US3408417A - Thermal cracking method of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Thermal cracking method of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3408417A
US3408417A US481281A US48128165A US3408417A US 3408417 A US3408417 A US 3408417A US 481281 A US481281 A US 481281A US 48128165 A US48128165 A US 48128165A US 3408417 A US3408417 A US 3408417A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
velocity
sound
cracking
hydrocarbons
raw material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US481281A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sogawa Toru
Gomi Shinpei
Kanai Toshio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kureha Corp
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Kureha Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kureha Corp filed Critical Kureha Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3408417A publication Critical patent/US3408417A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/04—Thermal processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/02—Gasoline
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
    • Y10S585/922—Reactor fluid manipulating device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/953—Pulsed, sonic, or plasma process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • the present invention is based upon the discovery that if the flow velocities to be adopted for the injection of the raw material hydrocarbons from the injection nozzle and for the flow of the mixed fluid containing said hydrocarbons and combustion gas at a high temperature at the throat passage of the furnace are respectively kept at the velocity of sound or at a velocity of more than the velocity of sound, a constant flow rate of the every fluid can be accordingly attained with the maintaiuance of stable ratio of formation of either products, and furthermore, the'formation of carbon and tar is thereby suppressed.
  • the velocity of sound means the velocity of sound which is defined by the pressure, temperature and gas composition under the flowing condition of the fluid.
  • The: present invention is a process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons characterized in that in an apparatus consisting of a burner, a combustion chamber, a throat passage, a thermal cracking reaction chamber and a quencher. Fuel and oxygen are combusted in the combustion chamber by means of the burner, the formed high temperature combustion gas is mixed with hydrocarbon or a mixed fluid of hydrocarbon and hydrogen and/or 'steam by injecting the latter into the former from a nozzle provided on the upper part of throat passage at the velocity of sound or at a velocity more than the velocity of sound and then a mixed fluid thus obtained is injected into the thermal cracking reaction chamber through the throat passage at the velocity of sound or at a velocity more than the velocity of sound to thermally crack the hydrocarbon.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a vertical section of furnace which is suitable for the practice of process of present invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows a graph in which the results obtained by the process of the present invention are compared with the results obtained by the process of the prior art.
  • a fuel is introduced from a nozzle 1 and simultaneously oxygen and steam are introduced from a nozzle 2.
  • the fuel, oxygen and steam are injected into a combustion chamber 6 from a burner 5 to burn the fuel and to form a combustion gas of high temperature.
  • the hydrocarbon as the raw material to be injected into the combustion gas for the cracking is preheated and is introduced from a nozzle 3 and injected from an injection nozzle 7 into the combustion chamber 6 at the velocity of sound or a velocity more than the velocity of sound and is admixed with the combustion gas of high temperature.
  • the admixing of hydrogen or steam with said cracking raw material is recommended, thereby the flow velocity is maintained at a velocity more than the velocity of sound and thus an identical effect with the case of sole introduction of the cracking raw material at the velocity of sound or at a velocity more than the velocity of sound can be obtained, especially an increased yield can be achieved in the case of the using of hydrogen.
  • the mixed fluid which is the cracking raw material admixed with the combustion gas at high temperature is introduced into the bottom part of the combustion chamber with a flow velocity less than the velocity of sound, it is jetted into the reaction chamber 9 through the throat passage 8 at the velocity of sound or at a velocity more than the velocity of sound velocity and there the cracking reaction is carried out.
  • the products are rapidly cooled by means of cooling water which is introduced into the terminal position of the reaction chamber through the pipe 4 and thereby terminating the reaction.
  • the reaction products was withdrawn from the pipe 10.
  • the raw material for cracking When the raw material for cracking is not injected at the velocity of sound or a velocity more than the velocity of sound even if a high temperature combustion gas is formed by effecting uniform combustion with the flow velocity at the throat passage of more than at the velocity of sound or a velocity more than the velocity of sound, it is diflicult to inject the raw material for cracking into the reaction chamber and as a result the mixed fluid of the raw material for cracking and the high temperature combustion gas becomes nonuniform, and further carbon and tar are deposited on the wall of the throat passage part and the yield of acetylene and ethylene are decreased and thus the ratio of the both products is changed.
  • the present invention is illustrated by the following example.
  • Example A thermal cracking was carried out in a furnace as shown in FIGURE 1. 657 m. /hr. (standard condition).
  • the curve of the mark 0 represents the case of example
  • the curve of the mark I] represents the case of the comparative method 2
  • the curve of the mark A represents the case of the comparative method 3.
  • a process for continuous thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in an elongated furnace comprising:
US481281A 1964-08-24 1965-08-20 Thermal cracking method of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3408417A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4712564 1964-08-24

Publications (1)

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US (1) US3408417A (de)
DE (1) DE1543122C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1090278A (de)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3674679A (en) * 1969-02-21 1972-07-04 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Process and apparatus for the thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils
DE2824839A1 (de) * 1977-06-07 1978-12-14 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren zum thermischen kracken von kohlenwasserstoffen
EP0158863A2 (de) * 1984-04-17 1985-10-23 Rockwell International Corporation Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Pyrolysetemperatur
US4613426A (en) * 1983-06-30 1986-09-23 Mitsubishi Jukoygo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermal cracking process for producing petrochemical products from hydrocarbons
US4917787A (en) * 1983-10-31 1990-04-17 Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. Method for on-line decoking of flame cracking reactors
US5937906A (en) * 1997-05-06 1999-08-17 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method and apparatus for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes using hydrodynamic cavitation
US5969207A (en) * 1994-02-02 1999-10-19 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method for changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons based on the effects of cavitation
US6365555B1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2002-04-02 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Method of preparing metal containing compounds using hydrodynamic cavitation
US20040157036A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-08-12 Provost George A. Needling through carrier sheets to form loops
US20050196583A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Embossing loop materials
US20050196580A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Loop materials
US20050196581A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US20050217092A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-10-06 Barker James R Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
US20070178273A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Provost George A Embossing loop materials
US7547469B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2009-06-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Forming loop materials
US7562426B2 (en) 2005-04-08 2009-07-21 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US8673097B2 (en) 2007-06-07 2014-03-18 Velcro Industries B.V. Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
US8753459B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2014-06-17 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US9078793B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-07-14 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook-engageable loop fasteners and related systems and methods
US9119443B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-09-01 Velcro Industries B.V. Loop-engageable fasteners and related systems and methods
US20160122184A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2016-05-05 Stamicarbon B.V. Acting Under The Name Of Mt Innovation Center Zero emissions sulphur recovery process with concurrent hydrogen production
US10029957B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2018-07-24 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10160697B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2018-12-25 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10166524B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-01-01 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10195574B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-02-05 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10214464B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-02-26 Uop Llc Steady state high temperature reactor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4256565A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-03-17 Rockwell International Corporation Method of producing olefins from hydrocarbons
JPS59152992A (ja) * 1983-02-18 1984-08-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 炭化水素からオレフインを製造するための熱分解法
JPS59159887A (ja) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 炭化水素からオレフインを製造するための熱分解法
JPS6011584A (ja) * 1983-06-30 1985-01-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 炭化水素から石油化学製品を選択的に製造するための熱分解法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498444A (en) * 1948-02-24 1950-02-21 Jr John B Orr Production of acetylene
US2767233A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-10-16 Chemical Construction Corp Thermal transformation of hydrocarbons
US2790838A (en) * 1952-01-16 1957-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Process for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
GB996202A (en) * 1960-09-21 1965-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Process for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US3301914A (en) * 1962-01-12 1967-01-31 Basf Ag Production of acetylene, or acetylene and ethylene, by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498444A (en) * 1948-02-24 1950-02-21 Jr John B Orr Production of acetylene
US2767233A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-10-16 Chemical Construction Corp Thermal transformation of hydrocarbons
US2790838A (en) * 1952-01-16 1957-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Process for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
GB996202A (en) * 1960-09-21 1965-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Process for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US3301914A (en) * 1962-01-12 1967-01-31 Basf Ag Production of acetylene, or acetylene and ethylene, by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3674679A (en) * 1969-02-21 1972-07-04 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Process and apparatus for the thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils
DE2824839A1 (de) * 1977-06-07 1978-12-14 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren zum thermischen kracken von kohlenwasserstoffen
US4136015A (en) * 1977-06-07 1979-01-23 Union Carbide Corporation Process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US4613426A (en) * 1983-06-30 1986-09-23 Mitsubishi Jukoygo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermal cracking process for producing petrochemical products from hydrocarbons
US4917787A (en) * 1983-10-31 1990-04-17 Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. Method for on-line decoking of flame cracking reactors
US4724272A (en) * 1984-04-17 1988-02-09 Rockwell International Corporation Method of controlling pyrolysis temperature
AU572984B2 (en) * 1984-04-17 1988-05-19 Rockwell International Corp. Method of controlling pyrolysis temperature using supersonic flow
EP0158863A3 (de) * 1984-04-17 1987-11-25 Rockwell International Corporation Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Pyrolysetemperatur
EP0158863A2 (de) * 1984-04-17 1985-10-23 Rockwell International Corporation Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Pyrolysetemperatur
US5969207A (en) * 1994-02-02 1999-10-19 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method for changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons based on the effects of cavitation
US5937906A (en) * 1997-05-06 1999-08-17 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method and apparatus for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes using hydrodynamic cavitation
US6869586B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2005-03-22 Five Star Technologies, Inc. Method of preparing metal containing compounds using hydrodynamic cavitation
US6365555B1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2002-04-02 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Method of preparing metal containing compounds using hydrodynamic cavitation
US20050047993A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-03-03 Moser William R. Method of preparing metal containing compounds using hydrodynamic cavitation
US20050217092A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-10-06 Barker James R Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
US8753459B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2014-06-17 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US20050196580A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Loop materials
US20050196581A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US20040157036A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-08-12 Provost George A. Needling through carrier sheets to form loops
US7156937B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2007-01-02 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling through carrier sheets to form loops
US20050196583A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Embossing loop materials
US7465366B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2008-12-16 Velero Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US7547469B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2009-06-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Forming loop materials
US7562426B2 (en) 2005-04-08 2009-07-21 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US20070178273A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Provost George A Embossing loop materials
US8673097B2 (en) 2007-06-07 2014-03-18 Velcro Industries B.V. Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
US20160122184A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2016-05-05 Stamicarbon B.V. Acting Under The Name Of Mt Innovation Center Zero emissions sulphur recovery process with concurrent hydrogen production
US10654719B2 (en) * 2011-05-06 2020-05-19 Stamicarbon B.V. Acting Under The Name Of Mt Innovation Center Zero emissions sulphur recovery process with concurrent hydrogen production
US9078793B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-07-14 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook-engageable loop fasteners and related systems and methods
US9119443B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-09-01 Velcro Industries B.V. Loop-engageable fasteners and related systems and methods
US9872542B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2018-01-23 Velcro BVBA Loop-engageable fasteners and related systems and methods
US10029957B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2018-07-24 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10160697B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2018-12-25 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10166524B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-01-01 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10195574B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-02-05 Uop Llc Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor
US10214464B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2019-02-26 Uop Llc Steady state high temperature reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1543122B2 (de) 1973-06-07
DE1543122A1 (de) 1969-08-28
GB1090278A (en) 1967-11-08
DE1543122C3 (de) 1974-01-24

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