soil retaining structure and method of forming same adapted for use in preventing lateral sliding of a ground formation adjacent an excavation, which structure includes a plurality of spaced apart, long, slender pile elements arranged in a three-dimensional network.
quite often, when the grout runs out of control by invading outside areas, this method may lead to unforeseen failures.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to make available to the construction industry a new procedure which will achieve reliable protection of the foundations of structures which are in close proximity of excavations to be executed.
The procedure according to the invention consists of placing into the ground, in the vicinity and along the foundations of existing structures to be protected, a threedimensional network formed by resisting small sized piles distributed in various directions. The individual pile elements may be preformed and either driven directly into the subsoil or placed within pre-bored holes. Alternatively, the pile elements may be concrete cast in situ with care being taken to prevent spreading of concrete beyond the confines of a previously prepared bore hole. By forming the networ with well defined pile elements, there is less likelihood of producing undesirable fractures within the subsoil.
The pattern and the number of piles contained in the network will depend upon the nature of the soil-formations, the size of the excavations, the distance of the nearby existing structures, their particular conditions and so on. The network of piles functions to trap the ground enmeshed therein so as to create a subsurface soil-pile gravity or retaining wall between an excavation and the foundation of the structure to be protected. Presence of the subsurface retaining wall has been found to effectively prevent loosening of soil beneath the foundation of an existing aboveground structure which otherwise would be experienced due to the natural tendency of such subsoil to slide horizontally or downwardly toward the excavation.
Preferably, the network of piles is created prior to starting an excavation or tunnelling operation. However, the invention also has utility in preevnting further dete- States Patent 0 3,468,131 Patented Sept. 23, 1969 rioration of subsoil conditions adjacent existing excavations or to prevent landslides adjacent naturally occurring depressions or cavities in the ground.
A schematic drawing, without limiting the present invention, is given in table I to illustrate the above described procedure.
FIG. 1 represents the vertical section of the three-dimensional network structure in close vicinity of the building to be protected and the future underground tunnel.
FIG. 2 represents the top view.
The letters have the following meanings:
Ezexisting building N=street level P=connecting beam S=three-dimensional network T=underground tunnel to be built a,a',b,b,c,c',d,d',e,e'=piles forming the three-dimensional network.
FIG. 1 clearly shows that the construction of the underground tunnel T in close vicinity of the building E might have endangered its stability without the previous strengthening of the ground located between the building and the tunnel by means of the three-dimensional network S which, therefore, acts as a retaining wall with respect to the ground situated under the foundations of the building.
The small size piles a,a,b,b',c,c,d,d',e,e' will he usually placed into the ground either by percussion or rotary methods. In certain particularly subsoil conditions, when the waterproofing of the boreholes is required, the rotary method will be applied using special drilling muds consisting of bentonite, clay, cements, etc. Any spread-out of water through the boreholes into the surrounding ground is thus practically avoided during either the drilling or the concreting. In fractured formations, special additives may be added to the drilling muds to increase their plugging efliciency.
During the drilling, a casing tube will be progressively driven into the borehole for its entire length, to avoid any caving-in.
When the casing has reached the desired depth a steel bar will be placed and the concreting through the casing will follow. A special device, if needed, will be used for the concreting under pressure. During the concreting the casing will be progressively withdrawn.
The above said retaining structure can also be used for landslide protection.
The piles a,a,b,b',c,c',d,d',e,e' of the retaining structure S may also consist of precast concrete elements placed into the ground by percussion or into previously drilled boreholes.
Such operation may be completed by a partial or total grouting before, during or after the placing of the elements themselves.
The precast concrete elements may also be replaced by wooden, iron or other elements. While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to excavations, such as tunnels, occurring adjacent to an existing buildings, I wish to be not so limited. Accordingly, in the appended claims I have used the more generic term cavity to include not only exposed and subsurface excavations, such as tunnels, but naturally occurring holes in the ground.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of forming a laterally supporting retaining wall imbedded in a subsoil adapted to prevent loosening and lateral displacement of subsoil including the steps of: imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil, positioning said pile elements in a plurality of planes to form a three-dimensional network of pile elements, positioning at least some of the pile elements: of said network inclined vertically with respect to other pile elements, and enmeshing subsoil among the piles of said network for laterally supporting the subsoil against lateral displacement thereof.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the step of forcing a plurality of preformed pile elements into said subsoil.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of imbedding a plurality of relatively spaced apart generally vertically extending pile elements within said subsoil further includes the steps of forming bore holes in said subsoil, and casting said pile elements in situ within said bore holes.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the step of sealing the side walls of said bore holes during formation thereof to prevent passage of fluid therethrough prior to casting in situ.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of forming bore holes in said subsoil further includes the steps of providing casing tubes in said bore holes for strengthening the side walls during formation thereof, and progressively Withdrawing said casing tubes during casting in situ.
6. A laterally supporting retaining wall adapted to prevent loosening of subsoil comprising: a plurality of relatively spaced apart pile elements imbedded in the subsoil, at least some of said pile elements being located in a plurality of planes to form a network of pile elements, at least some of said pile elements being vertically inclined with respect to other adjacent pile elements, and subsoil enmeshed in said network of piles, said network of piles cooperating with said subsoil enmeshed therein to define said laterally supporting retaining Wall.
7. The structure according to claim 6, wherein said pile elements are formed of material chosen from the group including precast concrete, wood, and steel.
8. The structure according to claim 6, wherein said pile elements comprise concrete cast in situ.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES American Civil Engineers Handbook, Merriman-Wiggins, 5th edition, p. 723.
JACOB SHAPIRO, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 61-42, 50, 53.52
US601392A 1966-11-29 1966-12-13 Retaining structures placed into the ground and their procedures of execution Expired - Lifetime US3468131A (en)

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FR85468A FR1509100A (en) 1966-11-29 1966-11-29 Resistant structure made in the basement and relative execution method

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BE (1) BE707277A (en)
DE (1) DE1634589B2 (en)
ES (2) ES338001A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1509100A (en)
GB (1) GB1156029A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854294A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-17 A Frank Method for producing a pile support arrangement
US4040260A (en) * 1975-03-26 1977-08-09 Pynford Limited Pile with downwardly extending elongated elements
WO1985001763A1 (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-04-25 Geopolyteknik A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations
US5934840A (en) * 1997-10-03 1999-08-10 Geocon Excavation support structure
CN102817378A (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-12 同济大学 Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107740446A (en) * 2017-10-16 2018-02-27 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 Combined construction method of the passive supplement in existing building basis with underpining system in hole
CN108396770B (en) * 2018-01-26 2019-10-18 同济大学 Multi-panel encloses the protective device and construction method of existing shallow foundation building under the conditions of digging

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US763213A (en) * 1904-02-25 1904-06-21 Frank Shuman Method of forming concrete piles.
GB148701A (en) * 1919-09-06 1920-08-05 Anthony Henry Krynauw Method of preparing sites for dam walls
CH90630A (en) * 1920-12-20 1921-09-16 August Wolfsholz Presszementba Process for sealing, securing and strengthening shafts and tunnels in loose rock layers.
FR587218A (en) * 1925-04-14
GB263997A (en) * 1925-12-02 1927-01-13 Jorgen Saxild Improvements in and relating to the construction of quay walls, piers and other marine structures
US2313109A (en) * 1939-12-18 1943-03-09 Louis S Wertz Process of treating porous masses
CH245930A (en) * 1944-12-22 1946-12-15 Leemann Edwin Pressed concrete construction process for the production of building structures under water.
US3135097A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-06-02 Arde Associates Insulated foundation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR587218A (en) * 1925-04-14
US763213A (en) * 1904-02-25 1904-06-21 Frank Shuman Method of forming concrete piles.
GB148701A (en) * 1919-09-06 1920-08-05 Anthony Henry Krynauw Method of preparing sites for dam walls
CH90630A (en) * 1920-12-20 1921-09-16 August Wolfsholz Presszementba Process for sealing, securing and strengthening shafts and tunnels in loose rock layers.
GB263997A (en) * 1925-12-02 1927-01-13 Jorgen Saxild Improvements in and relating to the construction of quay walls, piers and other marine structures
US2313109A (en) * 1939-12-18 1943-03-09 Louis S Wertz Process of treating porous masses
CH245930A (en) * 1944-12-22 1946-12-15 Leemann Edwin Pressed concrete construction process for the production of building structures under water.
US3135097A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-06-02 Arde Associates Insulated foundation

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854294A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-17 A Frank Method for producing a pile support arrangement
US4040260A (en) * 1975-03-26 1977-08-09 Pynford Limited Pile with downwardly extending elongated elements
WO1985001763A1 (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-04-25 Geopolyteknik A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations
GB2163201A (en) * 1983-10-21 1986-02-19 Geopolyteknik A process for providing foundations and/or reinforcing the ground by laying compensating foundations
US4832533A (en) * 1983-10-21 1989-05-23 Ringesten Bjoern Process for reinforcing soil structure
US5934840A (en) * 1997-10-03 1999-08-10 Geocon Excavation support structure
CN102817378A (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-12 同济大学 Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range
CN102817378B (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-06-25 同济大学 Construction method of extra-large diameter shield tunnel penetrating through urban overhead pile foundations in close range

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ES338002A1 (en) 1968-03-16
GB1156029A (en) 1969-06-25
BE707277A (en) 1968-04-01
ES338001A1 (en) 1968-03-16
FR1509100A (en) 1968-01-12
DE1634589A1 (en) 1970-07-23
DE1634589B2 (en) 1976-10-21

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