US3442692A - Method of conditioning fabrics - Google Patents

Method of conditioning fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3442692A
US3442692A US479590A US3442692DA US3442692A US 3442692 A US3442692 A US 3442692A US 479590 A US479590 A US 479590A US 3442692D A US3442692D A US 3442692DA US 3442692 A US3442692 A US 3442692A
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Prior art keywords
agent
fabric
substrate
conditioning
drying
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Expired - Lifetime
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US479590A
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English (en)
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Conrad J Gaiser
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CONRAD J GAISER
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CONRAD J GAISER
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/30—Drying processes 
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/203—Laundry conditioning arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the conditioning of fabrics by well known types of fabric conditioners such as softening, antistatic, lubricating, bacteriostatic, mildew proofing or moth proofing agents, or agents that may impart several properties to the fabric, such as softeners which also im part antistatic properties.
  • fabric conditioners such as softening, antistatic, lubricating, bacteriostatic, mildew proofing or moth proofing agents, or agents that may impart several properties to the fabric, such as softeners which also im part antistatic properties.
  • the agent when the agent is applied from a liquid dispersion or solution, this is uneconomical because the conditioning agents require 16 to 20 times as much solvent, usually water or water-alcohol mixtures, than agent; and this increases shipping and handling costs entailed by the relatively large quantities of solvent that have to be handled. Also, the container and bottling costs are relatively high, and excessive quantities of the liquid containing the agent have to be employed, to render the agent effective.
  • the present invention is designed to overcome the foregoing problems. Summarizing the same, it comprises incorporation of such type of agent uniformly in a fabriclike substrate, felted or Woven, such as paper toweling or scrirns, swatches of cloth or absorbent sponge, which may be readily handled and shipped or transported in the dry state.
  • a sheet of the substrate carrying the agent is advantageously placed in any conventional laundry dryer together with washed but still wet fabric which is usually in the form of sheets, garments, pillow cases, etc., and has been thoroughly rinsed so as to be substantially free of detergents or soaps, having gone through the complete wash and rinse cycle. In the rinse cycle, the fabric is rendered damp, although still wet, by centrifugal spin drying.
  • the current of heated drying air or other heatedinert gas, and water vapor which evolves from the fabric cause the agent to vaporize from the substrate and deposit or condense uniformly on the fabric, as the pieces of fabric and the substrate are being simultaneously tumbled or agitated by the internal ribs of the rotating drum or wheel in a conventional laundry dryer.
  • This tumbling action causes the substrate to commingle with all pieces of the washed fabric, thus resulting in all of the fabric pieces being exposed to the agent.
  • the substrate carrying the conditioning agent can be introduced optionally during the washing cycle or during any of the rinsing cycles, desirably the last rinse step, and it will still effectively transfer some of the agent to the pieces of wet fabric.
  • Incorporation of the agent into the substrate can readily be etfected by coating a sheet of the substrate with a liquid solution or dispersion of the agent, as by immersion, or by spraying, wringing or pressing out the excess, and then drying the substrate to leave it uniformlyimpregnated with the agent.
  • the substrate is desirably in the form of cellulosic sheet material, such as conventional perforated paper roll toweling, or in the form of packaged swatches of either paper toweling, or fabric such as flannel, which can be removed one at a time from the package.
  • a special advantage is that by virtue of its simplicity, the impregnated substrate can be readily used by the housewife in the household in conventional laundry and drying appliances, under conventional operating conditions, as well as in commercial laundries.
  • the invention has as its objects, among others, the provision of an improved, simple and economical method and product therefor, for conditioning fabrics by agitating and thoroughly commingling the same with a substrate carrying a conditioning agent for the fabric in a stream of heated gas and water vapor, and which method and product can advantageously be employed in the drying cycle wherein the fabric is substantially free of soaps or detergents.
  • any type of conventional conditioning agent heretofore used in the conditioning fabrics can be employed.
  • agents are presently marketed as solids, pastes, or liquids as in aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution or in dispersion form, and they are generally cation-active substances.
  • the substrate is impregnated with such agent as by immersion in a suitable liquid solvent containing the agent, and subsequently removing the agent by evaporation.
  • the agent is distilled from the substrate and redistributed by the heat of the drying gas current and the water vapor leaving the fabric being dried, and subsequently is deposited uniformly on the fabric or fabrics being dried.
  • the most effective fabric conditioners are cationics. However, some anionics such as calcium and magnesium salts of ordinary fatty acids of 14 to 18 carbon atoms chain length are also effective but turn yellow with age. Some of the amphoteric molecules are also effective, probably because their positive charge attaches them to the fabric. Specifically, the requirements for a fabric softener are, (1) one or more hydrophobic side chains of 14 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length; and (2) a positively charged end to serve as a point of attachment to the negatively charged molecule of the fiber.
  • Typical fabric conditioners include:
  • R and/or R may be an alkyl group of 16 to 18 carbon atoms or any equivalent group with comparable hydrophobicity.
  • X may be any one of the following groups: OH- Cl- Br- HSO S0,,- or similar negative radieles, and where R and R may be as in (a) above and R and R are methyl or ethyl groups.
  • Effective softening and antistatic agents are quaternary ammonium chlorides or bromides, and alkyl imidazolinium chlorides or bromides.
  • Suitable as antistatic agents are alkyl dibenzyl ammonium chlorides and alkyl amines. Alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chlorides and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride are desirable bacteriostatic agents.
  • the conditioning agent is as long as it is substantive to the fabric upon which it is deposited, and will vaporize under the flow of drying air and steam generated from the washed fabric as it is being dried.
  • the amount of conditioning agent incorporated in the substrate should be sufficient to be effective, while substantial excess thereof, serves no purpose, and is thus uneconomical.
  • the actual amount is variable and depends on the characteristics of the agent employed.
  • more substrate sheets carrying the agent are proportionately incorporated with the fabric pieces in the dryer.
  • All of the aforementioned agents are soluble or dispersible in water or in water-alcohol (desirably isopropyl alcohol for economy) solvents.
  • To incorporate the same into the woven or felted substrate all that is required, as previously related, is to immerse the substrate in a solution or dispersion of the agent having a concentration sufficient to provide the desired amount of agent on the substrate, or to coat the substrate with the liquid carrying the agent by any conventional coating roll applicator which meters the coating onto the substrate, and then remove the solvent from the substrate by drying either at ambient temperature or by oven drying.
  • the resultant treated substrate can then be distributed in perforated roll form from which individual sheets can be readily detached, with each sheet carrying a desired predetermined amount of agent, or it can be packaged in the form of a stack of individual separated sheets each carrying such amount of agent.
  • EXAMPLE I As a typical example illustrative of the invention, a conventional paper towel of about square inches in size was immersed and squeezed in a dispersion of 2.0 grams of dimethyl, di(hydrogenated tallow), ammonium chloride (a quaternary ammonium compound known as Arquad 2H-D-75" by Armour Chemical Company) in 7.0 cc. of water and 1.5 cc. of isopropanol, prepared at 18 C. After all the liquid had been absorbed, and the paper towel was dried at ambient temperature, 2.0 grams of the agent were distributed uniformly in the substrate. Such dry substrate carrying the agent was then introduced into a conventional household clothes dryer (Kenmore gas dryer) with an approximate 8 lb.
  • sufiicient of the agent vaporized from the substrate into the carrier gas stream, namely, heated air and steam generated from the fabric, and deposited on the fabric pieces rendering them notice ably softer, antistatic and fluflier.
  • the imparted lubricating effect and the freedom from static reduced knotting and binding thereby substantially reducing wrinkling.
  • the antistatic qualities remained with the fabric pieces until they were rewashed, thus rendering them more comfortable to wear; and because of the softening, the need for ironing was minimized and ironing was made easier.
  • EXAMPLE II 50 grams of the aforementioned quaternary ammonium compound of Example I, were dispersed in 15 cc. of isopropyl alcohol and 70 cc. of water at 75 C. Ten conventional sheets of perforated paper toweling, each of square inches were folded along the perforations into a pad which was pressed into this dispersion, and was squeezed and worked until all the solution was evenly dispersed throughout the pad.
  • the pad was then unfolded and hung on a wash line to dry. Drying took about 10 hours at ambient temperature. After the drying, the impregnated sheets were very flexible, transluscent and had a waxy feel. Checking the dry weight of the towels established that each sheet had picked up approximately 5 grams of the conditioning agent.
  • the substrate therefor need not be discarded after the drying cycle because there still remains a sufiicient amount of the agent thereon which enables the substrate to be employed advantageously as a dusting or cleaning cloth, particularly
  • the substrate carrier is of relatively soft material such as flannel.
  • the method of conditioning fabrics which comprises commingling pieces of damp fabric by tumbling said pieces under heat in a laundry dryer together with a flexible substrate carying a conditioning agent to effect transfer of the conditioning agent to the fabric while being dried.
  • the substrate is a dry paper sheet carrying an amount of agent of about 1.0 to 10.0 grams per square inches.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US479590A 1965-08-13 1965-08-13 Method of conditioning fabrics Expired - Lifetime US3442692A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47959065A 1965-08-13 1965-08-13

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US3442692A true US3442692A (en) 1969-05-06

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BE (1) BE741922A (cs)
CA (1) CA1005204A (cs)
DE (1) DE1955803A1 (cs)

Cited By (107)

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US3632396A (en) * 1969-04-28 1972-01-04 Procter & Gamble Dryer-added fabric-softening compositions
US3650816A (en) * 1969-05-02 1972-03-21 Lever Brothers Ltd Additives for clothes dryers
DE2150586A1 (de) * 1970-10-20 1972-04-27 Colgate Palmolive Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Konditionieren von Geweben
DE2203142A1 (de) * 1971-01-25 1972-08-10 Colgate Palmolive Co Verfahren zum Weichmachen von Textilien
US3706140A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-12-19 Systematic Research & Dev Corp Multi-use dispensing device
DE2415247A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1974-10-24 Procter & Gamble Koerper zum konditionieren von geweben in einem waeschetrockner
DE2415246A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1974-10-24 Procter & Gamble Koerper zum konditionieren von geweben in einem waeschetrockner
US3895128A (en) * 1965-08-13 1975-07-15 Procter & Gamble Method of conditioning fabrics and product therefor
US3896033A (en) * 1972-07-03 1975-07-22 Colgate Palmolive Co Encapsulated fabric softener
US3948387A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-04-06 Kleen Test Products, Inc. Fabric package for a vaporizable anti-static and fabric softening bar
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US4007300A (en) * 1973-04-03 1977-02-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of conditioning fabrics in a clothes dryer
US4012540A (en) * 1973-04-03 1977-03-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of conditioning fabrics in a clothes dryer
US4012326A (en) * 1971-06-29 1977-03-15 Lever Brothers Company Additives for clothes dryers
US4014105A (en) * 1970-10-20 1977-03-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Article, apparatus and method for conditioning fibrous materials with liquid conditioning composition
US4018688A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-04-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Capsules, process of their preparation and fabric conditioning composition containing said capsules
US4041205A (en) * 1973-10-18 1977-08-09 Colgate-Palmolive Company Residue-free fabric softening article for use in laundry dryer
US4053992A (en) * 1970-10-20 1977-10-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus and method for conditioning fibrous materials, utilizing and abradable conditioning agent fastened to the interior of an automatic laundry dryer door
US4057673A (en) * 1974-10-09 1977-11-08 Colgate Palmolive Company Fabric conditioning with improved composition containing a plasticizer
DE2731080A1 (de) * 1976-07-12 1978-01-19 Procter & Gamble Kleiderausruestungsgegenstand
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Families Citing this family (34)

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