US3416775A - Cooling tower packing means - Google Patents

Cooling tower packing means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3416775A
US3416775A US567011A US56701166A US3416775A US 3416775 A US3416775 A US 3416775A US 567011 A US567011 A US 567011A US 56701166 A US56701166 A US 56701166A US 3416775 A US3416775 A US 3416775A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
cooling
deflector
cooling tower
packing means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US567011A
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English (en)
Inventor
Szucs Laszlo
Tasnadi Csaba
Linder Istvan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPOR
KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPORT-IMPORT VALLALATA
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KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPOR
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Publication date
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Publication of US3416775A publication Critical patent/US3416775A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/11—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • a cooling tower having cooling water distribution means which guide a stream of water in a substantially horizontal direction onto a water distributor where it forms a water film which descends due to the gravitational forces.
  • the water distributor includes a plurality of closely spaced wires or bands the upper ends of which may be plain or curved but in any case constitute a descending guide on which the water film is retained. The water is cooled while descending on said water distributor.
  • the present invention relates to packing means for cooling towers.
  • the cooling water heated up in various industrial or household appliances is recooledif reuse is economicin cooling towers.
  • the cooling towers are, for the time being, mostly of the wet type. In such towers the warm cooling water will be brought into intimate contact with the ambient atmosphere, causing one partpractically to -of the cooling water to evaporate while the larger part of the water is recooled to make it suitable again for cooling purposes.
  • cooling towers for bringing about an intimate contact between the ambient atmosphere and the warm cooling water.
  • the most important part of these designs is in every case the so called cooling tower packing, made of wood, plastic, asbestos cement, glass, etc. on the extensive surface of which a heat and mass transfer between the cooling water and the air takes place.
  • Heat and mass transfer on the cooling tower packings takes place in the following manner:
  • the cooling water is distributed as evenly as possible onto the packing surface.
  • the cooling water streaming downwards under the influence of gravity force, will form a water film on the packing surface.
  • the cooling air is driven by a fan or by means of a natural draft stack, adjacent to the wet surface, in parallel flow or in countercurrent flow to the water flowing downwards or, if necessary, in a so called mixed flow.
  • the known cooling tower packing means require an atomization of the cooling liquid which results in large losses of the cooling liquid due to evaporation.
  • thermodynamics it has been known for a long time that the break of the boundary layer of the liquid and the use of short surfaces in the flow direction results in advantageous heatand mass-transferring devices.
  • the water distributor surface may be plain or curved, but in any case constitutes a falling surface and the coherent water film spreading on it is retained on the surface by the surface forces between the surface and the water film, as well as by the inertia forces operating on the water film, which counteract the gravity forces.
  • the cooling tower packing means (1) Avoids completely water splitting up into drops thereby avoiding the above mentioned disadvantages and (2) Provides a wetting method which utilizes short surfaces in the stream direction for example bands or wires.
  • the water does not break up into drops, therefore no drop loss comes about, so that the inconveniences attached thereto are also eliminated.
  • the employed nozzles serve only for producing a nearly horizontal water jet, that is why the water velocity utilized with them can be a low one. Also it permits the use of nozzles having relatively large diameters which reduces the risks of obstructions clogging the nozzles, resulting moreover in requiring a very little pressure head and little pumping work.
  • the most important effect of the cooling tower packing means of this invention are as follows: the described water distribution manner makes it possible to apply narrow wet surfaces (bands and wires), associated with the said considerable advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a packing means in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show each a perspective view of a detail of the packing means.
  • the packing surface proper consists of upright or nearly upright bars, for example, wires or bands 4 having a circular, drop shape, rectangular, oval, etc. cross section, the upper ends of which are joined from below at their upper extremities, either in a direct manner or through a very small gap, to a sloping water distributor surface 2.
  • the air flows among the bars, wires or bands 4, in a perpendicular or nearly perpendicular direction with respect thereto (as indicated by the arrows 5). Due to this arrangement the boundary layers on the surface elements 4 are very small and the heatand mass-transfer coefficients are very high (7 to 10 times that of the known packings).
  • a deflector means 13 with a deflector surface 7 is arranged on the point 6 where the bars, wires or bands 4 are joined to the distributor surface 2 .
  • This deflector means 13 may be fastened either to the wire 4 or to the distributor surface 2 and forms at any rate a surface in the way of the water film 3 streaming on the distributor surface 2, against which it will impinge. In this way part of the water will be driven onto the wire or band 4.
  • the gap between the distributor surface 2 and the deflector means 13 or between the deflector means 13 and the band 4 must not be longer than 3 mm.
  • the water will not be separated from the distributor surface 2 or else the separated water will be sprinkled and so will not arrive dropless at the surface of the descending elements 4.
  • the water mass driven onto the band or wire 4 under influence of the surface stress flows round the wire 4 and forms on its surface a coherent film and this surface enclosing water film streams downwards.
  • the junction 6 of the wire 4 and surface 2 does not break up the coherence of the water film S-because, due to the influence of the surface stress, the water film continuity is maintained while the water flows over the wire.
  • the cooling water film 3 tends to maintain its impulse while it streams downwardly on the inclined distributor surface 2 and therefore tends to evade the wires 4 and to flow on to the surface 2, thus avoiding the wires 4.
  • a deflector surface 7 is formed at the junction 6 of the wires 4 and the distributor surface 2. These deflector surfaces 7 will face the flow direction 12 of the cooling water film 3, and seen from the flow direction 12 of the cooling water film 3, to the surface 7 are concave, or in a special case, flat. If the deflector surafce 7 is convex seen from the flow direction 12, the water flows on along the distributor surface 2 and the deflector means 13 does not fulfill its task.
  • the deflector surface 7 may be shaped so as to fit tangentially to, or communicate with a blunt angle, and in a special embodiment with a right angle, with the distributor surface 2. These arrangements ensure the water flowing on to the deflector surface 7 to turn into the direction of the bar-constituent. Without the aforedescribed arrangements the separation will become uncertain or cease, the water will flow on beyond the deflector means 13 and will not arrive on the bar surfaces.
  • the deflector surface 7 is joined preferably tangentially to the distribution surface 2.
  • the deflector surface 7 may also be formed by an inclined surface which is joined to the wires 4 at a blunt angle. With this arrangement the separated water arrives on the surface of the bars free of drops, thereby constituting a continuous Water-film. The choice of the angles joining the surfaces 2 and 7 ensures a continuous water-film even in thec ase when a gap is left between the deflector means 13 and the distributor surface 2.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an enlarged deflector element 13 for the case when the wire 4 has a circular cross section, and the deflector surface 7, if seen from the on-streaming direction 12 of the cooling water film, is concave.
  • the deflector surface 7 fits to the distributor surface 2 tightly and tangentially, while also tightly and tangentially joining the surface of wire 4.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates another possible embodiment of the deflector means 13 where the wire 4 has a rectangular cross section and the deflector surface 7 is plain and joins to the distributor surface 2 at a blunt angle 8 with a gap 9, which is less than 3 millimeters.
  • the deflector surface 7 also joins, at a blunt angle 10 and adjacent to the surface of the wire 4, the main body of the wire 4.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates still another possible embodiment of the deflector means 13, where the wire 4 has a rectangular cross section and the deflector surface 7 is plain and joins tight to the distributor surface 2 at right angle 8 while being parallel to the wires 4, as well as being spaced therefrom with gap 11 which is less than 3 millimeters in width.
  • Cooling tower packing means comprising, in combination, a sloping water distributor surface, means for supplying water to said water distributor surface, upright bars joining said water distributor surface from below, and deflector means at the upper extremities of said bars for conducting water from said water distributor surface to said bars.
  • a cooling tower packing means comprising, in combination, a sloping water distributor surface, means for supplying water to said water distributor surface, upright bars joining said water distributor surface from below, and deflector means having a nonconvex deflector surface arranged at the upper extremities of said bars for conducting water from said water distributor surface to said bars.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US567011A 1965-07-28 1966-07-21 Cooling tower packing means Expired - Lifetime US3416775A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUSU000303 1965-07-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3416775A true US3416775A (en) 1968-12-17

Family

ID=11001659

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US567011A Expired - Lifetime US3416775A (en) 1965-07-28 1966-07-21 Cooling tower packing means

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3416775A (de)
AT (1) AT288451B (de)
CH (1) CH460828A (de)
DE (1) DE1501393B2 (de)
GB (1) GB1158394A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3743256A (en) * 1970-08-20 1973-07-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for evaporative cooling towers with wetted walls
US3795388A (en) * 1971-03-29 1974-03-05 A Toth Liquid cooling apparatus
US3857911A (en) * 1974-01-17 1974-12-31 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Apparatus for heat- and mass transfer between liquids and gases
US4009229A (en) * 1974-01-17 1977-02-22 Patentbureau Danubia Apparatus for heat- and mass transfer between liquids and gases
US20120241988A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Chong Mook Park String-Thick-Plates Pack for Use in Cooling Tower and Fabrication Thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US700990A (en) * 1899-07-31 1902-05-27 Eva Elizabeth Stocker Liquid-cooling apparatus.
FR771047A (fr) * 1933-06-22 1934-09-28 Tunzini Ets élément pour batterie de ruissellement et batterie en comportant application
AT167933B (de) * 1949-01-11 1951-03-27 Viktor Dipl Ing Thausing Rieselwerk
US2631022A (en) * 1948-10-08 1953-03-10 Hudson Engineering Corp Cooling tower
US3275529A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-09-27 Saline Water Conversion Corp Falling film still having convex film feeding spillways

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US700990A (en) * 1899-07-31 1902-05-27 Eva Elizabeth Stocker Liquid-cooling apparatus.
FR771047A (fr) * 1933-06-22 1934-09-28 Tunzini Ets élément pour batterie de ruissellement et batterie en comportant application
US2631022A (en) * 1948-10-08 1953-03-10 Hudson Engineering Corp Cooling tower
AT167933B (de) * 1949-01-11 1951-03-27 Viktor Dipl Ing Thausing Rieselwerk
US3275529A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-09-27 Saline Water Conversion Corp Falling film still having convex film feeding spillways

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3743256A (en) * 1970-08-20 1973-07-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for evaporative cooling towers with wetted walls
US3795388A (en) * 1971-03-29 1974-03-05 A Toth Liquid cooling apparatus
US3857911A (en) * 1974-01-17 1974-12-31 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Apparatus for heat- and mass transfer between liquids and gases
US4009229A (en) * 1974-01-17 1977-02-22 Patentbureau Danubia Apparatus for heat- and mass transfer between liquids and gases
US20120241988A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Chong Mook Park String-Thick-Plates Pack for Use in Cooling Tower and Fabrication Thereof
US8973908B2 (en) * 2011-03-22 2015-03-10 Chong Mook Park String-thick-plates pack for use in cooling tower and fabrication thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1501393A1 (de) 1969-11-06
GB1158394A (en) 1969-07-16
CH460828A (de) 1968-08-15
DE1501393B2 (de) 1976-11-25
AT288451B (de) 1971-03-10

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